光栅投影图像的3D表面重建

为了克服全患和双目表面重建的某些弱点，利用光栅投影生成二维图像之几何特性，建立投影二维平面图像和三维空间图像的对应关系，并由此确定三维物体表面点的空间坐标，最后利用计算机图形学和虚拟现实的理论与技术绘制出三维物体表面。     

Design of Scannable Non‐uniform Planar Array Structure for Maximum Side‐Lobe Reduction

In this letter, we propose a novel design scheme for an optimal non‐uniform planar array geometry in view of maximum side‐lobe reduction. This is implemented by a thinned array using a genetic algorithm. We show that the proposed method can maintain a low side‐lobe level without pattern distortion during beam steering.     

Novel Rate Control Scheme for Low Delay Video Coding of HEVC

In this paper, a novel rate control scheme for low delay video coding of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is proposed. The proposed scheme is developed by considering a new temporal prediction structure of HEVC. In the proposed scheme, the relationship between bit rate and quantization step is exploited firstly to formulate an accurate quadratic rate‐quantization (R‐Q) model. Secondly, a method of determining the quantization parameters (QPs) for the first frames within a group of pictures is proposed. Thirdly, an accurate frame‐level bit allocation method is proposed for HEVC. Finally, based on the proposed R‐Q model and the target bit allocated for the frame, the QPs are predicted for coding tree units by using rate‐distortion (R‐D) optimization. We compare our scheme against that of three other state‐of‐the‐art rate control schemes. Experimental results show that the proposed rate control scheme can increase the Bjøntegaard delta peak signal‐to‐noise ratio by 0.65 dB and 0.09 dB on average compared with the JCTVC‐I0094 and JCTVC‐M0036 schemes, respectively, both of which have been implemented in an HEVC test model encoder; furthermore, the proposed scheme achieves a similar R‐D performance to Wang's scheme, as well as obtaining the smallest bit rate mismatch error of all the schemes.     

基于球面Haar小波和卷积神经网络的飞行员虹膜识别

虹膜识别面临两个重要的问题：一是如何精细分解与重构虹膜球面图像;二是如何识别虹膜图特征。虹膜表面几何位置信息是一种重要的信号,传统的虹膜识别通常使用虹膜图像的平面特征,然而人的眼睛是一种球体,从平面图像难以提取到虹膜球体的几何特征。针对平面特征容易出现虹膜纹理的扭曲和失真等问题,该文建议一种正交对称的球面Haar小波(OSSHW)基,对球面虹膜信号进行多尺度分解与重构,获得更精细的虹膜曲面几何特征,同时对比球谐函数和半正交或正交球面Haar小波基的虹膜球面信号特征提取能力。在此基础上,该文提出一种基于卷积神经网络(CNN)和正交对称的球面Haar小波的虹膜识别方法,它能够有效捕获虹膜球体曲面的局部精细特征,比半正交或正交球面Haar小波基具有更强的虹膜识别能力。     

基于球面Haar小波和卷积神经网络的飞行员虹膜识别

虹膜识别面临两个重要的问题:一是如何精细分解与重构虹膜球面图像;二是如何识别虹膜图特征。虹膜表面几何位置信息是一种重要的信号,传统的虹膜识别通常使用虹膜图像的平面特征,然而人的眼睛是一种球体,从平面图像难以提取到虹膜球体的几何特征。针对平面特征容易出现虹膜纹理的扭曲和失真等问题,该文建议一种正交对称的球面Haar小波(OSSHW)基,对球面虹膜信号进行多尺度分解与重构,获得更精细的虹膜曲面几何特征,同时对比球谐函数和半正交或正交球面Haar小波基的虹膜球面信号特征提取能力。在此基础上,该文提出一种基于卷积神经网络(CNN)和正交对称的球面Haar小波的虹膜识别方法,它能够有效捕获虹膜球体曲面的局部精细特征,比半正交或正交球面Haar小波基具有更强的虹膜识别能力。     

弹载大视场红外线扫图像几何畸变仿真研究

高速机动、大视场、线扫等均会引起弹载大视场线列扫描红外图像的几何畸变,从而影响巡飞弹的整体战术效能。利用探测器像面参数、坐标变换、地表模型、物像共线方程和墨卡托地图投影模型分别建立了相机的像方坐标方程、位姿变换方程、物像转换方程和物方地图投影方程,进而构成了从像面坐标系到地图坐标系的完整严格成像模型,利用Matlab对该模型进行静态仿真,确定航高、摆扫角度、地表模型等模型参数造成的几何畸变特性的强度,为弹载几何畸变校正算法的工程优化提供了依据。     

基于曲面投影的毫米波InSAR数据成像方法

与其它波段相比,毫米波系统具有体积小、重量轻、分辨率高等优点,成为近几年InSAR技术的研究热点。但因其波长短,毫米波InSAR对平台运动轨迹测量精度要求更高,非理想运动情况下传统成像方法数据处理及干涉相位提取困难,另外传统方法基于平面投影成像,在地形陡变时干涉相位缠绕和目标几何畸变较严重。为了解决传统方法在毫米波InSAR成像的以上不足,该文提出了一种基于曲面投影的毫米波InSAR成像方法,将不同通道回波数据投影到相同地形高程曲面上进行成像及干涉相位提取,并推导了曲面下地形高程与干涉相位的关系。仿真和实测数据结果验证了该文方法的有效性,结果显示该方法在平台非理想运动下较传统算法获得更好的InSAR成像和干涉相位质量,且减小了地形高程起伏引起的几何畸变及干涉相位缠绕,更有利于毫米波InSAR图像地形特征描述及高程提取。      

双光纤点衍射干涉投影系统误差校正及优化

条纹投影测量技术为复杂曲面提供了一种大动态范围的非接触式三维形貌检测方式。在基于双光纤点衍射干涉的条纹投影检测系统中,系统结构参数对最终面形检测精度影响较大。通过建立系统结构几何分析模型,对系统结构参数进行了优化。针对双光纤点衍射探头投射角标定误差的影响,传统基于零级亮条纹定位的投射端投射角标定方法由于临近级次条纹光强较为接近难以区分而导致存在较大误差,为此提出了一种基于基准平面的投射角迭代校正方法,在原标定方法的基础上进一步提高了其标定精度,进而有效提高了面形检测精度。为验证所提出方法的可行性,搭建实验系统对不同斜率动态范围的待测物测量比对,结果表明校正前后的测量系统与三坐标测量机的测量结果偏差从0.418 2 mm减小至0.021 1 mm,实现了微米级的检测精度,为各类复杂曲面的高精度检测提供了一种可行的方法。     

Robust image hash in Radon transform domain for authentication

Image authentication has become an emergency issue in the digital world as it can be easily tampered with the image editing techniques. In this paper, a novel robust hashing method for image authentication is proposed. The reported scheme first performs Radon transform (RT) on the image, and calculates the moment features which are invariant to translation and scaling in the projection space. Then discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is applied on the moment features to resist rotation. Finally, the magnitude of the significant DFT coefficients is normalized and quantized as the image hash bits. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can tolerate almost all the typical image processing manipulations, including JPEG compression, geometric distortion, blur, addition of noise, and enhancement. Compared with other approaches in the literature, the reported method is more effective for image authentication in terms of detection performance and the hash size.     

高密度全场主动离焦三维测量的精度分析

向物体投射正交正弦光栅或正弦光栅,都能实现我们提出的高密度全场离焦三维测量,实验发现测量精度依赖于投射模式和物体毒面纹理。计算机模拟显示物体深度测量精度与物体纹理的调制度、频率和投射光栅方向有关。对各种纹理,正交正弦光栅投射的测量精度都高于正弦光栅投射的测量精度。在相同实验条件下,正交正弦光栅和正弦光栅投射的弱纹理表面的深度测量均方误差分别为0．18mm和0．25mm,较强纹理表面的均方误差为0．35ram和0．54mm。     

Affinity‐Based Protein Surface Pattern Formation by Ligand Self‐Selection from Mixed Protein Solutions

Photolithographically prepared surface patterns of two affinity ligands (biotin and chloroalkane) specific for two proteins (streptavidin and HaloTag, respectively) are used to spontaneously form high‐fidelity surface patterns of the two proteins from their mixed solution. High affinity protein‐surface self‐selection onto patterned ligands on surfaces exhibiting low non‐specific adsorption rapidly yields the patterned protein surfaces. Fluorescence images after protein immobilization show high specificity of the target proteins to their respective surface patterned ligands. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) imaging further supports the chemical specificity of streptavidin and HaloTag for their surface patterned ligands from mixed protein solutions. However, ToF‐SIMS did detect some non‐specific adsorption of bovine serum albumin, a masking protein present in excess in the adsorbing solutions, on the patterned surfaces. Protein amino acid composition, surface coverage, density, and orientation are important parameters that determine the relative ToF‐SIMS fragmentation pattern yields. ToF‐SIMS amino acid‐derived ion fragment yields summed to produce surface images can reliably determine which patterned surface regions contain bound proteins, but do not readily discriminate between different co‐planar protein regions. Principal component analysis (PCA) of these ToF‐SIMS data, however, improves discrimination of ions specific to each protein, facilitating surface protein pattern identification and image contrast.     

A new robust digital image watermarking based on Pseudo-Zernike moments

A robust digital image watermarking scheme based on Pseudo-Zernike moments and image normalization is proposed. The goal is to resist both geometric distortion and common signals processing. We construct the geometrically invariant space by using image normalization. The Pseudo-Zernike moments of the normalized image are computed, and some low-order Pseudo-Zernike moments are selected. We embed digital watermark into the host image by quantizing the magnitudes of the selected Pseudo-Zernike moments. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed watermarking scheme is robust to a wide range of geometric attacks and common signals processing.     

数字图像空间分辨率改善的插值--模拟采样迭代方法

在遥感图像和计算机视觉的一些应用中,需要从已有的一些低分辨率图像来获得更高分辨率的图像.已有一些方法都是针对大小完全相同和图像之间不存在局部的几何畸变(或假设如此)的图像,而对从大小不同或分辨率不同的图像和图像之间存在相对的几何畸变等更普遍存在的实际图像来重构更高分辨率图像的问题未加涉及.本文用从带限信号的非均匀采样进行信号重构的迭代方法和凸集投影方法出发,导出了一种应用范围更加广泛的从多幅空间分辨率低的图像重构更高空间分辨率图像的一般性空间域插值-模拟采样迭代方法,并提出了凸集投影的变权迭代解法.该迭代方法可以对付图像之间存在相对的几何畸变、辐射亮度差异、空间分辨率差异及图像存在噪声等情形.实验表明,该迭代解法具有很好的收敛性和很好的收敛效果.     

The Use of Vanishing Point for the Classification of Reflections From Foreground Mask in Videos

Extraction of foreground is a basic task in surveillance video analysis. In most real cases, its performance is heavily based on the efficiency of shadow detection and on the analysis of lighting conditions and reflections caused by mirrors or other reflective surfaces. This correspondence is focused on the improvement of foreground extraction in the case of planar reflective surfaces. We show that the geometric model of a scene with a planar reflective surface is reduced to the estimation of vanishing-point for the case of an auto-epipolar (skew-symmetric) fundamental matrix. The correspondences for the vanishing-point estimation are extracted from motion statistics. The knowledge of the position of the vanishing point allows us to integrate the geometric model and the motion statistics into image foreground-extraction to separate foreground from reflections, and thus to achieve better performance. The experiments confirm the accuracy of the vanishing point and the improvement of the foreground image mask by removing reflected object parts.      

Fabrication of Flexible Binary Amplitude Masks for Patterning on Highly Curved Surfaces

This paper describes soft lithography methods that expand current fabrication capabilities by enabling high‐throughput patterning on nonplanar substrates. These techniques exploit optically dense elastomeric mask elements embedded in a transparent poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) matrix by vacuum‐assisted microfluidic patterning, UV–ozone‐mediated irreversible sealing, and chemical etching. These protocols provide highly flexible photomasks exhibiting either positive‐ or negative‐image contrasts, which serve as amplitude masks for large‐area photolithographic patterning on a variety of curved (and planar) surfaces. When patterning on cylindrical surfaces, the developed masks do not experience significant pattern distortions. For substrates with 3D curvatures/geometries, however, the PDMS mask must undergo relatively large strains in order to make conformal contact. The new methods described in this report provide planar masks that can be patterned to compliantly compensate for both the displacements and distortions of features that result from stretching the mask to span the 3D geometry. To demonstrate this, a distortion‐corrected grid pattern mask was fabricated and used in conjunction with a homemade inflation device to pattern an electrode mesh on a glass hemisphere with predictable registration and distortion compensation. The showcased mask fabrication processes are compatible with a broad range of substrates, illustrating the potential for development of complex lithographic patterns for a variety of applications in the realm of curved electronics (i.e., synthetic retinal implants and curved LED arrays) and wide field‐of‐view optics.     

基于交比不变性的广角成像系统几何失真校正

广角成像系统在近距离倾斜摄像获取大场景平面信息时,图像会存在透视变形与径向失真综合的非线性几何失真。利用网格模板成像,结合透视投影下的共线点列的交比不变性原理,通过非线性优化获得径向失真模型参数,实现径向失真的校正;通过透视变换方法构建变换矩阵求得变换系数,进而实现线性梯形失真的校正。对广角镜头焦距为14mm,相机倾斜角为43.34°,边长1200mm正方形模板成像的几何失真进行了校正实验,经对不同位置分布点的精度分析,得到各位置点的相对误差均小于1%。表明校正算法适用于非线性几何失真的处理,且具有较高的校正精度。     

Surface Instability and Chemical Reactivity of ZrSiS and ZrSiSe Nodal‐Line Semimetals

Materials exhibiting nodal‐line fermions promise superb impact on technology for the prospect of dissipationless spintronic devices. Among nodal‐line semimetals, the ZrSiX (X = S, Se, Te) class is the most suitable candidate for such applications. However, the surface chemical reactivity of ZrSiS and ZrSiSe has not been explored yet. Here, by combining different surface‐science tools and density functional theory, it is demonstrated that the formation of ZrSiS and ZrSiSe surfaces by cleavage is accompanied by the washing up of the exotic topological bands, giving rise to the nodal line. Moreover, while the ZrSiS has a termination layer with both Zr and S atoms, in the ZrSiSe surface, reconstruction occurs with the appearance of Si surface atoms, which is particularly prone to oxidation. It is demonstrated that the chemical activity of ZrSiX compounds is mostly determined by the interaction of the Si layer with the ZrX sublayer. A suitable encapsulation for ZrSiX should not only preserve their surfaces from interaction with oxidative species, but also provide a saturation of dangling bonds with minimal distortion of the surface.     

高分辨率像方远心连续变焦投影镜头的设计

为了满足基于TIR棱镜的高分辨率工程投影机对高分辨率、高照度均匀性、长后工作距离及连续变焦投影的工作需求,设计了一种基于TIR棱镜的高分辨率像方远心连续变焦投影镜头。该镜头焦距为25~32 mm,F#为2.4,工作在可见光波段。该投影镜头具有靶面大、分辨率高、后工作距离长及照度均匀性高的设计难点,通过选择反远距的双高斯结构,控制像方远心度,通过采用不同材料搭配,并借助CODE V的玻璃专家优化功能,反复迭代优化,最终,得到满足使用要求的连续变焦投影镜头。结果表明:该镜头在连续变焦过程中各视场MTF值在72 lp/mm处不低于0.4,各视场RMS弥散斑直径小于8.5 m,畸变小于2%,短焦边缘视场照度均匀性大于95%。该连续变焦投影镜头采用全球面设计,结构紧凑,成像质量好,畸变、垂轴色差和照度均匀性都得到了较好的控制,可以很好地满足高分辨率工程投影机的投影需求。     

Enhanced Osteoblast Adhesion to Epoxide‐Functionalized Surfaces

As an alternative to expensive extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins generally applied as coatings in Petri dishes used for cell binding, an innovative system based on epoxide‐functionalized monolayers capable of protein binding is proposed. Since cells bind to material surfaces through proteins, protein‐binding surfaces should also promote cell binding. Here we investigate how the cell‐binding properties of an epoxide‐functionalized surface compares with ECM protein gel coated surfaces and tissue culture polystyrene control surfaces. Glass surfaces are functionalized with glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane (GOPS), which results in an epoxide‐functionalized surface capable of binding proteins through an epoxide–amine reaction. Advancing contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy measurements confirm the formation of a homogeneous GOPS monolayer. This monolayer is micropatterned with fluorescein‐labeled ECM protein gel by microcontact printing (µCP). Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) shows accurately transferred ECM protein gel micropatterns. Osteoblasts that are seeded on these micropatterned substrates show a clear preference for adhering to the epoxide‐functionalized areas. The morphology of these cultured osteoblasts is needle‐like with high aspect ratios. As controls, osteoblasts are cultured on GOPS‐functionalized surfaces, unstructured ECM protein gel surfaces, and tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). The GOPS surfaces demonstrate a drastic increase in cell adhesion after 2 h, whilst the other tests show no adverse effects of this surface on the osteoblasts as compared to ECM and TCPS. CLSM shows healthy cell morphologies on each surface. It is demonstrated for the first time that epoxide groups outperform ECM protein gel in cell adhesion, thereby providing new routes for cost‐effective coatings that improve biocompatibility as well as exciting, new methodologies to control and direct cell adhesion.