上颌前徙术后腭咽闭合功能的临床观察

目的　临床观察评价上颌前徙术后腭咽闭合功能变化。方法　对 7例上颌发育不全患者及 3例唇腭裂继发上颌发育不全患者行LeFortI型截骨术前移上颌骨 ,术前术后行鼻咽纤维镜及发“i”音时的头颅侧位片检查 ,结合术前术后语音的评价 ,对上颌前徙术后腭咽闭合及发音的改变进行观察分析。结果　经统计学分析 ,软腭动度、腭咽闭合程度、语音清晰度等指标术前术后比较差异均无显著性。结论　患者术前腭咽闭合功能良好时 ,上颌前徙术后腭咽闭合功能无明显变化     

两种检测腭咽闭合方法的相关关系研究

为研究鼻音计和鼻咽纤维镜两种检测方法在腭咽闭合诊断上的相关关系，作者对３０名腭裂术后患者的腭咽闭合状态进行了检测。着重分析了两种检测方法间的相互关系。结果表明：在评价腭咽闭合功能时，鼻音化率值与腭咽闭合状况呈正相关关系，具有诊断意义；不同程度的腭咽闭合不全，其鼻音化率平均值不同。结果还显示了软腭、咽侧壁运动类型不同，对鼻音计图型变化无影响。证实了鼻音计在腭裂语音分析中的实用价值，为综合评价腭裂主意     

鼻咽纤维内镜和鼻音计同步检查对腭裂患者鼻音化率值影响的研究

目的探讨鼻咽纤维内镜在鼻腔的导入是否可引起腭裂患者鼻音化率值的改变,验证鼻咽纤维内镜与鼻音计同步检查腭裂患者腭咽闭合状态的可行性。方法纳入2004年8月至2010年8月北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔颌面外科收治的33例腭裂住院患者,男性24例,女性9例,平均年龄为15.3岁,比较鼻音计单独检查、鼻音计与鼻咽纤维内镜同步检查两种检查状态下患者的33个语音样本的鼻音化率值,进行配对t检验并统计分析。结果33例腭裂患者在鼻音计单独检查、鼻音计与鼻咽纤维内镜同步检查两种状态下,33个语音样本的鼻音化率值均值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论鼻音计与鼻咽纤维内镜可进行同步检查腭裂患者腭咽闭合功能,鼻咽纤维内镜定性评价腭咽闭合功能的同时得到的鼻音化率值是准确可靠的,为进一步采集不同腭咽闭合状态下鼻音化率值提供了方法学基础。     

语图仪分析系统的临床应用

目的 研究腭裂术后非腭咽闭合功能不全型异常语音的音声特征。方法 应用美国Kay－7800语图仪分析系统,对32例腭裂术后患者中腭咽闭合功能不全的异常语音语图与3例正常语音语图进行比较分析。结果 腭裂术后非腭咽闭合功能不全的异常语图表现主要有3种类型,以“噪音化”多见。结论 语图仪分析系统在腭裂术后语音功能的客观评价和语音治疗中有一定诊断价值。     

腭裂手术年龄对腭咽闭合功能影响的研究

目的通过回顾性调查,研究在不同年龄修复腭裂后腭咽闭合功能恢复的规律。方法将102例年龄在10岁以上,腭裂术后2年以上的单侧完全性唇腭裂患者,根据接受腭裂手术的年龄分为三组,A组:0~3.00岁手术组(n=37)、B组:3.01~6.00岁手术组(n=36)和C组:6.01岁以上手术组(n=29)。随访时进行鼻咽纤维镜检查,对其最大腭咽闭合程度进行等级评价。并对不同手术年龄组间的腭咽闭合程度进行统计学检验。结果统计学检验显示腭咽闭合程度在A组与B组以及A组与C组间差异有显著性(P<0.05),B组与C组间差异有显著性趋势(P=0.051)。说明0~3.00岁接受腭裂修复术患者术后腭咽闭合功能的恢复要明显优于3.01岁以上接受腭裂修复术的患者,而3.01~6.00岁接受腭裂修复术患者术后腭咽闭合功能的恢复要优于6.01岁以上接受腭裂修复术的患者。结论在不同年龄进行腭裂修复术其术后腭咽闭合功能恢复的程度不同。手术年龄越小,恢复程度越好。     

651名唇腭裂患者腭咽闭合状况数字化头影测量片分析

目的：了解唇腭裂患者的腭咽闭合状况。方法：选取2011年1月～2012年7月四川大学华西口腔医院放射科拍摄的651例唇腭裂患者的数字化头影测量x线片，对患者腭咽闭合状况进行分析。结果：患者平均年龄15．59岁；腭咽闭合尚可者140例（21．51％），腭咽闭合不全者508例（78．03％），不易判断者3例（0．46％）；不同患者拍片类型不同，同时拍摄非造影静止位片和非造影发音片者最多，占总数的40．71％。结论：X线头颅侧位片对了解唇腭裂患者腭咽闭合状况有积极作用。     

腭咽闭合功能不全语音清晰度评价

目的　研究腭咽闭合功能不全患者的语音清晰度。方法　 10 0例腭咽闭合功能不全患者 ,其中 15例为腭裂 ,2 1例为先天性腭咽闭合不全 ,5 6例为腭裂术后腭咽闭合不全 ,8例为咽成形术后腭咽闭合不全 ,对照组为 32名健康人。 3名语音专业人员共同评价汉语语音清晰度 ,并且分析语音障碍和语音清晰度的关系。结果　健康组的语音清晰度为 99 0 % ,腭咽闭合功能不全组为35 5 % ,其中未手术腭裂组为 19 9% ,先天性腭咽闭合不全为 32 8% ,腭裂术后腭咽闭合不全为4 0 3% ,咽成形术后腭咽闭合不全为 35 2 % ,统计分析显示健康组和病例组各类型之间差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　①腭咽闭合功能不全异常语音的语音清晰度差 ,并伴过度鼻音 ;②腭咽闭合不全异常语音中 ,腭裂患者的语音清晰度最低 ,其余依次为先天性腭咽闭合不全、咽成形术后腭咽闭合不全和腭裂术后腭咽闭合不全     

同步检查中鼻咽纤维镜对鼻音计影响的研究

目的 通过对鼻音计单独检查及鼻音计与鼻咽纤维镜同步检查两种检查状态下语音样本鼻音化率值的对比研究,探讨同步检查鼻咽纤维镜对鼻音计测量结果的影响.方法 对10名正常成人进行鼻音计单独检查以及鼻音计与鼻咽纤维镜同步检查,计算两种状态33个语音样本的鼻音化率值,进行统计学处理检验其显著性差异情况.结果 统计结果显示两种检查状态下的33个语音样本的鼻音化率值没有显著性差异.结论 同步检查鼻咽纤维镜对鼻音计测量结果没有显著性影响,鼻音计与鼻咽纤维镜可以同时进行腭咽闭合功能的生理及解剖形态评价.     

唇腭裂患者上颌骨牵引成骨术后口鼻腔共鸣的变化

目的:通过研究行颅外支架式上颌骨牵引成骨术(rigidexternaldistraction,RED)的唇腭裂患者前后过度鼻音、过低鼻音的变化,并结合腭咽部结构功能变化、上颌骨前移幅度等因素,综合分析上颌骨RED对口鼻腔共鸣的影响。方法:1999年至2001年行RED治疗的唇腭裂术后上颌发育不足患者21例,其中男性13例,女性8例,平均年龄15.05岁。所有患者RED手术前后语音测听、拍摄静止位及[i]位头颅定位片测量腭咽闭合功能,对检测结果行非参数检验。结果:RED术后患者过度鼻音程度显著加重。RED前61.9%患者存在过度鼻音,RED术后增至90.5%,所有患者均未出现过低鼻音。上颌骨前移幅度对患者术后过度鼻音加重程度有显著影响。患者腭咽闭合冠状收缩不全率(RVCR)和RED前的过度鼻音程度也直接影响术后的过度鼻音程度。结论:唇腭裂患者经RED前移上颌骨后,鼻腔共鸣增加,过度鼻音加重。     

130例腭裂修复术后患者的语音特点分析

目的探讨腭裂患者在腭裂修复术后的语音特点,为制定语音训练方案提供参考。方法采用汉语构音测量表对130例腭裂修复术后患者进行语音清晰度评价,分析其语音特点。结果腭裂修复术后腭咽闭合功能不全患者表现为过高鼻音、鼻漏气、口腔压力不足、代偿性构音及语音清晰度差等特点;非腭咽闭合不全患者语音清晰度较好,较多表现为腭化构音及辅音的构音错误。结论腭裂修复术后部分患者仍存在不同程度的语音问题,主要表现为共鸣障碍、声门或咽喉爆破等代偿性发音、腭化构音及辅音的构音错误等。     

不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀溶解性比较研究

目的:研究、比较不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀的溶解性和表面微观形态改变,为临床使用提供依据.方法:将3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)及GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)分别在人工唾液中浸泡30 d,冷热循环15000次,烘干测重,比较前后质量变化,计算溶解率,并用扫描电镜观察表面微观改变.结果:不同剂型的玻璃离子水门汀溶解率由高到低分别为3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型).3种玻璃离子水门汀经浸泡溶解后,SEM扫描表面微观形态可观察到GE玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)表面形态改变较少,其他2组玻璃离子水门汀表面微观改变较多.结论:双糊剂型玻璃离子水门汀理化性能及溶解率均低于传统水粉剂型,是未来临床修复治疗的的良好选择.     

Evidence of the validity of a model of determinants of quality of restorative dental care

A model describing the relationship between self-reported quality of restorative dentistry and dentist characteristics for 119 Montana general dentists is presented. The best predictors formed a significant model explaining 22% of the variance of the quality measure. Results are contrasted with a previous estimation of the model for 102 Washington general practitioners. Evidence for the external validity of the model is presented.     

Design of clinical trials of traditional therapies of periodontitis

The present paper on the design of clinical trials of periodontal therapy first addresses the issue of the etiology of periodontal disease. It is suggested that most if not all forms of destructive periodontal disease are caused by microorganisms and that there are different forms of disease with different microbial etiologies. The progressive nature of destructive periodontal disease is subsequently discussed and it is emphasized that, in a given patient, periodontal sites which show signs of inflammation and attachment loss may not over a period of several months and years show further sign of attachment loss. The present methods of assessing periodontal disease do not allow us to discriminate between potentially active and inactive sites in untreated patients. The significance and variability of indicators of periodontal disease such as bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level measurements are discussed. The errors inherent in the various measurements are analyzed and suggestions are presented describing how alterations in any of the above parameters could be identified and presented in a clinical trial. Of concern for the statistical analysis of clinical data of periodontal disease is the definition of the "experimental unit". For a number of years, the "experimental unit" in periodontal trials was the patient. It is clear, however, that different sites within the same individual show different patterns of disease progression and lesion morphology and often respond differently to periodontal therapy. Statistical analyses must consequently be designed which recognize differences in site-to-site infection and lesion morphology within a common host. Until such analyses are available, the investigator should be wary of pooling data within the same individual, since such pooling may obscure meaningful alternatives which may take place in individual periodontal sites. Some goals of periodontal therapy are subsequently identified. 4 goals are discussed more in detail, namely: to establish conditions which will allow the patient to maintain a dentition without further breakdown of the periodontium; to reduce pocket depth to establish an anatomy in the dentogingival region which with proper maintainance care will prevent the re-establishment of the subgingival infection; to gain attachment as a result of treatment; to assess the effect of a certain chemotherapeutic agent on periodontal disease.     

Experimental evidence of formation of imines in the course of reduction of hydrazones

The reduction of hydrazones is generally suggested to proceed through a reductive cleavage of the nitrogen–nitrogen bond followed by a reduction of the carbon–nitrogen bond. This sequence of reduction processes is here supported for fluorenone (V) and benzophenone (VI) hydrazones as well as by a comparison of the reduction of fluorenone and benzophenone hydrazonium ions (I,III) with corresponding imines (II,IV). Another proof of the presence of imines as intermediates is the splitting of four-electron waves of hydrazones V and VI and hydrazonium ions I and VIII into two waves at pH < 2. This has been interpreted as due to differences in slopes dE_1/2/dpH and pK_a-values of protonated hydrazine derivatives on one side and corresponding imines on the other. In this pH-range imines formed in reductions of VI and VIII are reduced in a single two-electron wave, those of I and V in two one-electron steps. Fluorenone imine (II) is sufficiently stable to allow recording of time-independent current–voltage curves between pH 6 and 11. In this pH-range the imine (II) is reduced in two one-electron steps. Benzophenone imine (IV) has been found stable between pH 4.6 and 12. At pH 4.6–8 the reduction of the imine IV takes place in a single two-electron step, at pH 8–12 in two one-electron steps. Final proof of the initial cleavage of the N–N bond is presented by comparison with the reduction of nitrones.     

Evaluation of efficacy of chemiluminescence for diagnosis of leukoplakia

ObjectiveLeukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant disorder preceding oral cancer. Chemiluminescence has been developed as an adjunct to conventional examination for the diagnosis of these potentially malignant disorders. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of chemiluminescence in the diagnosis of leukoplakia and to compare the results with histopathological examination.Study designA total of 50 patients with leukoplakia were included from the outpatients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. These patients were subjected to conventional oral examination followed by chemiluminescent examination with Vizilite (Zila, Fort Collins, CO, USA) and biopsy for histopathological confirmation.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chemiluminescence were 93.75%, 55.56%, 78.95%, and 83.3%, respectively. The overall accuracy of chemiluminescence was 80%. A statistically significant association was observed between histopathology results and chemiluminescence results.ConclusionAlthough it is an easy, safe, minimal time consuming, and noninvasive technique, it has only adjunctive utility and it does not replace biopsy for the diagnosis of leukoplakia.     

正常青年Monson球面半径的测量研究

目的测量正常青年Monson球面半径。方法选择60名(男30名,女30名)正常青年制取全口印模,应用立体摄影成像的原理与方法对Monson球面半径进行测量和统计学处理。结果Monson球面的半径平均为10.173 cm,大于理论值10.160 cm,差异有显著性(P<0.01);男、女性球面半径差异无显著性。结论本实验所得到的数据可作为全口义齿修复中记录颌位关系的一个参量。     

正畸患者切牙影像失真发生情况分析

目的研究正畸患者曲面体层片上的切牙影像失真发生情况，并分析其原因。 方法从中山大学附属口腔医院放射科影像数据库中选取500例正畸患者的曲面体层片和头影测量侧位片，所有曲面体层片均采用咬合杆投照，分别从切牙牙体影像放大、缩小、牙根变短、根尖模糊等评价指标分析上下颌切牙影像失真的发生情况，在头影测量侧位片上测量中切牙根尖-对颌切牙切缘的距离，探讨切牙影像失真发生的原因。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件对所得数据进行统计学检验。 结果500例患者中，切牙牙体影像正常者共417例，切牙牙体影像失真者共83例，影像失真发生率16.6%，其中切牙牙体影像放大17例、牙体影像缩小0例、牙根变短30例，牙根影像变短伴模糊36例。影像失真患者的根尖-切缘距离大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F = 5 187.18，P = 0）；影像失真患者的覆盖值大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F>477，P = 0）。 结论严重牙颌面畸形如反 、深覆盖是导致曲面体层片的切牙影像失真的主要原因之一。     

颌骨动静脉畸形的栓塞治疗

目的：总结直接穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静脉静脉畸形的经验。方法：收治凳骨动静脉畸形患者6例,均进行了介入栓塞治疗。采用的栓塞材料为附凝血棉纤毛的螺圈,聚乙烯醇泡沫微粒和二氰基丙烯酸对丁酯。数字减影颈动脉造影在PHILIPSV300下完成。结果6例颌骨动静脉畸形患者中4,例急性出血得到了快速、有效控制,1例慢性渗血的右下 骨动静脉畸形患者,介入栓塞治疗,拔除松动的右下凳第一磨牙,有效地控制了出血,另1例伴局部软组织搏动性膨隆的上凳骨动静脉畸形患者,介入治疗后膨隆的搏动性得到明显改善,栓塞治疗后分别随访3－24个月,均未发现有口腔内渗血或出血。随访的X线片上,病灶区可见新骨形成。结论：局部穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静畸形是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

Electrodeposition of bilayers of dithiols

We report an electrochemical method to form a bilayer of dithiol. The cyclic voltammogram of the oxidative deposition of an aromatic dithiol on gold from an alkaline aqueous solution reveals two current peaks separated by more than 400 mV. The integrated charge of the oxidative current peak (B) at the most positive potential is twice that of the other oxidative current peak (A). These two oxidative current peaks were characterized by differential capacitance and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) measurements. A decrease of the capacity by a factor of two, and an increase of the EQCM frequency change by a factor of two were observed when the potential was scanned from a value where only the first oxidative peak (A) is obtained, to a potential where both oxidative current peaks (A and B) are obtained. Infrared spectra show that the aromatic dithiols adsorb vertically at potentials corresponding to the current peak A and they become tilted for potentials corresponding to the current peak B. The simple relationships between the properties of the two oxidative current peaks are found to be compatible with a step-wise oxidative deposition of a bilayer of dithiol.