从白云鄂博稀土资源开发利用谈稀土再认识

本文回顾了白云鄂博主、东矿体的发现、勘探和开采历史,总结了白云鄂博稀土矿的选矿和冶炼分离工艺的研究和工业实践过程,概述了稀土功能材料的科研开发历程,指出白云鄂博矿资源研究和综合利用与我国稀土工业的产生和发展有着紧密联系,并提出了稀土行业当前与未来发展中需要进一步认识的问题。     

Recovery of Rare Earths, Niobium, and Thorium from the Tailings of Giant Bayan Obo Ore in China

The recovery of rare earths, niobium, and thorium from Bayan Obo??s tailings has been investigated because the Bayan Obo ore is rich in rare earths and rich in niobium and thorium, but it is mined mainly as an iron ore and will be used up soon. By carbochlorination between 823?K (550?°C) and 873?K (600?°C) for 2?hours, 76 to 93?pct of rare earths were recovered from the tailings, which were much higher than those from Bayan Obo??s rare earth concentrate, together with 65 to 78?pct of niobium, 72 to 92?pct of thorium, 84 to 91?pct of iron, and 81 to 94?pct of fluorine. This suggests a cooperative reaction mechanism that carbochlorination of iron minerals (and carbonates) in the tailings enhances that of rare earth minerals, which is supported by a thermodynamic analysis. Subsequently, niobium separation from the low-volatile, ultrahigh iron chloride mixture was achieved efficiently by selective oxidation with Fe₂O₃. This process, combined with the best available technologies for separation of rare earths and thorium from the involatile chloride mixture and for comprehensively using other valuable elements, allows the ore to minimize radioactive waste and to use rare metal resources sustainably in the future.     

提高白云鄂博矿萤石精矿品位的研究

白云鄂博矿萤石精矿主要杂质为细粒级嵌布的铁矿物、稀土和部分单体重晶石,现有药剂制度下品位很难提高.通过新药剂硫酸化水玻璃、硫酸铝、栲胶、环烷酸的合理组合,采用一粗五精闭路选别流程,可有效抑制重晶石矿物,将萤石精矿品位由80％提高到95.72％,达到酸级萤石指标.     

复杂稀有金属矿稀土回收新工艺

研究一种从不能用物理选矿法有效富集稀土的复杂稀有金属矿中回收稀土的工艺。原矿在酸矿质量比为1.2时于400℃酸化90min,然后在液固比5∶1、90℃浸出120min,稀土浸出率可以达到85.64%。浸出液经氧化、中和除杂后,按稀土理论用量1.2倍添加草酸。得到的草酸稀土沉淀在950℃煅烧60min,可获得REO含量92.4%的氧化稀土产品,全流程稀土总回收率为71.32%。     

Recovery of Ultra-Fine Iron Ore from Iron Ore Tailings

Many attempts has been taken for further utilisation of the tailings and slimes through different routes i.e. beneficiation, agglomeration etc. Though the slimes and tailings contain huge ultra fines, conventional beneficiation methods many not be much effective for handling because of particle size limitations. Physicochemical method i.e. selective flocculation is a process for handling the ultrafine particles present in the tailings. Review shows that selective flocculation technique have very limited commercial application. Here the study focuses on the application of selective flocculation process for beneficiation of synthetic mixtures of iron ore and kaolinite as well as iron ore tailings. Results show that it is possible to achieve 65.78(%) of Fe, with 2.65% Al₂O₃, 3.66 SiO₂ (%) in the concentrate using synthetic mixture feed and more than 60% of Fe is obtained from natural iron ore tailings.     

碳热还原白云鄂博稀选尾矿试验研究

文章采用正交试验考察反应温度、反应时间和料层厚度对碳热还原白云鄂博稀选尾矿的影响。结果表明,采用高挥发分含量的焦粉,有利于获得高金属化率的还原稀选尾矿。影响还原稀选尾矿金属化率的主次因素依次为还原温度、还原时间和料层厚度,最佳试验条件为:采用挥发分含量12.6%、粒度0~2 mm的焦粉做为还原剂,反应温度1 000℃、时间4.5 h、料层厚度10 mm。     

复合铵盐浸出风化壳淋积型稀土矿的研究

采用复合铵盐作浸出剂浸出风化壳淋积型稀土矿中的稀土。考察浸出剂的配比、浓度、液固比、流速、pH等因素对稀土浸出率的影响。结果表明,NH4Cl、NH4NO3、(NH4)2SO4质量比为4∶5∶6的复合铵盐浸出剂为最佳组合;液固比越大、流速越慢,浸出率越高;当浸出剂浓度为10g/L、pH=3.5时浸出效果最好。     

Rare Earths, Niobium and Tantalum Minerals in Bayan Obo Ore Deposit and Discussion on Their Genesis

Bayan Obo ore deposit is endowed with and lie hidden in the Proterozoic strata. The localities and occurfences of the minerals in the ore deposit were described. It is obviously that some minerals are strata minerals and some are post-strata minerals. The rare earths, niobium and tantalum minerals are exactly the post-strata minerals. In these minerals the hydrothermal metasomatic phenomena distinctly reveal their metallogenic characteristics. According to tectonic movement, magma activity, mineral paragenesis, hydrothermal metasomatism, geological age and lasting time-scale of metallogenesis, and some other factors, it is supposed that genesis of rare-earths, niobium and tantalum minerals in Bayan Obo ore deposit are closely related with hydrothermal metallogenic solution which is differentiated from silica acid and carbonic acid magma and derived from deep seated source, and then intruded into Proterozoic strata and metasomatized. It is recognized that the metallogenesis of Bayan Obo ore deposit is undergoing a long geological period and many episodes.     

从废铁合金中回收稀土的研究与生产

介绍了从废铁合金中回收稀土的基本流程,以溶剂萃取法分离制取氧化钕、氧化镝的纯度大于99%,非稀土杂质含量符合国家标准要求,且稀土总收率大于92%,生产工艺稳定.     

冕宁稀土矿泥中锰与稀土分离及回收的研究

以Ｎａ２ＳＯ３为还原剂,采用还原浸出法处理四川冕宁稀土矿泥,实现了矿泥中锰和稀土的分离,提高了矿泥氯化焙烧时稀土的氯化率。对锰浸出液,用ＫＭｎＯ４氧化,水解聚合法去除杂质铁,生成ＲＥ（ＯＨ）３法回收稀土,制备出合格的产品ＭｎＣＯ３,并讨论了有关工艺原理与条件。     

Geochemical Characteristics of a Carbonatite Dyke Rich in Rare Earths from Bayan Obo, China

Since the discovery of the carbonatitedykes at Bayan Oho of inner Mongolia, Chi..[l], more and more evidence from geologicaland geochemical investigations reveal that theore-hosted dolomite marble of the Bayan OboRE-Nb-Fe giant mineral deposit is similar tocarbonatite in origin['~7]. Although it is notfully clear at present whether there is a realpetrogenetic linkage between the formation ofthe ore deposit and the intrusion of the carbonatite dykes, there is no doubt that the studiesof the …     

Trace and Rare Earth Element Geochemistry of Micrite Mound Carbonates and Other Related REE Mineralized Carbonates from Bayan Obo Area in Inner Mongolia

Whatismicritemound?Itisthegeological body,whichismadefrommicro carbonate,micro andothersubstancesformedataspecificenviron ment,whoseshapeislikesmallhill[1,2].However, itcannotbefoundinthepre Cambriansedimentary rocksduetotheverystrongalterationduringthe…     

从稀土矿提取稀土的物理化学问题

本文讨论了稀土矿物分解以及从中提取稀土的基本化学反应和反应过程中稀土的物理状态变化。同时也论述了稀土矿物分解和稀土提取过程的热力学和动力学 ,并对分解提取过程中的某些物理化学问题作了解释     

从稀土矿提取稀土的物理化学问题(续)

本文讨论了稀土矿物分解以及从中提取稀土的基本化学反应和反应过程中稀土的物理状态变化。同时也论述了稀土矿物分解和稀土提取过程的热力学和动力学 ,并对分解提取过程中的某些物理化学问题作了解释。     

Thermodynamic Analysis of Formation of Fluoride from Gangue in Bayan Obo Iron Concentrate Containing Fluorite

In order to fill up the deficiency of the theoretical basis about fluoride formation during Bayan Obo iron concentrate roasting process,the thermodynamic conditions of the interactivity between the components of the gangue and calcium fluorite were studied by means of thermodynamic calculation,DTA-TG thermal analysis and XRD characterization.The results revealed that KF,NaF and SiF4(gaseous)could be formed during the roasting process,and the tendency of the generation of KF is greater than that of NaF or SiF4 in standard state.Besides,the results of roasting experiments showed that the products of KCaCO3 F and KCaF3 formed in the temperature range of 800-1 250℃and KF appears when the roasting temperature was higher than 1 250 ℃in K2O-CaF2 system.For the Na2O-CaF2 system,the product of NaF appears at temperature higher than 1 050 ℃.The formation reaction of gaseous SiF4 with solid phase CaO·SiO2in SiO2-CaF2 system took place only at temperature higher than 1 150℃.In the natural potash feldspar-CaF2-CaO system,the fluorination reaction products involved KF at temperature higher than 1 270℃,while in the natural aegirine-CaF2-CaO system,NaF formed at temperature higher than 980℃ during roasting process.     

白云鄂博萤石混合浮选工艺优化

文章介绍了白云鄂博某萤石选厂混合浮选工艺流程现状,分析了流程运转过程中存在的问题及指标不达标的原因.通过工业试验,将精选由两段精选改为一段精选,生产实践取得了较好的生产指标,降低了生产加工费用.     

白云鄂博铁矿东采场境界优化研究

根据东采场岩石二期和矿石破碎胶带运输系统建设滞后、C区滑体影响采场正常推进,重新对采场境界进行圈定、确定1 404 m水平以下开拓公路布置、验证采场生产规模、确定边坡安全措施,从而保证采场正常生产。     

从包钢选矿厂选铁尾矿中回收稀土研究概况与生产实践

本文对包钢选矿厂选铁尾矿矿石性质进行了小结。阐述了包钢选矿厂自投产以来,在回收铁矿物同时,回收稀土矿物的发展情况,并较重点介绍了国内研究单位所进行的选矿研究概况及目前选矿厂稀土生产实践。指出,要提高稀土产量,应从现有选铁流程中,充分利用强磁尾矿和强磁中矿的稀土矿物,并且开发和利用尾矿坝。     

磷矿中伴生重稀土的提取

研究了磷矿中伴生重稀土的硝酸浸出与萃取。考察了温度、硝酸浓度、时间、液固比等因素对重稀土浸出率的影响。重稀土浸出的适宜条件为:45%HNO3、60℃、液固比2.5、浸出时间90min,此条件下重稀土浸出率达99%、萃取率98.5%、总回收率可达97.5%,磷矿的分解率均大于98%。