自体外周血造血干细胞和自体骨髓移植治疗急性髓性白血病的临床疗效比较研究

目的：比较自体外周血干细胞移植（APBSCT）与自体骨髓移植治疗CR1期急性髓性白血病（AML）的临床疗效。方法：用APBSCT治疗AML患者27例，用非净化自体骨髓移植（ABMT）治疗AML患者13例，用净化自体骨髓移植（PABMT）治疗AML患者25例。结果：（1）APBSCT组造血重建校其他两组显著加快；（2）APBSCT组的3年无病生存率（DFS）和复发率（RR）分别为51．％和42．2％，与ABMT组的46．2％、46．7％相当，但与净化ABMT组的72．9％、23．7％相比差异有显著性意义。（3）三组的移植相关死亡率（TRM）差异无显著性意义，死亡的主要原因为感染和内脏出血。结论：APBSCT治疗CR1期AML，其造血重建显著快于ABMT，其疗效与ABMT相当，而显著低于PABMT。     

净化及非净化自体骨髓移植治疗白血病39例临床研究

报告自体骨髓移植治疗白血病３９例，其中非净化自体骨髓移植（ＡＢＭＴ）１４例，净化自体骨髓移植（ＰＡＢＭＴ）２５例。中位年龄２８岁（１０～４３岁）。ＡＭＬ２７例，ＡＬＬ１０例，ＣＭＬ２例。ＣＲ１３１例，ＣＲ２７例，ＮＲ１例。ＣＲ至移植时间中位数６．７个月（２～１９个月）。预处理方案：ＴＢＩ加Ａｒａ－ｃ、ＤＮＲ或ＶＰ１６。ＡＢＭＴ组及ＰＡＢＭＴ组３年无病生存（ＤＦＳ）率分别为６８．３２％及６７．５７％，复发率为３０．７６％及２６．８０％。但ＰＡＢＭＴ组ＡＭＬ患者３年ＤＦＳ率为８２．３５％及ＣＲ２期移７５％３年ＤＦＳ率为７５％，明显高于ＣＲ。期移植未净化者５０％。化疗组３年ＤＦＳ率为７．３８％及复发率７６．４％，两移植组疗效优于化疗组。     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗高危恶性血液病

目的 分析HLA配型相合同胞供者异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）治疗高危恶性血液病的疗效及影响疗效的相关因素。方法 回顾性分析90例有高危因素的恶性血液病患者,其中急性髓细胞白血病（AML）43例,急性淋巴细胞性白血病（ALL）28例,急性混合细胞性白血病（AHL）2例;移植前处于第1次完全缓解期（CR1）11例,均为Ph染色体阳性,第二次及以上CR期23例,未缓解／复发39例;骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）-难治性贫血伴原始细胞增多或难治性贫血伴原始细胞增多一转化型17例。预处理方案采用全身照射加环磷酰胺（CY／TBI）方案11例,白消安加环磷酰胺方案79例。干细胞来源包括骨髓移植（BMT）27例,外周血造血干细胞移植（PBSCT）30例,BMT＋PBSCT33例;移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）预防采用经典环孢素A加短程甲氨蝶呤（MTX）。平均随访时间为15个月。结果 至随访终点,62．2％（56／90）存活,55．5％（50／90）无病存活,31．1％（28／90）复发。HSCT后预计4年累积总体生存率（OS）为45．5％,无病生存率（DFS）为34．9％。移植前处于CR、未缓解／复发和MDS患者HSCT后4年的累积0s分别为54．0％、28．2％和70．1％（P=0．027）。发生0～Ⅰ和Ⅱ～Ⅳ度GVHD的患者HSCT后的4年OS分别为57．6％和26．7％（P=0．015）,而患者性别、年龄、移植前有无脑膜白血病、预处理方案、干细胞来源均不是OS,DFS及复发的影响因素。多因素分析表明,移植前处于CR期者长期生存率明显提高,而ALL长期生存率明显低于AML／MDS。结论 对有高危因素的血液系统恶性肿瘤患者,选择allo—HSCT可使部分患者延长无病生存乃至根治。移植前处于CR期者长期生存率明显提高,ALL复发率明显高于AML／MDS。对于急性白血病挽救性治疗争取在取得CR后移植;对于MDS患者一经诊断,无需化疗,可尽早移植。     

单克隆抗体净化骨髓用于急性粒细胞白血病自身骨髓移植

大剂量化疗和/或放疗后进行骨髓移植,为在完全缓解(CR)期全部消除隐匿的白血病细胞带来了很大希望。但大多数急性粒细胞白血病(AML)患者由于无 HLA 相配的供体,或年龄过大(>45岁),致使同种骨髓移植无法进行,用自身骨髓移植(ABMT)可克服这些困难。为增加 ABMT 治疗作用,本文报道用单克隆抗体净化骨髓,对 AML 病人进行 ABMT治疗的结果。病人和方法 AML30例,年龄11～53岁。除1例由骨髓增生异常综合征转为 AML 外,其余29例开始     

急性粒细胞白血病初次缓解后进行强化治疗与自体骨髓移植的随机对照研究

目前预防急性粒细胞白血病（AML）初次缓解后复发的方法共有三种：有合适供体的患者可接受异基因造血干细胞移植，其他患者可以接受强化治疗或自体骨髓移植（ABMT），本实验旨在比较后两者的疗效。病人和方法1820例随机分为两组，在诱导期分别用DAT方案（柔红霉素加阿糖胞音加硫鸟源吟）或ADE方案（阿糖胞着加柔红霉素加依托泊甙）化疗，各两个疗程。另128例患者只接受一个疗程或其他化疗方案。其中未能CR的患者被除外并给予补救治疗，剩下的患者在第3个疗程接受MACE方案（安吖啶加阿糖胞苷加依托泊甙），然后采集骨髓标本（每公斤…     

自体造血干细胞移植治疗急性白血病患者143例疗效分析

目的:评价自体造血干细胞移植(AHSCT)治疗急性白血病的疗效。方法:自1986年10月～2005年3月,采用AHSCT治疗急性白血病患者143例(男83,女60),中位年龄26(9～52)岁。其中急性非淋巴细胞白血病(ANLL)76例(CR167例,CR2,CR3及复发者9例),急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)64例(CR154例,CR2及复发者10例),急性杂合性白血病CR13例。预处理方案主要包括环磷酰胺(Cy)120mg/kg+单次全身放疗(TBI)9～10Gy或马利兰(Bu)16mg/kg或马法兰(Mel)160～180mg/m2+AraC4g/m2。结果:除5例患者因移植早期发生移植相关死亡而未重建造血外,其余138例患者均重建造血。移植相关死亡22例(15.4%),AHSCT后73例生存者已中位随访93(1～203)月。急性白血病患者CR1期与≥CR2期ABMT者5年无病生存率(DFS)分别为51.8%±4.6%与26.3%±10.1%(P=0.024),累积复发率分别为38%±4.8%与49.2%±12.4%(P=0.397)。结论:为降低急性白血病复发率和提高患者无病生存率,无HLA匹配同胞供者的CR1期急性白血病患者适合进行AHSCT治疗。     

自体骨髓移植研究现状

由于同种异基因骨髓移植(Allo—BMT)受到供髓者来源的限制,自体造血干细胞移植日益受到重视。自体造血干细胞来源于骨髓或外周血,因后者含量很少,需经过特殊处理才能采集到移植所需的数量,所以临床上以自体骨髓移植(ABMT)为主。近10年来,ABMT发展极为迅速。据欧州骨髓移植协作组(EBMTG)报告,在1990年内欧洲共做了4234例骨髓移植,其中2097例为ABMT。法国、英国、意大利和德国Allo-BMT/ABMT之比分别是537/758,     

中危急性髓系白血病患者缓解后移植的策略选择

正急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)是一组起源于髓系干、祖细胞的高度异质性疾病。60岁以下的成人AML患者经联合诱导化疗后80%都可以达到完全缓解(complete remission,CR)[1-2],但对于中危AML,化疗或自体造血干细胞移植后复发率高达55%～60%,5年生存率低于30%。因此,异基因造血干细胞移植(allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transp     

自体骨髓移植结合强烈化疗治疗急性白血病疗效观察

为探讨减少自体骨髓移植（ABMT）后复发率和延长无病生存期。作者采用ABMT结合强烈化疗的方法治疗急性白血病。能列入统计的12例患者中,8例移植后已持续完全缓解19～79个月,中位数58.5个月。证明采用ABMT结合强烈化疗方法,可以减少急性白血病的复发率和延长无病生存期。     

自体造血干细胞移植治疗急性白血病的临床观察

目的：评价自体造血干细胞移植治疗急性白血病的疗效;观察多疗程中大剂量阿糖胞苷（Ara-C）治疗后外周血干细胞采集效果。方法：17例急性白血病患者行自体造血干细胞移植,其中骨髓移植4例,外周血造血干细胞移植13例,在外周血造血干细胞移植的患者中有4例在诱导和巩固治疗中采用中大剂量Ara—C2疗程或2疗程以上,观察不同组患者造血干细胞采集情况及造血重建情况,并监测患者的疗效。结果：外周血干细胞移植的患者采集的中位MNC数和中位CD34^＋细胞数明显高于骨髓组,差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）;使用中大剂量Ar〉C2疗程或2疗程以上的患者采集的中位MNC和中位CD34^＋细胞数与未使用的患者比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;外周血干细胞移植患者中性粒细胞〉0．5×10^9／L和血小板〉20×10^9／L的时间较骨髓移植患者短,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;4例患者在复发状态行自体造血干细胞移植,移植后中位生存期9．5个月,缓解期行自体造血干细胞移植的移植后中位生存期81个月,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;17例患者中位生存期（OS）84个月,中位无白血病生存期（DFS）81个月,患者3年无白血病存活率为（68．25±11．23）％。结论：自体外周血造血干细胞移植比自体骨髓移植造血重建快;2疗程或2疗程以上的中大剂量Ara-C治疗的患者仍能采集到足量的外周造血干细胞;缓解期行自体造血干细胞移植可获得较好的OS和DFS。     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.