多种整体型可燃毒物对改进型快谱超临界水冷堆中子学特性的影响

建立了装载整体型可燃毒物的SCFR-M点火组件模型,计算分析了不同材料、质量分数的可燃毒物在多种布置方案下的组件中子学参数.综合考虑组件功率畸变、寿期初毒物对反应性的控制能力、寿期末毒物的反应性惩罚等因素,选择合适的整体型可燃毒物布置方案.结论表明稀土氧化物Er2O3以方案4布置在组件中具有较好的中子学性能.     

压水堆棒状燃料组件弥散型可燃毒物燃耗特性研究

长寿期小型压水堆需要更合适的可燃毒物进行反应性控制来延长堆芯寿期,针对这一需要开展了压水堆棒状燃料组件弥散型可燃毒物燃耗特性研究,从可燃毒物的消耗与燃耗过程匹配的角度出发,选择了B、Gd、Ho、Sm、Dy、Er、Gd、Eu作为研究对象,使用基于确定论的组件计算程序Dragon对这些核素进行燃耗特性研究。计算结果表明可燃毒物Eu、Er适合作为候选可燃毒物开展下一步研究。     

可燃毒物布置方式的反应性波动特性研究

不同可燃毒物的布置方式可以控制整个燃耗寿期下的反应性波动并且可以提高燃耗深度。本工作在不同富集度下分析可燃毒物的布置方式对堆芯反应性的影响。并对堆芯k_(eff)在整个燃耗寿期下的变化趋势进行分析。结果表明:1)含可燃毒物B和Gd的堆芯,采用16根可燃毒物棒的布置方式;含可燃毒物Er和Eu的堆芯,采用28根可燃毒物棒的布置方式;含可燃毒物~(231)Pa、~(240)Pu和~(241)Am的堆芯,采用组件燃料棒中均含可燃毒物的布置方式。2)在14%富集度下选用~(240)Pu作为可燃毒物;在40%、70%和97%富集度下选用B作为可燃毒物。     

遗传算法在堆芯燃料管理装载模式优化中的应用

从堆芯燃料管理装载模式 (L P)优化中的非确定多项式 (NP)特征和全局寻优要求 ,探讨了遗传算法在 L P优化中的应用。结合 L P优化和遗传算法特点 ,建立了 L P优化的数学模型的矩阵表示。为了解决组件矩阵的有效性问题 ,对组件矩阵进行基于位置的遗传操作 ;考虑到可燃毒物数目的独立性 ,对可燃毒物矩阵进行随机遗传操作 ;对旋向矩阵进行经典遗传操作。类比旅行商问题 ,完成了 L P优化遗传算法编码和解码。并可与相应的堆物理计算程序构成一个完整的堆芯燃料管理程序。     

反转压水反应堆热工水力特性初步研究

采用CFD软件FLUENT对反转压水反应堆(IPWR:Inverted Pressurized WaterReactor)单个燃料元件及冷却剂通道流场进行了数值模拟计算,分析比较了不同栅格尺寸情况下的热工水力特性.计算结果表明,栅格尺寸对IPWR燃料元件温度及冷却剂流动传热特性有较大影响,为今后IPWR燃料栅元、组件、堆芯设计和热工水力分析提供了初步参考和依据.     

NHR-10堆芯的改进设计

介绍了 NHR- 10组件内钆可燃毒物配置、堆芯燃料组件布置和换料方案的改进设计。通过调整钆可燃毒物根数和质量分数来改善堆芯有效增殖因子 (Keff)随燃耗变化的特性 ,采用堆芯燃料组件非均匀布置来降低堆芯功率峰因子(Fxyz) ,采用 1/ 2换料方案使得每炉换料周期比较接近 ,并给出了改进设计结果。TRANP和 NNGFM程序计算结果表明 :改进设计后 ,Fxyz从 2 .997降到 2 .2 2 1,运行中的最大Keff从 1.0 5 6降到 1.0 37,Keff随燃耗的变化特性得到了很大改善 ,换料周期除第一个周期为 2 2 5 0 d外 ,后面的周期稳定在 175 0 d,更加符合工程需要。     

WIMS-SN程序系统对NHR-10堆物理设计的有效性

组件计算是堆物理计算中的一个重要环节.用WIMS-SN系统计算含可燃毒物组件时,出现比较大的误差,不适宜低温供热堆含可燃毒物组件的计算.文中分析其计算过程,改进了该程序系统,使它可应用于含可燃毒物燃料组件计算.研究发现用WIMS棒束模型计算钆棒栅元归并截面时,使用的能谱是无钆燃料区的能谱,因此会带来较大误差.为了避免这种情况发生,在输运计算中必采用多群多区模型.通过与TPFAP程序校算,二者差别较小,说明该程序系统可以应用于低温供热堆的物理设计.     

NHR-200 含钆可燃毒物棒性能分析

介绍了２００ＭＷ核供热堆（ＮＨＲ－２００）采用含钆可燃毒物燃料棒作为中子吸收体的设计考虑，并根据ＮＨＲ－２００燃料组件的设计参数，采用压水堆核电厂燃料元件稳态分析程序ＦＲＡＰＣＯＮ－２，并考虑到含钆芯块物性变化，对原有ＭＡＴＰＲＯ数据库中相应物性作了修改，按不同含钆量对可燃毒物棒进行稳态工况的性能分析比较。分析结果表明，ＮＨＲ－２００含钆可燃毒物棒能很好地满足堆芯设计的要求，并且有较大的安全裕度。     

基于SIMULATE3程序对压水堆钍-钚燃料反馈性能及钚焚烧效率研究

采用类似于大亚湾900 MW压水堆的堆芯模型,使用燃料组件计算程序 CASMO4E和反应堆稳态分析程序SIMULATE3分别对铀燃料组件、铀钚燃料组件或钍钚燃料组件组成的堆芯的中子学特性进行了研究,分析了组件的燃耗深度、堆芯的平均燃耗、燃料温度系数与燃耗的关系。结果表明,钍钚燃料组件和铀燃料组件组成的堆芯中子特性相似,同时钍钚燃料用于焚烧武器级钚时,具有更高的焚烧效率。     

组件增殖因子与组件参数的定量关系

为确定 NHR- 10钆组件增殖因子与组件参数之间的定量关系 ,采用 TRANP程序进行组件计算 ,并进行分段低阶拟合和不分段高阶拟合 ,给出了组件增殖因子随燃耗变化的拟合曲线。计算结果表明 :可燃毒物排列与组件增殖因子无关。组件增殖因子与富集度、钆毒物质量分数、可燃毒物根数的近似数量关系可以通过分段低阶拟合来表示。分段低阶拟合比不分段高阶拟合具有更高的精度。这些结果为组件设计和燃料循环研究中组件特性描述提供了一种近似的表示方法     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with