新型β-环糊精交联聚合物的制备及其吸附亚甲基蓝性能的研究

以马来酸酐和乙二胺乃原料制备了马来酰胺酸,再将马来酰胺酸与β-环糊精进行交联聚合得到马来酰胺酸交联β-环糊精聚合物(PMCD)。采用FTIR方法对PMCD的结构进行了分析。表征结果显示,PMCD中含有预期的官能团。研究了亚甲基蓝(MB)的初始质量浓度、温度和溶液pH等吸附条件对PMCD吸附MB性能的影响。实验结果表明、PMCD对MB的吸附量随MB初始质量浓度的增大而增大;温度升高有利于PMCD吸附MB;在溶液pH=2～7时,PMCD对MB的吸附量随溶液pH的增大而增大;当pH>7时,吸附量基本不变。探讨了PMCD对MB的吸附动力学和等温吸附模型,PMCD吸附MB的动力学数据符合拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型,为单分子层吸附。     

Elimination of Safranin-O and a binary mixture of Safranin-O and methylene blue from water by adsorption on magnetite/Ag nanocomposite

The present research aimed at the removal of Safranin-O (Saf-O) dye and a binary mixture of Saf-O and methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution by adsorption onto the surface of magnetite/Ag nanocomposite to find a feasible and an effective route for cleaning the wastewater from these dyes. The nanocomposite was synthesized by the co-precipitation method in the presence of nanosilver which in turn was prepared by the reduction of Ag⁺ by sodium citrate. The nanocomposite was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and TEM techniques. The adsorption of the single Saf-O and its binary mixture with MB was studied under the effect of several experimental conditions. These conditions were the initial concentration of dyes, nanocomposite dose, Ag to magnetite ratio, pH of the medium, presence of salt, time of contact, and solution temperature. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applied and the data were best fitted with the Langmuir model confirming monolayer adsorption of dyes. The maximum adsorption capacity was 46.3 mg/g for the single Saf-O and (38.46 + 34.97) for the (Saf-O + MB) binary mixture at 30 °C. The adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The recyclability of the magnetite/Ag nanocomposite was confirmed through five reusable cycles where it can be considered a promising adsorbent for wastewater treatment from dyes.     

Removal of Ni (II), Mn (II) and Zn (II) from crude yellow cake aqueous solution by cross-linked chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol

The removal of Ni (II), Mn (II) and Zn (II) from crude yellow cake onto chitosan cross-linked by Epichlorohydrin (CS-ECH) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were investigated in nitrate solutions. The influence of contact time, pH, temperature and initial metal concentrations on the adsorption processes were investigated using batch modes. Langmuir and Fruindlish models were used for investigation of adsorption isotherm. The results showed that the equilibrium adsorption behavior of metal ions onto CS-ECH and PVA could be fitted to Langmuir model. The total maximum adsorption capacity of CS-ECH and PVA were calculated, and the results indicate the higher values of CS-ECH than PVA, due to the properties of chemical structure of CS-ECH. The adsorption kinetics parameters were also tested using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order models, and interparticle diffusion models. The results indicate the adsorption processes of metal ions on both CS-ECH and PVA followed the pseudo-first-order and the pseudo-second-order models which meaning the mixed adsorption, except the adsorption of Mn (II) on PVA is only described by the pseudo-second-order equation. The results indicate the adsorption processes of metal ions followed the pseudo-second-order models for both CS-ECH and PVA. Otherwise, the values of thermodynamic parameters (ΔH^o_ads, ΔS^o_ads, and ΔG^o_ads) of metal ions removal by CS-ECH and PVA exhibit the spontaneity, and exothermicity of adsorption processes.     

矿渣对固井液性能的影响研究

为了研究矿渣对固井液性能的影响,通过对国内外主要的有关的矿渣固井技术的文献进行调研,对高炉水淬矿渣结构特、性能及其水化机理、影响矿渣固井液的固化因素和矿渣固化体性能和高温性能及其力学性能进行研究,用高炉水淬矿渣和油井水泥浆配制了一系列固井液并在不同水灰比下对其性能进行了实验研究。试验结果表明在0.44水灰比时,矿渣加量为30%时油井水泥的抗温性能最好。试模抗压强度也变好。在0.60水灰比时,矿渣加量达到30%时,试模抗压强度最高,固井液的表观粘度、塑性粘度、动切力也相应的有所提高,可增强固井液的稳定性。在0.80水灰比时,矿渣加入量为20%时,试模抗压强度最高,表观粘度不变,塑性粘度和动切力变化较小,可以提高固井质量。     

交联壳聚糖对酸性红B的吸附研究

实验以壳聚糖为原料,在碱性条件下以环氧氯丙烷对壳聚糖进行了化学改性,制得不溶于水的交联壳聚糖。研究了交联壳聚糖对偶氮染料酸性红B的吸附平衡规律,探讨了交联壳聚糖对酸性红B的吸附动力学规律以及初始浓度、pH值对吸附的影响,并且与壳聚糖在相同条件下做了对比实验。结果表明:交联壳聚糖对酸性红B的吸附性能优于壳聚糖。其吸附规律符合Langmuir吸附等温式,最大吸附容量为227.27 mg/g;其吸附动力学模型可以用准二级速率方程来描述,准二级动力学常数为4.06×10~(-4)g/(mg·min)。     

Polyethylenimine-functionalized magnetic amorphous carbon fabricated from oil palm leaves as a novel adsorbent for Hg(II) from aqueous solutions

PEI (polyethylenimine) functionalized magnetic amorphous carbon thin film nano composite (Fe₃O₄-PEI-ACTF NC), was successfully synthesized and characterized by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The synthesized nano composite Fe₃O₄-PEI-ACTF was developed as a highly efficient adsorbent for Hg(II) from aqueous samples. Effect of pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, initial concentration and temperature were investigated and optimized through batch adsorption technique. Besides, good magnetic performance of Fe₃O₄-PEI-ACTF NC makes it easily recovered from water with magnetic separation at low magnetic field. The adsorption kinetic data described well with the pseudo-second-order model and the equilibrium data fitted well to Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity was 714?µg/g of Hg(II). Thermodynamic studies (ΔG°?<?0, ΔH°?>?0, ΔS°?>?0) implied an endothermic and spontaneous adsorption process in nature. Furthermore, the excellent reproducibility indicated that Fe₃O₄-PEI-ACTF NC has a promising application for removing heavy metals from aqueous environments due to high adsorption capacity and easily and quick separation.     

高炉矿渣的水硬活性及其评定方法

用于MTC技术的高炉矿渣必须具有良好的水硬活性,而高炉矿渣的水硬活性与其形成过程和加上过程有关。在分析高炉矿渣的化学成分和粒度的基础上,提出用原浆试验法和MTC试验法评定高炉矿渣的水硬活性。高炉矿渣质量的评定对筛选合格的矿渣和保证MTC固井质量具有重要意义。     

The decline of scale-forming ions from R.O feed water using kaolinite/nano-sized iron oxide composite

The study was designed to synthesize iron oxide-kaolinite composite to apply as a sorbent for a pre-treatment of seawater used as feed water in reverse osmosis units. Herein, we present kaolinite/Nano-sized iron oxide composite through the impregnation process. The morphologies of synthesized iron oxide and kaolinite-iron oxide nanocomposites were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential measurement (ZPM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction as well as FTIR. The results indicated iron oxide was well dispersed on the surface of kaolinite. Kaolinite/iron oxide composite has been found particularly useful for adsorption of scale-forming ions from seawater. The parameters controlling the uptake of the scales ions from seawater are contact time, initial ions concentration, adsorption dose, temperature, and pH. The removal efficiency reached 84% for barium under certain conditions. The adsorption follows Pseudo 2nd order with a maximum adsorbent capacity of 2.2 mg g⁻¹. The pseudo-second order kinetic model was found to be the best model describing the process.     

Preparation and characterization of sulfonated polystyrene/magnetite nanocomposites for organic dye adsorption

Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) were prepared by co-precipitation method and were found to have average size of 5 nm with spherical shape crystalline structure with super-magnetic properties. Commercial polystyrene (PS) was sulfonated through the reaction with freshly prepared acetyl sulfate. Three different degrees of sulfonation, based on the ratio of the acetyl sulfate to polystyrene, were prepared (1:1, 1:3 and 1:5). Nanocomposites of the prepared magnetite nanoparticles 1:3 sulfonated polystyrene were prepared at different magnetite content (1, 5 and 10%). The produced materials were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmittance electron microscope (TEM) X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). PS, MNPs and the prepared nanocomposites were investigated as adsorbents for Congo Red (CR). The variables influencing the adsorption capacity, such as solution pH, contact time and the initial dye concentration were systematically investigated. The adsorption for CR by the previous adsorbents show maximum experimental uptake capacity of 26.78, 33.15, 53.35, 64.73, and 76.29 mg/g for PS, MNPs, SPS/MNPs 1%, SPS/MNPs 5% and SPS/MNPs 10%, respectively. The adsorption process was found to follow the pseudo second order kinetic model and fit quite well with Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

高效三相光催化剂BiVO4@C3N4@GO的制备及性能研究

NBiVO4, BiVO4@C3N4 and BiVO4@C3N4@GO composite photocatalysts were synthesized, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FT-IR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area techniques. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated for the degradation of the methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation and BiVO4@C3N4@GO ternary composite outperformed the binary composites, BiVO4@C3N4 and BiVO4. Then the effects of catalyst dosage, initial pH, and initial methylene blue concentration on degradation process were investigated systematically. The improvement of visible-light photocatalytic degradation performance was attributed to the enhanced visible light absorption, larger surface area, higher adsorption ability, and prolonged lifetime of photo-generated electron-hole pairs. The recycle experiments results showed that the BiVO4@C3N4@GO composite have excellent photo-stability for MB photocatalytic degradation.     

高炉矿渣改性铝酸盐水泥材料腐蚀机理与性能

随着油气资源的勘探与开发力度加大，固井作业面临越来越复杂的工况，如高温、高压、酸性环境等，对固井水泥环提出了更高的要求，固井常用硅酸盐水泥由于自身矿物组分及水化产物原因，易被酸性环境腐蚀，进而引起固井水泥环封隔失效等问题。而高炉矿渣改性铝酸盐水泥基材料具有较好的耐高温性、耐久性和抗酸腐蚀性，还具有成本低、使用范围广的特点。模拟海上高温高压酸性气田开发实际工况，研究了高炉矿渣改性铝酸盐水泥的耐腐蚀性能，通过对腐蚀前后水泥石的物相组成和微观形貌的表征揭示了高炉矿渣改性水泥石的增强及防腐蚀机理。结果表明，掺入40%高炉矿渣可改善铝酸盐水泥后期强度衰退并提高防腐能力；微观分析表明，铝酸盐水泥主要物相CA会直接生成C₃AH₆，避免了C₂AH₈、CAH₁₀和高炉矿渣反应生成结构疏松并且强度较低的C₂ASH₈。由于该水化产物的大量生成，使得水泥石结构更为致密，减少了酸性介质腐蚀通道，使得高炉矿渣改性铝酸盐水泥石的力学性能以及防腐蚀能力大大提升。      

高炉矿渣激活剂BES-1

通过分析BES-1激活后高炉矿渣水泥浆的流变性、析水、初、终凝时间、相容性等性能,表明BES-1能激活矿渣活性,提高矿渣浆“水泥石”抗压强度,改善矿渣浆流变性。用BES-1配制的矿渣浆体稳定性好,析水量小,与G级早强水泥浆相容性好,能安全用于低密度水泥浆固井。BES-1最佳加量为4％。     

高炉水淬矿渣结构特性及水化机理

高炉水淬矿渣作为泥浆转化为水泥浆技术中的主体材料，已引起广泛重视并获得初步成功。本文叙述了矿渣的形成、结构形态、化学组成、水化活性与激活剂、碱激活矿渣的水化机理及水化产物等。     

硫脲改性壳聚糖微球对Pt~(4+)和Pd~(2+)的吸附特性Ⅰ.吸附平衡和动力学

利用反相乳液法制备了壳聚糖微球,并经硫脲改性得到硫脲改性壳聚糖微球(TCS),将其用于吸附Pt4+和Pd2+,考察了TCS对Pt4+和Pd2+的吸附特性;利用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和N2吸附-脱附等方法对TCS进行了表征。表征结果显示,TCS的粒径为10～30μm、比表面积为95.6m2/g、平均孔径为12.6nm、孔体积为0.298cm3/g。实验结果表明,在pH=2时,TCS对Pt4+和Pd2+的吸附性能最佳;吸附动力学可用拟二级模型拟合,表明TCS对Pt4+和Pd2+的吸附以化学吸附反应为主;吸附等温线可用Langmuir模型拟合,Pt4+和Pd2+的饱和吸附容量分别为129.87,112.36mg/g。双组分吸附实验结果表明,TCS对Pt4+和Pd2+有良好的吸附选择性,可实现Pt4+(或Pd2+)与Cu2+,Pb2+,Cd2+,Zn2+,Ca2+的选择性分离。     

含有机模板剂的ZSM-5对水中铜离子的吸附

以1,6 己二胺(HMD)为模板剂,由麦羟硅钠石转晶制备的ZSM 5沸石分子筛在模板剂未被烧除的情况下对水中铜离子(Cu2+)有良好的吸附作用,并从溶液化学角度如：吸附时间、pH值、温度等方面,考察了含有HMD的ZSM 5沸石分子筛对水溶液中Cu2+的吸附行为。 结果表明,以HMD为模板剂的ZSM 5分子筛对水中Cu2+的吸附在pH=6的条件下吸附容量最大;由Langmuir模型计算出当Cu2+水溶液pH=6、温度为318 K时,HMD为模板剂的ZSM 5沸石分子筛对Cu2+的最大吸附量为8696 mg/g;热力学数据表明,HMD为模板剂的ZSM 5沸石分子筛对Cu2+的吸附行为是吸热、自发的过程;动力学数据表明,该过程符合准二级动力学方程,属于物理吸附过程。HMD为模板剂的ZSM 5沸石分子筛可以作为一种新型吸附剂。     

Adsorption studies on removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solution using petroleum coke

Present work attempted to decolorize the congo red dye wastewater using raw petroleum coke (RPC) and activated petroleum coke (APC) as an adsorbent. Petroleum coke contains 90% of carbon and it can be used as an adsorbent for the dye removal. Activation is done using KOH solution with different temperature and different concentration. The effect of operating parameters such as initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, temperature and pH has been studied on Congo red dye removal. Kinetics and Adsorption isotherm study were conducted for congo red dye removal. It is observed from the present experiment that, the APC has higher color removal efficiency than RPC. The adsorption process follows the pseudo second order kinetics and Freundlich adsorption isotherm is found that the data fit well with the higher correlation coefficient of 0.999.     

Cross-linked chitosan polymers as generic adsorbents for simultaneous adsorption of multiple mycotoxins

The primary objective of this study was to synthesize three types of cross-linked chitosan polymers and further investigate their adsorption capability for multiple mycotoxins, including aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEN), fumonisin B₁ (FB₁), deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin (T2). Among these synthetic adsorbents, cross-linked chitosan-glutaraldehyde complex presented the highest adsorption capability for AFB₁ (73%), OTA (97%), ZEN (94%) and FB₁ (99%), but no obvious adsorption for DON and T2 (<30%). The effect of various incubation conditions (contact time, dosage and pH) was also studied. Subsequently, the experimental data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich and Hill models. The best fitting model to describe AFB₁ and FB₁ adsorption was Langmuir model (R² ≥ 0.99), with the theoretical maximum adsorption amounts of 5.67 mg/g for AFB₁ and 15.7 mg/g for FB₁. The Hill model was the best model for OTA and ZEN adsorption (R² > 0.98), with the predicted maximum adsorption amounts were 24.8 mg/g for OTA and 9.18 mg/g for ZEN. In addition, the adsorption capability of adsorbent for the simultaneous presence of multiple mycotoxins was also evaluated in buffer system and simulated gastrointestinal condition. The results indicated that the coexisted multiple mycotoxins didn't affected the adsorption capability of adsorbent, whereas the adsorption amounts of toxins were decreased by some gastrointestinal components. The findings of this research suggest that chitosan–glutaraldehyde complex has the potential to be applied as multitoxin adsorbent material for reducing the combined adverse effect of multiple mycotoxins on humans and animals.     

高炉矿渣改善固井水泥界面胶结性能研究

基于对双界面封固系统的认识和对高炉矿渣物化特性的分析，研制了用于模拟固井界面胶结的试验装置，利用胶结强度模拟试验等方法评价了高炉矿渣水泥体系的性能。结果表明，矿渣和激活剂加量范围分别为25％～35％和3.5％～4.5％时能明显提高水泥第一界面的胶结强度，且受养护温度的影响较大；矿渣水泥在干心、水湿和有滤饼3种界面条件下的第二界面胶结性能都优于基浆，第二界面胶结强度远小于第一界面，体系性能满足现场固井要求。试验证实了模拟装置的可行性，高炉矿渣独特的水化特点、良好的界面亲和性及与水泥间的颗粒级配为解决固井工程中的界面胶结问题提供了实际可行的解决方案和必要的理论依据。     

介孔SBA-15分子筛对苯酚的吸附性能

针对废水中苯酚的脱除,研究了硅基介孔分子筛SBA-15对苯酚的吸附,并与活性炭进行了对比;采用XRD和N2吸附-脱附法对SBA-15分子筛和活性炭进行了表征。与活性炭相比,SBA-15分子筛的比表面积虽小,但其具有丰富的介孔,使其达到吸附平衡所用的时间较短且饱和吸附量较大。SBA-15分子筛对苯酚的吸附可用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程描述,其中Langmuir等温吸附方程具有更好的相关性。分别采用拟一级和拟二级反应模型考察了SBA-15分子筛对苯酚的吸附动力学,拟二级反应模型与实验数据之间有很好的相关性。热力学参数的计算结果表明,SBA-15分子筛对苯酚的吸附过程是放热和自发的过程,且以物理吸附为主。