急性冠脉综合征病人aVL导联T波倒置预测左前降支中段病变的临床意义

目的研究急性冠脉综合征(ACS)病人心电图aVL导联T波倒置与左前降支中段病变的关系。方法将241例ACS病人按照入院心电图aVL导联T波形态分为T波倒置组(95例)和T波非倒置组(146例),比较两组临床资料以及冠状动脉病变情况。分析T波倒置对左前降支中段病变的预测价值。结果T波倒置组左前降低中段狭窄程度明显高于T波非倒置组(P<0.01)。多元Logistic回归分析显示,左前降低中段狭窄程度是aVL导联T波倒置的独立危险因素[OR=1.028,95%CI(1.019,1.036),P<0.01];一致性检验中,aVL导联T波倒置预测AMI病人左前降低中段狭窄程度≥50%与冠状动脉造影呈中等程度相关(Kappa=0.558,P<0.01)。结论aVL导联T波倒置与左前降支中段狭窄相关,可作为预测左前降支中段病变的方法之一。     

心电图avL导联T波改变对判断左前降支前中段阻塞的预示意义

目的探讨急性冠状动脉综合征中心电图av L导联T波改变对判断左前降支前中段阻塞的预示意义。方法经信息科检索中国医科大学附属盛京医院滑翔院区2009年1月至2010年7月因急性冠状动脉综合征入院并行冠状动脉造影的194例患者,其平均年龄为65岁,男140例,查阅其造影记录及心电图,按av L导联T波形态分为倒置组与非倒置组,通过Logistic回归分析av L导联T波与冠状动脉病变之间的关系。结果与av L导联T波非倒置组相比,T波倒置组的前降支中段狭窄程度更高(P0.05)。T波倒置与前降支中段血管狭窄程度独立相关(P0.05)。结论急性冠状动脉综合征中av L导联T波倒置与左前降支前中段阻塞独立相关,可作为预测左前降支前中段阻塞方法之一。     

aVR T波形态在评估急性冠状动脉综合征三支病变患者左心功能中的意义

目的研究急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)三支病变患者心电图aVR导联T波形态预测左心功能变化的意义。方法160名冠状动脉造影明确的ACS三支病变患者按照入院心电图aVR导联T波形态分为T波直立组(72例)和T波倒置组(88例),比较两组一般资料、左心功能、冠状动脉病变及临床结局情况。结果与T波倒置组比较,T波直立组左心室射血分数(LVEF)较低,LVEF<50%占比、血清N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、Gensini评分、Syntax评分及Syntax≥23分占比较高,两组比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T波直立组较倒置组使用升压药患者例数更多、平均住院时间更长(均P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析显示,aVR T波直立与LVEF呈负相关,与Gensini及Syntax评分、NT-proBNP、住院时长呈正相关(均P<0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析示,aVR导联T波直立与LVEF(OR=0.974,95%CI:1.007~1.030,P<0.05)独立相关。结论ACS三支病变患者中,aVR导联T波直立患者较T波倒置患者具有更低的LVEF值与较差的临床结局,aVR T波直立可评估ACS三支病变患者左心功能情况。     

左冠状动脉异常起源于肺动脉的心电图特点及术后转归

目的:探讨左冠状动脉异常起源于肺动脉的心电图诊断特点和术后异常Q波变化。方法:收集我院心脏外科2006-01至2011-12实施左冠状动脉异常起源于肺动脉手术患儿12例,分为婴儿组(≤1岁,n=6)和儿童组(>1岁且≤5岁,n=6),对术前12例心电图和术后存活9例异常Q波的12个月随访结果进行分析。心电图主要分析:①Ⅰ、aVL导联异常Q波和T波倒置;②V4～6导联异常Q波和ST-T改变;③左心室肥厚;④术后Ⅰ、aVL、V4～6导联异常Q波变化。超声心动图观察左心室收缩功能变化。结果:两组在Ⅰ、aVL导联异常Q波和T波倒置、V4～6导联ST-T改变出现率均很高,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术前婴儿组V4～6导联异常Q波出现率明显高于儿童组(P<0.05);术后1、6、12个月随访,儿童组异常Q波缓解程度明显高于婴儿组(P<0.05),婴儿组左心室收缩功能改善明显。结论:小儿心电图Ⅰ、aVL导联异常Q波和T波倒置是诊断左冠状动脉异常起源于肺动脉的重要依据,V4～6导联异常Q波是婴儿型与儿童型鉴别的重要依据。对小婴儿早期实施外科手术,有利于异常Q波得到缓解、最终消失及左心功能改善。     

青年患者不稳定性心绞痛T波伪改善并T波记忆现象一例

1例 2 8岁男性不稳定性心绞痛患者 ,静息心电图示Ⅰ、aVL、Ⅴ1 ～Ⅴ4 导联的T波倒置 ,心绞痛发作心电图示Ⅰ、aVL、Ⅴ1 ～Ⅴ4 导联的T波直立 ,Ⅴ1 ～Ⅴ4 导联ST段抬高 ,冠状动脉造影术发现前降支起始部及中段 2处狭窄 ,分别为 80 %～ 90 %、70 %。介入治疗术后心绞痛缓解 ,但术后 1周心电图与术前无明显变化。 1月后心电图完全恢复正常。考虑该病例有如下特点 :发病年龄轻、T波伪改善及T波记忆现象。     

第57课急性冠状动脉综合征、肺栓塞和应激性心肌病T波倒置的差异(英文)

<正>T波倒置是非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)常见的心电图表现。特别是胸导联T波倒置,提示左前降支(LAD)明显狭窄导致的左心室前壁严重缺血。然而,这种心电图变化也常见于急性肺栓塞(APE)患者,特别是那些有不良后果危险的患者。此外,应激性心肌病(TC)是新近发现的新型心脏综合征,特征表现为新发的心电图异常(ST段抬高,     

冠状动脉成形术对左前降支病变引起的不稳定型心绞痛患者心电图改变的影响

冠状动脉左前降支近端严重狭窄引起的不稳定型心绞痛患者,其 ECG 常呈对称性T 波倒置,药物治疗效果不佳,而经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA)成功率较高,近期生存率有所改善,但长期疗效尚待评估。本文报告一组左前降支狭窄呈 T 波倒置的不稳定型心绞痛患者经 PTCA 后,平均随访二年的临床、ECG 和冠状动脉造影结果。方法本文研究的102例患者均为不稳定型心绞痛。其中男性68例、女性34例。年龄34岁到76岁。其 ECG 表现为Ⅰ、aVL、V_(1-6)。导联中两个或两个以上导联呈对称性     

左冠状动脉起源于肺动脉患儿的心电图分析

目的探讨心电图对左冠状动脉起源于肺动脉的临床诊断价值。方法回顾性分析32例左冠状动脉起源于肺动脉患儿的心电图。结果27例患儿在I、aVL、V5、V6导联出现异常Q波,23例患儿在I、aVL、V5、V6导联出现不同程度ST段下移、28例患儿在I、aVL、V5、V6导联出现不同程度T波倒置,11例有左心室肥大的表现。结论患儿尤其是早期出现心衰的婴幼儿,如果心电图出现I、aVL、V5、V6导联异常Q波和ST段下移、T波倒置及左心室肥大,高度提示左冠状动脉起源于肺动脉的可能。     

PTCA过程中12导联心电图记录——“对应性”改变的分析

本文用冠状动脉成形术患者作为暂时性心肌缺血的人体模型,以评价“对应性”ST 段压低和 T 波改变的心电图特点及其意义。在20例患者(其中19例为单支血管病变)冠脉成形术前及术中连续记录12导联心电图。在14例左前降支阻塞的患者中有12例Ⅰ、aVL 和至少2个胸前导联呈缺血性改变(T 波高尖和/或 ST 段抬高)。而且至少有2个下壁导联呈“对应性”改变(ST 段压低和/或 T 波倒置)。1例患者在 V_4—V_6导联出现 ST 段压低但不伴有下壁导联的心电图改变。而另1例患者唯一的心电图改变是下壁导联的 ST 段压低伴有 T 波的部分倒置。在6例右冠脉阻塞患者中有4例至少2个下壁导联呈缺     

不稳定性心绞痛心电图预测左前降支病变部位的价值

目的 探讨12导联常规心电图表现在预测冠状动脉(冠脉)左前降支(LAD)病变部位中的价值.方法 选择临床诊断为不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)患者70例,冠脉造影结果显示罪犯血管为LAD.入院后完成12导联常规心电图检查,监测心肌损伤标志物变化,择期行冠脉造影术.分析UAP患者胸痛时心电图表现与LAD病变部位的关系.结果 96.7%的LAD近段狭窄患者,V3导联ST段压低伴V1、V2导联T波低平或倒置;7.5%的LAD中段狭窄患者,V3导联有相同改变(P＜0.05).V4导联ST-T段改变差异有显著性(P＜0.05);V5、V6导联ST-T段改变差异无显著性(P＞0.05).经多因素logistic回归分析显示,V3导联ST段压低是否伴V1、V2导联T波低平或倒置对LAD病变部位有明显的独立预测价值[OR(95%CI)为33.119),P＜0.001].结论 UAP患者胸痛时,12导联常规心电图表现可以用于初步判定LAD近段或中段狭窄部位.     

Grading the angiographic extent of collateral filling

Angiography frequently demonstrates a collateral circulation in severe coronary artery disease. An easily applicable method to quantify collateral flow might be a useful adjunct for the assessment of the hemodynamic effects of coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to validate a visual scaling of the extent of angiographic collateral filling by comparison with flowmeter- and microsphere-derived measurements of collateral flow. In 12 open-chest dogs, collaterals from the circumflex artery were angiographically visualized (n = 80) by creating acute critical left anterior descending artery occlusion. The extent of collateral filling was graded in four levels from 0 = no visible filling to 3 = complete epicardial filling. Collateral filling correlated with the change in flow of the collateral supplying circumflex artery (Q; r = 0.84) which was + 5.3 ±4.6% with grade 1, + 9.1 ±3.5% with grade 2 and + 14.6 ±4.7% with grade 3 (p < 0.01). In parallel, coronary flow reserve decreased from 4.1 ±0.8 with grade 0 to 2.9 ±0.2 with grade 3 (p < 0.01). Colored microspheres were injected subselectively into the circumflex artery of 9 dogs (45 injections). The ratio of microspheres counted in the collateralized myocardium of the left anterior descending artery to the total number injected increased from 0.6 ±0.9% for grade 0 to 17.1 ±2.8% with grade 3 (p < 0.01). Absolute collateral flow derived from microsphere counts averaged 5.5 ±0.9 ml/min with grade 3 and closely correlated with collateral filling grade (r = 0.88). Semiquantitative grading of angiographic collateral filling in response to acute coronary occlusion in a canine model correlates with an increase in collateral source artery flow, absolute collateral flow and a decrease in source artery flow reserve. These data suggest that this scale might be a simple but useful adjunct tool to assess the hemodynamic significance of a collateral circulation.This work was supported by a grant from the NLHBI 1 R01 HL40865. Dr. Schuhlen is the recipient of a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (#Schu657/1-1 and 1–2).     

Provisional T-stenting and kissing balloon in the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions: results of the French multicenter "TULIPE" study.

BACKGROUND: In previous prospective studies, a strategy of (a) stenting of the main branch, (b) provisional T-stenting of the side branch, and (c) final kissing balloon inflation, was associated with high success and low target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates on the long-term. OBJECTIVES: To examine the performance of this strategy in a multicenter study. METHODS: Consecutive patients were treated at 14 French medical centers for de novo coronary bifurcation lesions with the same technique used. Immediate results and clinically-driven TLR at 7 months were examined. RESULTS: The mean reference diameters of the main and side branches were 3.2 +/- 0.6 mm and 2.4 +/- 0.5 mm, respectively. The side branch was stented in 34% of patients. A <30% residual stenosis in the main branch was achieved in 99%, <50% in the side branch in 90%, and both in 89% of procedures. The in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular event were a Q-wave and 5 non-Qwaves MI (0.54% and 2.7%). At 7 months of follow-up, 3 patients (1.76%) had died, 1 suffered a non-Q-wave MI (0.59%), and 28 (15.88%) underwent TLR. By multivariate analysis, a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (OR: 0.934), moderate calcifications (OR: 7.86), and non-use of the "jailed" wire technique (OR: 4.26) were associated with reinterventions during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A strategy of provisional T-stenting with a tubular stent and final kissing balloon angioplasty for the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions was safe and associated with a low TLR rate at 7 months. This strategy should be applicable to the new era of drug eluting stents.     

Embolization complicating coronary angioplasty in the presence of an intracoronary thrombus

Two cases of coronary occlusion and subsequent embolization during percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA) are described. Prior to PTCA, angiographic evidence of intracoronary thrombus was present. Abrupt reclosure after dilation was treated by successful redilation. However, coronary embolization of thrombus debris occurred downstream in one patient and into an adjacent coronary branch in the second patient.     

Angiographic demonstration of coronary sinus thrombosis: A potential consequence of trauma to the coronary sinus

Abnormalities of the coronary sinus are rarely encountered. A case is presented demonstrating for the first time the angiographic appearance of coronary sinus thrombosis. This may have been the result of surgical trauma during mitral valve replacement or inadvertent cannulation of the coronary sinus during right heart catheterization or pacemaker insertion. Although the clinical significance of coronary sinus thrombosis is uncertain, obstruction of coronary sinus blood flow should not be deleterious because of multiple anastomoses between the coronary sinus system and the anterior cardiac veins. Difficulty in cannulating the coronary sinus for physiologic studies should suggest the possibility of coronary sinus thrombosis, especially in patients who have undergone mitral valve replacement. This may be confirmed by observing the venous phase of selective left coronary arteriography. Finally, coronary sinus thrombosis may be important as a source of pulmonary emboli. The prevalence of this serious complication requires further study.     

Treatment of ruptured coronary aneurysm with a novel covered stent

Coronary artery aneurysms are relatively rare but have been diagnosed with increasing frequency since the advent of coronary arteriography. Their reported incidence varies from 1.5% to 5% with male dominance and a predilection for the right coronary artery (RCA), accounting for over 40% of all cases. The most common etiology amongst adults remains atherosclerosis accounting for 50% of coronary aneurysms. We describe the first use of a novel flexible pericardium covered stent for successful treatment of a ruptured coronary aneurysm in 76 year old lady. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Concept of the homemade coronary stent: Experimental results and initial clinical experience

To defray the escalating cost of coronary stenting, we handmade a balloon expandable coil stent with stainless steel wire. Preliminary comparison with the Palmaz-Schatz stent showed that, when implanted in porcine illac arteries, there was no difference in immediate angiographic results or in the degree of foreign body reaction at 6 wk. Subsequently, a total of 73 stents were implanted in 52 patients, either as a bailout device (54%) or for suboptimal angiographic results (46%). All but two implantations were successful. The postprocedural regimen consisted of heparin 1,000 IU/hr, aspirin 250 mg daily, and ticlopidine 500 mg daily. In-hospital complications were limited to two groin hematomas, one necessitating blood transfusion. Importantly, stent thrombosis was not observed. While 6-mo follow-up is pending, we already conclude that a balloon expandable coil stent can be handmade easily at low cost and implanted safely in patients. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Terminology and anatomy of angulated coronary arteriography

Angulated views in coronary arteriography have been increasingly utilized because of their superiority in demonstrating lesions not well seen in standard right and left oblique projections. The importance of these angulated views has been repeatedly demonstrated. It is the purpose of this article to review some basic coronary anatomy angulation terminology, and then to describe the particular advantages of the angulated views in coronary arteriography. Illustrations of these particular views of both coronary systems will be provided.     

Nonatherosclerotic causes of coronary artery narrowing—Part II

Part II of this three-part article on nonatherosclerotic causes of coronary heart disease focuses on myocardial bridges, coronary artery aneurysms, emboli, coronary dissection, and spasm as causes of luminal narrowing.     

Coronary artery-left ventricular communications: A report of two cases and review of the literature

Two patients with chest pain had angiographically-demonstrated communications between the three coronary arteries and the left ventricular chamber. Communications between coronary arteries and the left ventricle are unusual and communications between all three coronary arteries and the left ventricle are rare. These anomalies are, however, commonly associated with symptoms of chest pain. The presence of left ventricular hypertrophy and a widened pulse pressure may suggest a greater hemo-dynamic effect of the shunt flow than often suspected angiographically.     

Association of coronary calcification with obstructive disease in coronary arteries in Indian patients

A total of 1150 consecutive patients (1052 males and 98 females; age 51.2 +/- 10.1 years) with suspected coronary artery disease (Group I) were subjected to fluoroscopy for detection of coronary artery calcification (CAC) and coronary angiography. Another group (Group II) of 120 patients (95 males and 25 females; age 51.4 +/- 9.4 years) catheterized for cardiac diseases other than coronary artery disease (CAD) were subjected to the same protocol of fluoroscopy and coronary angiography to exclude incidental CAD in view of their age. CAC was present in 240 patients (20.0%) in Group I. Of these, 200 (83.4%) had triple-vessel disease (TVD); 20 (8.3%) had double-vessel disease (DVD); 19 (7.9%) had single-vessel disease (SVD); and 37 (15.4%) patients had left main coronary disease (LMCAD). Only one of these patients had insignificant CAD considered as "normal" coronary arteries (NC). Incidence of LMCAD, TVD, DVD, SVD, and NC in patients without CAC was 4.4%, 56.3%, 18.2%, 14.0%, and 11.5%, respectively. Incidence of CAC in patients with LMCAD, TVD, DVD, SVD, and NC was 48.1%, 28.1%, 10.8%, 13.0%, and 1.0% respectively. In Group II (n = 120), 24 patients (20%) had CAD, CAC was present in 5 patients with CAD (20.9%), and in two patients without CAD (2%). CAC is relatively uncommon in Indian CAD patients. Its presence, however, indicates severe multivessel disease.