基于人文精神与质量安全的美国护理教育

美国作为世界上最发达的国家,护理教育已经发展出一套十分成熟的体系,在全球护理领域都发挥着重要角色,综观美国护理教育体系及其教育理念,其所展示出的人文精神与质量安全等理念值得我们借鉴。该文介绍了美国的护理教育历史、教育体系,以及塑造人文精神为核心的教育理念,以提升护理质量与安全为根本的教育目标,并总结了美国护理教育对中国护理教育的启示,认为中国应转变护理教育理念,注重护理沟通能力的培养、重视护理质量与安全教育、加强护理伦理和人文精神教育、大力发展老年护理教育及发展国际化的护理教育。     

Integrating quality and safety education into clinical nursing education through a dedicated education unit

The Institute of Medicine and American Association of Colleges of Nursing are calling for curriculum redesign that prepares nursing students with the requisite knowledge and skills to provide safe, high quality care. The purpose of this project was to improve nursing students' knowledge of quality and safety by integrating Quality and Safety Education for Nurses into clinical nursing education through development of a dedicated education unit. This model, which pairs nursing students with front-line nursing staff for clinical experiences, was implemented on a medical floor in an acute care hospital. Prior to implementation, nurses and students were educated about the dedicated education unit and quality and safety competencies. During each clinical rotation, students collaborated with their nurses on projects related to these competencies.Students' knowledge was assessed using questions related to quality and safety. Students who participated in the dedicated education unit had higher scores than those with traditional clinical rotations. Focus groups were held mid-semester to assess nurses' perceptions of the experience. Five themes emerged from the qualitative data including thirsting for knowledge, building teamwork and collaboration, establishing trust and decreasing anxiety, mirroring organization and time management skills, and evolving confidence in the nursing role.     

Incorporating quality and safety education into a nursing administration curriculum

The Quality and Safety Education for Nursing initiative is aimed at developing student competences in quality and safety. Because practicing nurses have not been exposed to this initiative, nurse leaders must be aware of these competencies to develop these competencies in existing staff members. This article provides a roadmap to curriculum development in a nursing administration graduate program focused on quality and safety.     

Incorporating cultural safety in nursing education

The Tsawout First Nation and the University of Victoria entered into an innovative reciprocal partnership to seek ways to increase the number of aboriginal health care professionals, particularly nurses, and to develop a nursing curriculum that is culturally safe. This article describes the pilot project as it unfolded and demonstrates many CRNBC Professional Standards that faculty and students met along the way.     

Integration of quality and safety competencies in undergraduate nursing education: A faculty development approach

Graduate nursing competencies in quality and patient safety should be integrated into theoretical and experiential learning using active, student-centered methodologies, and threaded through multiple nursing courses. A series of workshops designed to provide quality and safety content and innovative teaching techniques to faculty based on goals of the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) Faculty Development Institute were developed. Post-workshop survey results found a significant self-reported change in course design with a focus on the integration of QSEN competencies.     

护理安全教育在护理技术操作教学中的应用

目的探讨护理安全教育在护理技术操作教学中的应用。方法将2009年12月至2010年6月新入职的60名护理人员分为观察组和对照组各30名,对照组采用传统教学培训考核方法,观察组在对照组的基础上实施护理安全教育,比较2组护士对教学方法的评价、1年后的考核成绩及护理不良事件的发生率。结果观察组的护士认为通过教学提高了发现、分析、解决护理安全问题的能力,与对照组相比差异显著。2组的理论考核成绩差异无统计学意义。但观察组的技能考核成绩显著高于对照组,护理不良事件的发生率显著低于对照组。结论护理安全教育有利于提高护士对护理安全的预见能力,提高职业素质,确保患者住院安全。     

加强护理教育中人文素质的教育

阐述了人文、人文素质、人文精神的涵义，分析了目前护理教育中人文素质教育存在的问题，提出通过优化课程体系、改革教学方法、提高护理教师自身的人文素质及完善教学质量评价体系等多种途径来加强护理人文素质教育。     

Answering the call for quality nursing care and patient safety: a new model for nursing education

Current discussion on the need to dramatically change nursing education and practice is based on clear concerns about the changing nature of healthcare. The increasingly complex healthcare system of our nation provides sophisticated interventions yet concerns about quality persist. A new model of education and practice is proposed and this model is being implemented through a groundbreaking partnership to prepare a master's educated, entry-level, generalist nursing clinician to lead and guide care at the point of care. The competencies associated with this new clinician are discussed and future implications for evaluation and monitoring are shared.     

加强护理教育中人文素质的教育

阐述了人文、人文素质、人文精神的涵义,分析了目前护理教育中人文素质教育存在的问题,提出通过优化课程体系、改革教学方法、提高护理教师自身的人文素质及完善教学质量评价体系等多种途径来加强护理人文素质教育.     

Current assessment of patient safety education

The purpose of this literature review was to examine current evidence on how student nurses and nursing faculty members perceived the integration of patient safety education in preregistration/undergraduate nursing training. Databases searched from January 2000 to April 2011 included CINAHL, PsycINFO, British Nursing Index, PubMed, AMED, Academic Science, Midline, Cochrane Library Database, Web of Knowledge, Ovid Nursing Database, Wiley Online Library and Science Direct. In total, 77 articles were initially found, although only 15 were included in the author's review. Of these, 5 papers were research-based articles that examined aspects of patient safety education in undergraduate/pre-registration nursing training, and 9 papers were literature review and discussion based, which provided insight into the experience, assessment, evaluation or implementation of patient safety education curriculum in nursing education. The author's literature review highlights the continuing lack of research on patient safety education in undergraduate/preregistration nursing training and, in particular, outlines areas in nursing education which need to be addressed to develop patient-safety-friendly nursing curricula.     

The relationship among multiple assessments of nursing education outcomes.

Three internal and three external outcome measures generated data for this longitudinal study. The internal outcome measures were nursing GPA, nonnursing GPA, and clinical evaluations of students during eight clinical rotations. The external evaluations were NCLEX scores, the graduates' self-rating of their competency in meeting program objectives, and their immediate supervisors' ratings on the identical competency rating scale. Data analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients revealed significant correlations among all internal measures of academic outcomes with one external measure, the NCLEX score. There was no correlation between any nursing measure of outcome and the supervisor's ratings. There was a modest correlation between the supervisors' rating and the nonnursing GPA. The faculty clinical evaluation was the only significant correlation found between the alumni rankings and any other measure of outcome. There was no correlation between the supervisors' and the graduates' ratings.     

国外护理质量和护理安全研究文献回顾

随着《护士条例》的颁布,人们在关注护士地位、待遇及护理质量对患者疗效和疾病恢复的影响的同时．也更加关注护理质量和安全问题。国外在此方面研究较多,国内也逐渐开始重视护理质量与护理安全问题的研究。现将国外有关此类研究的文献回顾如下。     

医院护理质量评价现状调查研究

目的探讨医院护理质量评价的状况。方法运用典型调查法和问卷调查法对30个病区(护理单元)护理质量评价情况进行调查。结果应用临床护理安全评价指标体系能产生高质量的护理效果,并能体现较高护理安全水平和医院护理管理水平。结论应以持续质量改进为目标,设立护理质量评价指标体系,指导护理管理人员对临床护理安全质量进行监控与评价,为病人营造安全的环境,为护理人员提供临床护理安全的有效方法和实践依据。