人参二醇组皂甙对失血性休克犬血清5-HT的影响及对血小板的保护作用

健康成年杂种犬29只,分为失血性休克人参预治疗组(HSG)10只,失血性休克地塞米松预治疗组(HSD)10只,失血性休克组(HS)9只。失血前1小时,HSG组静注人参二醇组皂甙(25mg/kg),HSD组肌注地塞米松(1mg/kg)。在实验过程中经放、输血,使血压维持于5.3kPa(40mmHg)。结果表明,(1)扫描电镜显示,人参二醇组皂甙与地塞米松对血小板形态均有明显保护作用,并抑制其聚集;(2)血清5-HT含量,HS组随失血时间延长逐渐增高。HSG组失血后第1、3小时虽有增高,但第4、5小时则逐渐回降到正常水平,HSD组失血前后均无显著改变。5-HIAA,HS组失血后3～5小时显著增加,HSG和HSD组失血前后比较均无显著改变。提示人参二醇组皂甙和地塞米松对失血性休克时5-HT和5-HIAA的增加有抑制作用。     

人参二醇组皂甙与地塞米松对失血性休克犬心肌收缩性保护作用及机制的探讨

健康杂种犬27只,分为失血性休克人参二醇组皂甙组(HSG,25mg/kg)10只,失血性休克地塞米松组(HSD,1mg/kg)8只,失血性休克组(HS)9只。经颈动脉放血使平均动脉压降至5.3kPa,观察5小时。结果表明,人参二醇组皂甙对心肌细胞的超微结构具有明显的保护效应,减少细胞内酶(GOT、LDH、CK)的     

人参二醇组皂甙对失血性休克犬血糖含量的影响

实验用体重为12.23±1.96kg的杂种犬13只,分为失血性休克组(HS)(n=6),失血性休克人参二醇组皂甙预治疗组(HSGn=7)。HSG组于放血前1小时静脉注入人参二醇组皂甙盐水(25mg/kg)。经颈总动脉     

人参二醇组皂甙对失血性休克犬红细胞G-6-PD活性的影响

健康杂种犬30只,随机分为失血性休克人参二醇组皂甙组(HSG),失血性休克地塞米松组(HSD)及失血性休克组(HS)各10只。实验过程中通过调节血容量使股动脉压维持于5.3kPa左右,至放血后5小时结束。     

人参皂甙对急性肾衰大鼠中缝正中核和中缝背核5-HT含量的影响

目的:本研究选用甘油致急性肾衰(ARF)动物模型,探讨口服人参皂甙(GS)对ARF大鼠中缝正中核(MRN)和中缝背核(DRN) 5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量变化的影响。方法:64只健康雄性SD大鼠,随机分为4组:模型组、模型给药组、空白对照组和空白给药组。肌肉注射甘油制备急性肾衰模型,利用商品化试剂盒检测口服人参皂甙48 h后各组大鼠血尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(Cre)的变化;同时用免疫组化方法观察MRN和DRN 5-HT免疫反应活性(5-HT-IR)变化。结果:肾功能检测显示模型对照组血清BUN和Cre水平显著升高,模型给药组血清BUN和Cre水平显著下降。免疫组化的实验显示ARF大鼠MRN 5-HT-IR增强,DRN 5-HT-IR减弱;人参皂甙能明显阻断ARF诱导的上述变化。结论:人参皂甙处理能够减少ARF大鼠MRN 5-HT含量,增加DRN 5-HT的含量,人参皂甙对MRN和DRN内5-HT能神经元活性的差异调节可能是人参皂甙抗急性肾衰和保护肾功能的中枢神经元机制之一。     

内毒素休克大鼠过氧化脂质与单胺类递质的变化

Wistar大鼠28只,雌雄不拘,随机分为内毒素休克组(ES组,腹腔注射粗制大肠杆菌内毒素0.8mg/100g,n=20),和对照组(C组,腹腔注射等量生理盐水,n=8)。测量ES组内毒素注射前后血压,观察8小时后断头处死。分别测定血清及肝、肺组织的过氧化脂质、血清和肺的NE,DA,5-HT,5-HIAA。实验结果表明:ES     

川芎挥发油解热作用及其对家兔下丘脑单胺类神经递质含量的影响[ HT5”SS

目的:探讨川芎挥发油(CH)解热作用及其机理.方法:采用家兔内毒素发热模型,腹腔注射高、中、低三个剂量CH,观察家兔直肠温度变化,然后以荧光分光光度法测定家兔下丘脑单胺类神经递质含量.结论:各剂量组均有明显的解热作用(P<0.01)且在发挥解热作用的同时高剂量组家兔下丘脑组织中5-羟色胺(5-HT)、多巴胺(DA)含量增高(P<0.05),去甲肾上腺素(NE)含量变化不明显,5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)含量减少(P<0.05).结论:CH具有解热作用,其机理之一,可能是CH引起下丘脑组织中5-HT含量的改变从而导致了NE与5-HT的比值改变,以及DA含量的改变,最终使体温调定点趋于正常.讨论:体温调节的单胺学说认为5-HT和NE在量上的动态平衡可保持体温的相对恒定.并且5-HT和NE的变化与体温变化之间存在种属差异.本实验结果表明,川芎挥发油在发挥解热作用的同时,能使家兔下丘脑5-HT含量升高,这与文献报道的大鼠结果不一致,作者认为可能是种属差异引起的.同时NE含量变化不明显,5-HT与NE的比例关系发生明显变化,这可能是其解热作用机理之一.5-HIAA含量的降低,可能是由于川芎挥发油抑制了单胺氧化酶使5-HT代谢率降低所致. 　　……     

心理应激对模拟高原低压低氧环境下大鼠海马单胺递质的影响

目的探讨心理应激对模拟高原低压低氧环境下大鼠海马单胺递质含量的影响。方法用旁观电击的方法建立大鼠心理应激模型。低氧处置为将大鼠置于模拟海拔6000m的低压舱内24小时。观察下列心理应激对低压低氧环境下大鼠海马细胞外液中去甲肾上腺素（NE），多巴胺（DA）和5-羟色胺（5-HT）含量的影响。用高效液相色谱-电化学法检测其中的单胺递质的含量。结果①低氧能显著降低大鼠海马细胞外液中NE的含量（P〈0.01）；心理性能显著增加低氧环境下NE的含量（P〈0.01）；②低氧能显著增加大鼠海马细胞外液中5-HT的含量（P〈0.01）；心理应激不能进一步增加低氧环境下5-HT的含量。结论心理应激能影响低压低氧环境下大鼠海马单胺递质的含量。     

人参二醇组皂苷对抗二次打击诱导大鼠急性肺损伤

目的： 通过失血性休克复合脂多糖(LPS)二次打击建立稳定的急性肺损伤模型并研究人参二醇组皂苷(PDS)的抗损伤作用。方法: 40只成龄Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组(S)、二次打击模型组(HL)、地塞米松(Dex)预治疗组(HLD)和人参二醇组皂苷预治疗组(HLP)。观察各组大鼠的平均动脉压(MABP)的变化及肺脏病理学改变，通过血清酶学检测分析各主要脏器功能变化，采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定了血清炎症介质TNF-α和IL-6水平。结果: 失血性休克-LPS二次打击造成了大鼠MABP明显下降，血清酶学指标AST、ALT、ALP、LDH、CK水平升高，血清TNF-α和IL-6的含量增高；肺组织结构出现破坏，出现明显炎症反应。与HL比较，HLD及HLP二次打击1 h后MABP逐渐回升，血清酶学指标及TNF-α和IL-6含量明显降低，肺间质炎症明显减轻。结论: 大鼠失血复合内毒素注射可成功建立稳定的急性肺损伤模型。与地塞米松作用相似，PDS可升高二次打击大鼠MABP，逆转血清酶水平变化并降低血清中TNF-α和IL-6含量，从而对抗失血及LPS导致的肺损伤。     

航天特定环境下抑郁症模型大鼠血清、海马及延髓中单胺神经递质含量变化

目的 研究航天特定环境下抑郁症模型大鼠血清、海马及延髓中单胺神经递质的变化.方法 选择旷场实验行为学评分相近的30只大鼠,按完全随机法分为对照组和模型组,每组15只.模型组采用经典抑郁症模型,结合航天特定环境,建立大鼠抑郁症模型,对照组不做任何处理.观察航天特定环境下抑郁症模型大鼠行为学变化,测定血清、海马、延髓组织中5-羟色胺(5-HT)、多巴胺(DA)及去甲肾上腺素(NE)含量的变化.结果 与对照组比较,造模后模型组大鼠旷场实验中的穿行格数和直立次数减少,理毛次数、中央格停留时间增加(均P＜0.05);模型组大鼠血清中5-HT、DA及NE含量均高于对照组[(334.23±110.45)μg/L比(248.76±51.83)μg/L,(109.19±26.86)μg/L比(88.42±12.63)μg/L,(102.46±39.31)μg/L比(74.88±12.04)μg/L,均P＜0.05)],而海马组织中NE含量低于对照组[(9.99±8.02)μg/L比(25.41±5.68)μg/L,P＜0.05].结论 航天抑郁症的产生可能与血清中5-HT、DA降低无关,而与海马组织中的NE降低有关.     

高频喷射通气给氧对失血性休克犬血中单胺类递质及组胺的影响

用犬失血性休克模型观察高频喷射通气（ＨＦＪＶ）给氧对犬血中单胺类递质及组胺的影响。结果表明，在ＨＦＪＶ下动脉血中的去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）、多巴胺（ＤＡ）、５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）及组胺水平均低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１），存活时间明显延长（Ｐ〈０．０１）。提示存活时间延长与ＨＦＪＶ后，交感－肾上腺髓质系统兴奋降低，单胺类递质释放减少及同时抑制了肥大细胞释放组胺有关。实验还观察到：休克晚期ＮＥ、ＤＡ、５－Ｈ     

微波、噪声、振动条件对脑单胺类含量的影响

本文观察了急性或慢性微波、噪声、振动条件下小鼠、家兔脑单胺类递质含量的变化。结果表明,急性噪声条件下小鼠间脑和脑干5-HT含量明显升高,DA含量有升高趋势;急性振动时,家兔下丘脑NE含量明显升高。慢性微波照射条件下,小鼠全脑5-HT含量明显下降,慢性噪声作用下间脑和脑干DA、NE呈下降趋势,我们还初步分析了上述结果与临床微波作业人员的职业病症状间的关系。     

葛根素对围绝经期抑郁症模型小鼠的神经保护作用及机制研究

目的:探讨葛根素对围绝经期抑郁症模型小鼠行为影响及神经生物学机制。方法:清洁级昆明小鼠饲养1周以适应环境。旷场实验(OFT)筛选后,随机分为假手术组、围绝经期抑郁症模型组、氟西汀组(FLU,3mg/kg)、雌激素组(E,0.15 mg/kg)和葛根素组(92 mg/kg),每组10只。采用小鼠双侧卵巢切除(OVX)联合慢性不可预知性温和应激(CUMS)法建立围绝经期抑郁症动物模型。各给药组于每日应激前1 h灌胃给药,其余各组给予等体积生理盐水,共计21 d。观察小鼠动情周期变化,测定行为学变化,观察海马组织形态学改变,测定脑组织单胺类递质含量,测定海马组织c AMP反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)-脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)信号通路主要蛋白表达。结果:与假手术组比较,各OVX组小鼠连续7 d内连续监测未见动情周期变化,证明去势成功;围绝经期抑郁症模型组小鼠呈现抑郁样行为,表现为自发活动及探索行为减少、行为绝望时间增加、体质量增长缓慢(P0.01或P0.05),海马神经元损伤、萎缩、数量减少、尼氏体减少及早期凋亡变化,脑组织五羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)及多巴胺(DA)含量减少(P0.01);海马组织CREB-1、磷酸化c AMP反应元件结合蛋白(p-CREB-1)、BDNF及酪氨酸蛋白激酶B(Trk B)蛋白表达减少(P0.01)。与围绝经期抑郁症模型组比较,给予葛根素(Pue)治疗后,可改善围绝经期抑郁症模型小鼠抑郁样行为,表现为增加自发活动及探索行为、减少行为绝望时间、体质量增加迅速(P0.01或P0.05);减轻海马组织神经元损伤及凋亡细胞,增加脑组织5-HT、NE及DA含量(P0.01),增加海马组织CREB-1、p-CREB、BDNF及Trk B蛋白表达(P0.01),差异具有统计学意义。结论:采用小鼠双侧OVX联合CUMS可成功制备围绝经期抑郁症动物模型。葛根素具有神经保护及抗围绝经期抑郁症作用,其机制主要通过减轻海马神经元损伤、抑制神经元早期凋亡、增加脑组织单胺类递质含量及上调脑组织CREB-BDNF信号通路主要蛋白表达而发挥的。     

Effect of cadmium on 24-h variations in hypothalamic dopamine and serotonin metabolism in adult male rats

This study was designed to analyze the possible cadmium effects on time-of-day variations of anterior, mediobasal, and posterior hypothalamic contents of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and norepinephrine (NE) content in adult male rats. Also DA and 5-HT metabolism, as expressed by the ratio 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) to DA and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) to 5-HT, respectively, were studied. Adult male rats were given cadmium at a dose of 25 ppm of cadmium chloride in drinking water for 1 month. Age-matched rats having access to cadmium-free water were used as controls. Weight gain for the whole period was not changed by cadmium exposure. The metal accumulated in the hypothalamus of rats. In the three hypothalamic regions, significant 24-h variations of NE and 5-HT concentration were found in controls, while DA content changed rhythmically in mediobasal hypothalamus only. Mean content of NE, 5-HT, and DA of anterior, mediobasal, and posterior hypothalamus decreased after cadmium exposure. After cadmium the 24-h pattern of NE changed only in mediobasal hypothalamus, whereas the metal changed significantly the pattern of 5-HT in all regions. DOPAC to DA and 5-HIAA to 5-HT ratios decreased and were differentially changed in all hypothalamic regions analyzed in cadmium-treated rats. There was a statistically significant relationship between time of administration of metal and time that the change took place in biogenic amines in the hypothalamus. These results indicate that cadmium may depress hypothalamic biogenic amine release. Electronic Publication     

单胺类递质在光化学诱导树鼩血栓性脑缺血中心区及半暗区形成中的作用

目的和方法：光化学诱导树鼠句血栓性脑缺血,用荧光分光光度法检测实验后４ 、２４ 及７２ ｈ 中心区及半暗区单胺类递质的变化,并用密度梯度法测定以上各区脑水份含量,以探讨单胺类递质代谢紊乱在缺血性脑损伤中的作用。结果：光化学反应后中心区与半暗区的多巴胺（ＤＡ） 、去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ） 和５ － 羟色胺（５ － ＨＴ） 含量分别在４ 、２４ 及７２ ｈ 降至最低点（ 与假手术组相比Ｐ 均＜ ０－０１） ,然而５ － ＨＴ 的代谢产物—５ － 羟吲哚乙酸（５ － ＨＩＡＡ） 逐渐升高。中心区及半暗区脑水含量于实验后２４ ｈ 均达峰值（ Ｐ 均＜ ０－０１） 。结论：单胺类递质在光化学诱导树鼠句血栓性脑缺血,尤其是半暗区形成中具重要作用;其病理生理改变,既是血栓性脑缺血的结果,又是继发性脑损伤、脑水肿以及迟发性神经元坏死（ ＤＮＤ） 的原因     

启神胶囊对全脑反复缺血再灌注大鼠脑内单胺类神经递质含量的影响

为了探讨启神胶囊对全脑反复缺血再灌注大鼠脑内单胺类神经递质的影响 ,Wister大鼠 ,采用 4-血管反复缺血再灌注造模 ,分正常对照组、模型组、模型喂药组 ,30天后取脑 ,用HPLC—ECD法测定 ,结果表明 ,模型大鼠海马组织中NE、MHPG、5—HT含量下降 ,与正常对照组差异显著 (p <0 .0 5 ) ;中药组大鼠海马组织中NE、MHPG、5—HT、HVA比模型鼠显著上升 (p <0 .0 5 )。模型大鼠大脑皮层中NE、MHPG、DA、HVA含量明显低于对照组 ,中药组NE、HVA含量均比模型组显著提高 (p <0 .0 5 ) ;MHPG、DA虽也有提高 ,但无统计学差异 ;5—HT含量 ,模型组高于对照组 (p <0 0 5 ) ,中药组低于模型组 (p <0 .0 5 )。启神胶囊能影响全脑缺血再灌注大鼠单胺类神经递质的代谢     

Local administration of l-DOPA in the chicken ventromedial hypothalamus increases dopamine release in a dose-dependent manner

l-DOPA induced extracellular dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) of chickens were measured by in vivo microdialysis. Several doses of 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (l-DOPA) were administered locally through the microdialysis probe into the VMH of chickens for 10 min. Local perfusion of l-DOPA increased the extracellular levels of DA. The increased DA was dose-related and was significantly higher compared to the baseline and control group. The maximal level of DA was 212% and 254%, respectively, of the baseline following administration of 1 and 2 μg/ml l-DOPA. There were no changes in NE and 5-HT levels from baseline after l-DOPA perfusion. l-DOPA (1 μg/ml) was mixed with Ca²⁺-free Ringer, tetrodotoxin (TTX) (2 μM) and high K⁺ and was perfused for 30 min into the chicken VMH. TTX and Ca²⁺-free Ringer's solution inhibited the effectiveness of l-DOPA in increasing DA release. The NE and 5-HT levels were significantly lower than the baseline. After administration of K⁺ a significant increase of DA, NE and 5-HT was observed. The microdialysis results are consistent with our objective that l-DOPA induced extracellular DA increases in the VMH in a dose-dependent manner and the released DA, NE and 5-HT within the dialysate were related to neuronal activity.     

Monoamine transmitter activity in lateral hypothalamus during its perfusion with insulin or 2-DG in sated and fasted rat

A unique profile of neurochemical events is proposed to occur in the diencephalon which is contingent upon the nutrient status of the animal. In this first of a series of investigations, we selected the lateral hypothalamus (LH) in order to determine its specific resting profile of monoaminergic neurotransmitters and their principal metabolites. The neuronal pattern of activity was studied during sated and fasted conditions as well as during a local glucoprivic challenge to the LH. After permanent guide cannulae for push-pull perfusion were implanted in female Sprague-Dawley rats, the LH was perfused repeatedly with an artificial CSF, at a rate of 20 microliters/min, in order to collect a series of 5.0 min samples. Aliquots of each perfusate were assayed directly using a high performance liquid chromatography system with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC) for pg/microliter concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT). In comparison to the basal levels of amines during the sated condition, when the rat was food-deprived for 20-22 hr, the release of NE, DA, and 5-HT was significantly lower than that observed under the sated condition. Further, the turnover of NE in the LH was concurrently attenuated as reflected by the lower levels of MHPG in the perfusate, thus demonstrating the modification in catecholamine activity produced in the LH by the condition of hunger. When either 10 micrograms/microliters 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) or 4.0 mU/microliter insulin was incorporated into the CSF perfused in the LH, the efflux of DA was significantly enhanced independent of the state of satiation. In addition, the proportion of both NE and DA to 5-HT was likewise increased by either of these centrally acting substances, while the turnover of 5-HT was enhanced and NE and DA turnovers were reduced. Perfusion of 2-DG in the LH of the fasted rat caused a significant reduction in catecholamine turnover in terms of MHPG/NE, VMA/NE, DOPAC/DA and HVA/DA ratios. Moreover, 2-DG increased NE/5-HT while lowering the NE/DA ratio, and enhanced simultaneously the 5-HTOL/5-HT ratio. In the sated rat, 2-DG attenuated the release of 5-HT from the animal's LH, whereas insulin caused a shift in the proportions of NE/5-HT and DA/5-HT. Further, the peptide served to reduced the efflux of 5-HT, enhanced the turnover of 5-HT while diminishing DA turnover, and shifted the metabolism of NE from MHPG to VMA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)