经股骨颈开槽死骨刮除、按压力骨小梁方向植骨治疗股骨头坏死35例疗效观察

目的观察经股骨颈开槽死骨刮除并按压力骨小梁方向植骨治疗股骨头坏死（ONFH）的疗效。方法将68例（75髋）ONFH患者随机分为观察组35例（38髋）和对照组33例（37髋）,两组均行经股骨颈开槽死骨刮除,观察组按照压力骨小梁方向进行植入支撑骨块,对照组按照颈干角方向植入支撑骨块。术后随访19～28个月（平均24个月）,观察两组临床疗效和髋关节功能。结果观察组治疗未塌陷率为84.2%,对照组为62.2%,P〈0.01;观察组Harris评分优良率为89.5%,对照组为62.2%,P〈0.01。结论经股骨颈开槽死骨刮除并按压力骨小梁方向植骨治疗ONFH能增强股骨头内的支撑强度,稳定股骨头的应力环境,有利于坏死修复,可有效预防ONFH塌陷。     

miRNA在股骨头坏死修复过程中的作用研究进展

股骨头坏死（ONFH）的修复过程包括骨质坏死变性、坏死骨质吸收肉芽组织长入、血管组织钙化修复三个阶段。ONFH局部病灶修复与否，直接决定着ONFH的预后和转归。miRNA是一类小的非编码RNA，具有转录后调控基因表达的功能，参与调节细胞增殖、分化、衰老、凋亡等各种细胞活动。miRNA参与ONFH修复过程中的血管形成、骨代谢、间充质干细胞的分化、炎症反应等过程，研究ONFH的发生、发展、诊断、治疗、预后具有重要意义。     

骨髓间充质干细胞治疗股骨头坏死的研究进展

股骨头坏死(osteonecrosis of femoral head,ONFH)是一种渐进性破坏髋关节功能的疾病,早期股骨头坏死如得到有效治疗,将减轻患者的痛苦,提高患者的生活质量。骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)在合适的微环境下对股骨头坏死局部有促进成骨和成血管作用,缓解或防止股骨头坏死的进一步恶化。近年来,BMSCs在股骨头坏死治疗中已经取得了令人满意的疗效,该文就当前骨科临床中使用BMSCs治疗股骨头坏死的各种方式进行综述,以期为临床治疗股骨头坏死提供指导。     

髓芯减压术治疗动脉缺血和静脉淤血所致犬股骨头坏死疗效观察

目的 观察髓芯减压术对动脉缺血和静脉淤血所致犬股骨头坏死的疗效,并进行比较.方法 将26只健康杂种犬随机分为3组,A组13只犬通过结扎股深动脉、B组13只通过结扎股深静脉制作股骨头坏死模型,均不分左右侧.每2周行犬髋部MRI检查,发现股骨头坏死后,A、B组各随机选取3只犬行髓芯减压术并分别标记为A1、B1亚组,以后各组每2周于剩余动物中选取3只行髓芯减压术分别标记为A2、A3、A4亚组及B2、B3、B4亚组,两组各留1只犬造模后不行髓芯减压术以作为病理对照.术后每2周行X片和MRI检查,比较A、B组坏死修复情况.结果 两组造模均成功,A组4周、B组8周时发现股骨头坏死,A组髓芯减压术后坏死发展趋势稍减缓,但无修复表现,其中A4亚组表现最差,接近组内病理对照犬.B组术后股骨头内混杂信号逐渐减少,有修复趋势,其中B1、B2亚组表现最佳,B4亚组稍差但强于组内病理对照.B组各亚组修复情况优于A组.结论 髓芯减压术对静脉淤血所致股骨头坏死效果良好,早期手术（4周内）效果好;对动脉缺血所致股骨头坏死效果较差.     

带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣移植治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的疗效观察

目的探讨切开复位空心钉内固定联合带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣移植术治疗不稳定青壮年股骨颈骨折的手术方法及疗效。方法对21例GardenⅢ及Ⅳ型青壮年股骨颈骨折采用切开复位空心钉内固定联合带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣移植术治疗。结果 21例全部获随访,时间2年3个月～6年,20例术后均获骨折愈合,髋关节功能恢复良好,定期复查X线片未发现股骨头坏死征象。1例晚期出现股骨头缺血坏死,行人工髋关节置换。结论切开复位空心钉内固定联合带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣移植术固定可靠,可提供股骨颈骨折后股骨头血运,促进骨折愈合,减少股骨头缺血坏死和骨不连的发生,是治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的有效方法。     

脂质代谢紊乱与激素性股骨头坏死的相关性研究进展

股骨头坏死（ ONFH ）又称缺血性股骨头坏死,分为创伤性和非创伤性两大类,非创伤性中以激素诱导的股骨头坏死最为常见,多发生于中青年人。关于激素性股骨头坏死的发病机制,一是激素对成骨细胞、骨细胞、破骨细胞的直接作用,通过抑制成骨细胞分化、增殖,促进成骨细胞、骨细胞凋亡,延长破骨细胞的生存期,最终导致骨量丢失,股骨头塌陷;二是激素的间接作用,通过促进血管内皮细胞的凋亡导致血栓形成;抑制血管内皮生长因子（ VEGF）表达使血管修复及新生血管形成障碍,影响血管收缩和舒张活性物质的表达及脂质代谢等。研究表明脂质代谢紊乱及脂质对骨内细胞的影响在激素性股骨头坏死中发挥重要作用。现对脂质代谢紊乱与激素性股骨头坏死的相关性研究进展综述如下。     

髓芯减压加钽棒植入治疗老年非创伤性股骨头坏死疗效及塌陷预测安全性

目的探讨髓芯减压加钽棒对老年非创伤性股骨头坏死的治疗效果。方法将2010年7月至2014年9月因非创伤性股骨头坏死进入该院治疗的老年患者80例,将其随机均衡分为研究组和对照组各40例,研究组采用髓芯减压加钽棒植入进行治疗,对照组采用传统髓芯减压作为治疗方式。在疗程结束后,对所有患者主要临床指标、髓关节功能状况、塌陷状况进行安全性预测对比分析。结果研究组手术时间、术中失血量、术后恢复时间以及住院时间等指标均优于对照组(P0.05);研究组优24例,良16例,优良率高达100.00%,对照组患者优13例,良15例,可12例,优良率为70.00%,两组比较差异显著(P0.05);研究组仅出现1例塌陷,对照组出现12例,两组比较差异显著(P0.05)。结论采用髓芯减压加钽棒植入治疗老年非创伤性股骨头坏死患者,疗效确切,手术创伤较小、出血量较少、手术时间较短,术后并发症少,恢复状况较好,可推广应用。     

经转子大孔径髓芯减压术对人股骨颈力学强度的影响

目的 观察经转子大孔径髓芯减压术对人股骨颈生物力学强度的影响。方法取新鲜人股骨7对,随机选取其中一侧行经转子大孔径（D=16 mm）单纯髓芯减压术,另一侧作对照。在AGS-10KND万能生物材料实验机上进行力学性能测试,观察股骨颈的力学刚度及强度。结果经转子大孔径髓芯减压后股骨颈强度及最大负载较对照股骨颈明显下降（P〈0．05）,但其最大负载〉2．75倍体质量（60kg）。结论经转子大孔径髓芯减压术会降低股骨颈的力学强度,但减压后的股骨颈强度能够提供足够的力学支撑。股骨颈力学强度下降后发生股骨颈骨折的可能性增加,临床实施该手术时可采用其他方法增强股骨颈强度或延迟负重。     

模拟翼点入路手术体位的三维DSA对颅内动脉瘤手术的指导作用

目的探讨翼点入路手术体位的三维数字减影血管造影（三维DSA）对颅内动脉瘤夹闭手术的指导意义。方法选择动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者150例,常规血管造影发现动脉瘤后,行三维血管造影,然后将图像旋转成翼点入路手术体位的三维DSA。将影像所显示的动脉瘤的大小、空间位置、动脉瘤瘤颈、动脉瘤与载瘤动脉间的关系等,与手术中所暴露的情况进行比较。结果①三维DSA显示动脉瘤的直径与术中测量相符合的有140例,符合率为93．3％（140／150）;动脉瘤与载瘤动脉的空间位置符合率为100％。②术前根据三维DSA,共选择动脉瘤夹149枚,因与术前判断不符术中更换6枚;准确率为96．0％（143／149）。③术前有49例根据三维DSA,识别出相关穿支动脉或动脉瘤的邻近血管分支,术中发现有11例患者的重要穿支动脉被遗漏;符合率为81．7％。这些动脉均在术中解剖分离动脉瘤颈时直视下给予完整保留。结论模拟翼点入路手术体位的三维DSA能够在术前较准确地提供动脉瘤局部血管的完整信息,对手术夹闭颅内动脉瘤具有很好的指导作用。     

股骨重建带锁髓内钉在股骨干合并同侧股骨颈骨折手术治疗中的应用

目的观察股骨重建带锁髓内钉在股骨于合并同侧股骨颈骨折手术治疗中的应用效果。方法采用股骨重建带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干合并同侧股骨颈骨折28例。结果本组手术时间（2．0±0．5）h,术中出血（525±245）ml;术后随访（18±9）个月,患者股骨干和股骨颈骨折均达到骨性愈合,无股骨头缺血性坏死出现,无髓内锁钉折断、松动及切口感染等并发症发生;股骨干骨折愈合时间为（6．5±1．5）个月,股骨颈骨折愈合时间为（5．4±1．3）个月。Sanders髋关节创伤后功能评分分级,结果为优25例,良好3例。结论在同侧股骨干合并同侧股骨颈骨折手术治疗中应用股骨重建带锁髓内钉,骨折愈合快,术后并发症较少。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

Results of treatment of fistula-in-ano

To evaluate the application of Parks' classification in the management of patients with fistula-in-ano, a study was undertaken to assess the outcome of surgery, especially with respect to the recurrence rate and alteration of continence. A retrospective analysis of 160 consecutive patients who were classified at the time of operation was conducted. The distribution of fistulas was as follows: intersphincteric, 41.9 percent, transsphincteric, 52.1 percent, suprasphincteric, 1.3 percent, extrasphincteric, 0. A horseshoe extension occurred in 8.8 percent of the fistulas and 3.8 percent did not exactly conform to the classification as they were either complex or combinations of more than one type of fistula. The sole immediate postoperative complication was bleeding, which occurred one week postoperatively and ceased spontaneously (0.7 percent). Alteration in continence occurred in 6 percent of patients with 2.6 percent experiencing temporary incontinence to flatus, 1.3 percent to liquid stool, and 0.7 percent to solid stool. Permanent loss of control for flatus occurred in one patient (0.7 percent) and for liquid stool in one patient (0.7 percent). No patients suffered loss of control for solid stool. Recurrence developed in 6.3 percent of patients, all between five and 25 months postoperatively. Classifcation was found to be a useful guide in the operative management of patients with fistula-in-ano. Read at the joint meeting of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons with the Section of Colo-Proctology, Royal Society of Medicine, and the Section of Colonic and Rectal Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 6 to 11, 1984.     

Intake of energy drinks in association with alcoholic beverages in a cohort of students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina

BACKGROUND: Energy drinks (ED) are a widely used group of beverages known for their stimulant effects on central nervous system (CNS). The main components of ED are caffeine, taurine, carbohydrates, glucuronolactone, inositol, niacin, pantenol, and beta-complex vitamins. The studies evaluating the effects of ED describe improvements in attention and/or reaction times and indices of alertness. It has been also shown that combination of caffeine and glucose, fundamental constituents of ED, can ameliorate deficits in cognitive performance and subjective fatigue during extended periods of cognitive demand. Moreover, the associated ingestion of alcohol and ED has recently been observed to be becoming more and more widespread. METHODS: With the aim to know the habits and uses of students, we administered a questionnaire containing questions regarding ED drinking alone or in association with alcoholic beverages. Five hundred students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina were interviewed, and 450 filled the questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 56.9% of students declared using ED. A great part of users (48.4%) associate frequently ED and alcohol. In particular, 35.8% of ED + alcohol users have used ED + alcohol more than 3 times in the last month. Distinguishing the users into 2 groups (users of ED + alcohol and users of both ED and ED + alcohol), we observed in the second group a major use of cocktail containing a mix of ED and alcoholic beverages. This difference between the 2 groups is less represented about the ingestion of ED + alcohol in the night. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that association of ED + alcohol is very popular among students. This behavior can be dangerous. In fact, the combination of ED + alcoholic drinks can reduce adversive symptoms of alcohol intoxication including the depressant effects. As consequence, users of ED + alcoholic beverages might not feel the signs of alcohol intoxication, thus increasing the probability of accidents and/or favoring the possibility of development of alcohol dependence.