一种双光束自动测试光栅绝对与相对光谱衍射效率的原理性方案

提出了一种快速自动测试光栅光谱衍射效率的新方法。重点推导了测试平面光栅绝对光谱衍射效率与相对光谱衍射效率公式，介绍了双光束高精度自动测试光栅光谱衍射效率曲线的基本原理、方案与方法，并分析了测试精度。研究表明，本方案的测试速度和精度均比一般测试方法提高一倍，并能有效地消除光源波动对测量结果的影响，测量误差小于５×１０－３。     

直流电路系统测试圆光栅的分析与应用

分析了采用直流电路系统测试圆光栅直径误差 Φi(或刻线误差 θi)时所产生的差异等问题 ,讲述了能较真实准确地得出圆光栅 Φi(或 θi)这一单项误差指标的测试与数据处理方法。此方法已在实验与实际检测结果中得到了充分验证     

插补常角法检测圆光栅误差

插补常角法只需摆一个固定常角 ,即可测试各种进制高精度圆光栅的各项刻划误差     

光栅信号的谐波特性与单片机内插细分补偿

光栅信号的谐波特性与单片机内插细分补偿马仕才（航天部四川江北计量测试所，成都６１０１００）一、问题的提出在现代光栅测长系统中，半周期内的实际位置值采用单片机进行插补。然而光栅信号的谐波特性，在细分数选择不当时，有可能会使插补的一个或几个最小细分当量失...     

集成光栅干涉微位移测量方法

介绍了一种新型集成光栅干涉微位移测量方法,设计加工了微位移敏感芯片,并进行了初步的性能测试．敏感芯片利用硅-玻璃键合体硅工艺制作而成,在玻璃上制有金属光栅,光栅上方有由铝梁支撑的可动结构．实验系统由敏感芯片、半导体激光器、光电二极管以及相应的驱动、检测电路组成入射激光照射到光栅上产生衍射光斑,衍射光的光强随可动结构与光栅之间的距离变化,通过测量衍射光强的变化可以得到位移．测试实验结果表明,所制作的集成光栅干涉微位移敏感芯片可实现位移检测,最小可检测的位移约0．2nm．     

基于NMM的AFM测试分析原子光刻纳米光栅样板

利用激光汇聚中性铬原子沉积出一维纳米光栅样板的基础上,基于 NMM的AFM测量系统对样板进行了测试分析和测试方法研究,得到一维纳米光栅结构平均节距为212.6±0 4nm,与52Cr原子共振跃迁(7S3→7P04)的半波长(λ/2)理论值212.8nm基本一致,测试结果非常准确.文章还介绍利用NMM测量机的大范围扫描测试距离,解决了光栅样板的测试区域快速定位的问题,对研究纳米级精度测量有实用价值及参考意义.     

差动光栅式精密定位精度的提高

介绍了基于差动光栅结构的激光莫尔精密定位原理，分析了该光栅结构在实际工程应用中的莫尔信号变化特点。从双光栅计量的基本数学模型出发，详细讨论了5种影响定位精度的因素，给出了相应的数值计算结果，并根据这一结果提出了在工程应用中提高定位精度的措施。     

立体印刷用柱镜光栅线数检测方法研究

目的研究一种快速准确检测立体印刷用柱镜光栅线数的方法。方法柱镜光栅固定在测试平台上,测头基座沿水平方向移动,同时保证测头上的触头在垂直方向始终保持与光栅表面接触;然后由计算机实时采集测头水平方向和垂直方向的位移,把数据保存到数据库,并在计算机屏幕上显示柱镜光栅表面曲线;最后把测头水平方向和垂直方向的位移数据代入数据处理算法,计算出被测光栅线数。结果以100线的柱镜光栅作为被测光栅进行测试,测试结果与传统方法检测的线数非常接近,并且能在60 s内完成测试。结论该方法避免了传统人工观测带来的误差,并把测试时间由300 s降至60 s,具有高效率、高稳定性和高可靠性的优点。     

非规则物体位移的测量

在测量非规则物体位移时，研制了一种新型位移传感器－滚动光栅位移传感器。它能在线测量一些特殊的长度量。文章较为详细地对该传感器结构作了介绍，并通过测试和检验证明该传感器能达到较高的测量精度。     

高精度光栅干涉测量技术及仪器

在超精密测量和控制技术中,对测量精度提出了越来越高的要求,如尺寸精度１ｎｍ和角度０．００１。由于光栅具有精度高、抗干扰能力强、寿命长和价格便宜等优点,最近几年光栅干涉测量技术被广泛研究和使用。本文简单介绍几种在超精密测量和制造过程中常用的微纳米光栅干涉测量技术。     

Measurement of the thermal diffusivity and speed of sound of hydrothermal solutions via the laser-induced grating technique

We use the laser-induced grating technique to measure the thermal difusivity and speed of sound of hydrothermal solutions. In this noninvasive optical technique, a transient grating is produced in the hydrothermal solution by optical absorption from two crossed, time-coincident nanosecond laser pulses. The grating is probed by measuring the diffraction efficiency of a third laser beam. The grating relaxes via thermal diffusion, and the thermal diffusivity is determined by measuring the decay of the grating diffraction efficiency as a function of of the pump-probe delay time. In addition, intense pump pulses produce counterpropagating acoustic waves that appear as large undulations in the transient grating decay spectrum. The speed of sound in the sample is simply the grating fringe spacing divided by the undulation period. The cell is made from a commercial high-pressure fitting and is equipped with two diamond windows for optical access. Results are presented for dilute dye/water solutions withT=400° and pressures between 20 and 70 MPa.Paper presented at the Twelfth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 19–24, 1994, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

衍射法X射线激光分束光栅平行度测量系统(英文)

介绍了软X射线光栅分束镜Mach-Zehnder干涉等离子体诊断系统调整用双频光栅线条平行度的衍射法测量系统.该系统主要由激光器,准直镜,待测光栅,精密转台(含角度测量仪),直线工作台,光栅调节架和探测器组成.分析了系统中各种误差对测量精度的影响其中包括距离测量误差、波长误差、光栅准直误差即光栅刻线与入射光和反射光组成的平面不垂直、光栅转动过程的误差、光栅表面面型误差、探测器误差,经计算得到系统的绝对误差为minute.计算表明,该系统的测量精度满足软X射线Mach-Zehnder干涉系统对双频调整光栅的性能要求.     

用于钢筋混凝土梁的光纤光栅应变传感器

在变形测定器中,光纤Bragg光栅被粘贴于内管的两端,这两端的距离确定了传感器的量规长度。为了测量拉应变和压应变,该光纤光栅必须保持处于与可能的最大压应变相等的永久性拉应变。将光纤Bragg光栅贴于H154梁的混凝土表面和H158梁的钢筋表面,以分别检测拉应变和压应变。当钢筋混凝土梁受到千斤顶的加载时,它的应变可由光纤Bragg光栅的反射Bragg波长的偏移量获得。实验表明,作为一种绝对检测器件,光纤Bragg光栅为钢筋混凝土梁提供了有效监测,其中,拉应变~1000me,而压应变~1500me。     

光栅投影轮廓术的精度分析及应用

介绍了彩色面结构光栅投影轮廓术的基本原理,该原理在投影光栅方面采用正弦编码的投影光栅,这样可以采用快速的直接光栅条纹解调的方法,实现了对被测物体单视角数据的测量,并对标准台阶进行了测量.分析了测量过程中存在的误差及其产生的原因;并针对各种误差提出了相应的改进或克服方法;最后,使用该方法对具有复杂自由曲面的脚型进行了测量,实验结果表明:该方法能够快速,准确地获取被测物体的三维数据.     

光栅激光告警系统中信号光与天空光的能量分析

为了在天空背景下实时测量宽波段脉冲激光波长和方向,提出了使用闪耀光栅衍射测量脉冲激光波长和方向的方法.用傅立叶变换分析天空背景和脉冲激光的光谱分布.通过对透射率函数的傅立叶级数展开,得到光栅衍射谱线的强度,对信号光谱线的最小强度、背景光谱线的最大强度和噪声强度的比较,得到设计的可行性.光路主要由特制光栅、柱面镜以及CCD探测器构成.     

Thermal Diffusivity Measurement of High-Conductivity Materials by Dynamic Grating Radiometry

A new apparatus based on dynamic grating radiometry (DGR) to measure the thermal diffusivity of high-conductivity materials such as graphite and diamond has been developed. In the DGR method, a sample surface is heated by interference of two pulsed laser beams, and the decay of temperature at a spot on the thermal grating is monitored by an infrared detector. In the ideal case where the grating period is much smaller than the light absorption length, the thermal diffusivity parallel to the surface can be determined from the decay constant and the grating period. This paper describes a procedure to extract the thermal diffusivity parallel to the plane while eliminating the effect of anisotropy and gives results for a preliminary measurement using Zr foil. A quadratic dependence of the time constant on fringe space has been observed in the fringe space change. Data are also presented for a 0.1-mm-thick graphite sheet. The results indicate the capability of DGR to measure anisotropic high-conductivity materials.     

光纤布拉格传感器兰姆波检测的反射谱分析

传统的兰姆波多采用压电陶瓷换能器激发和接收。建立了新的超声兰姆波无损检测系统,其基本思想是采用布拉格光纤传感器作为兰姆波的接收器。光纤光栅传感的基本原理是通过检测光栅反射的中心波长移动实现对外界参量如超声的测量。超声作用下光纤光栅的反射谱发生变化,对超声作用下光纤光栅的反射谱变化进行了数值分析,结果表明,超声对光栅反射谱的影响与超声波长与光栅长度的比值是高度相关的。只有当这个比值相当大时,反射谱的形状才不会变化而中心波长发生偏移,此时光纤传感器可用来探测兰姆波。这个结论为利用新的兰姆波无损检测系统在布拉格光栅长度的设计和兰姆波波长的选择方面提供了有用的工具。     

Effects of fibre grating parameters on the spectral characteristics of cascaded long- and short-period gratings

Using coupled-mode theory combined with the transfer matrix method, this paper presents the impact of fibre grating parameters(grating period, grating length and average index modulation) and the separation between long-period fibre grating and fibre Bragg grating (FBG) on the reflection spectra of cascaded long-and short-period grating (CLBG). Two grating periods and two grating lengths have only impact on the two reflection peaks. The two resonance wavelengths shift towards the longer wavelength when the period of FBG decreases. Further, we study the sensing characteristics of coated CLBG. By analysing the relationship between the refractive index sensitivity and the thin film parameters (film refractive index and film thickness), the optimized parameters for the coated CLBG used as film sensor were obtained. Data simulation shows that the resolution of the refractive index of this coated CLBG film sensor is predicted to be 10^?6. This implies that the coated CLBG has an important application value in sensing and measurement field.     

光刻法制备聚合物/液晶光栅

将明胶涂覆在表面经过取向处理的带有ITO电极的玻璃基板上，以紫外灯为光源，通过光掩模法，使明胶在光场的引发下发生光化学反应，样品显影刻蚀处理后呈栅状，将液晶注入光栅盒中，形成聚合物／液晶光栅。该光栅衍射效率可利用电场调控。采用He—Ne激光器对所制样品进行测试，结果表明，所制样品的栅结构较好。避免了液晶与聚合物相分离的不完全性和栅条边缘不整齐的现象。制得的光栅其第一衍射级次的开关比为87：1，显示了较好的开关能力。     

GPA Combined with the Hole‐Drilling Method Applied for Curved Surface Strain Measurement

Abstract: This paper describes three methods that were modified and combined to investigate the residual strain of a curved surface. First, the traditional grating transfer method previously only applied to a flat surface was extended to a curved surface using a new fabrication and transition approach. Second, the GPA method previously only applied in the nanoscopic field was extended to the macroscopic field. Third, both of the above methods were combined with the hole‐drilling method to obtain deformation information on the plane analysing grating. The data obtained were used to analyse the in‐plane residual strain by the GPA method, and an algorithm that can use the plane analysing grating data was used to calculate the curved specimen grating deformation. The feasibility and reliability of these methods were verified by using them to measure and analyse the residual strain of a welded joint on a stainless steel tube.