超声引导射频消融治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤302例肿瘤残留危险因素分析

背景与目的：射频消融(radiofrequencey ablation,RFA)是治疗原发性肝癌和部分转移性肝癌的有效的方法,本研究探讨肝脏恶性肿瘤RFA治疗后肿瘤残留的危险因素。方法：回顾性分析2010年1月-2013年3月复旦大学附属肿瘤医院收治的302例原发性肝癌和转移性肝癌患者共691个肝内病灶接受RFA治疗的临床资料,采用单因素和多因素Logistic Regression模型分析与RFA治疗后肿瘤残留有关的危险因素。结果：RFA治疗后272例(90.07%)患者的632个(91.46%)病灶完全消融,肿瘤残留率为8.54%。直径≤3 cm的肿瘤残留率为6.30%,3~5 cm为9.57%,>5 cm为28.57%;靠近肝内大血管和胆囊肿瘤残留率分别为17.14%和18.52%;联合其他局部治疗和未联合其他局部治疗的肿瘤残留率分别为7.02%和13.41%。多因素分析显示,肿瘤最大直径>5 cm(P=0.044)、靠近肝内大血管(P=0.039)和未联合其他局部治疗(P=0.001)是RFA治疗后肿瘤残留的独立危险因素。112例患者282个病灶最大直径3~5 cm,RFA治疗后肿瘤残留多因素分析显示,肿瘤靠近肝内大血管(P=0.014)、单针射频(P=0.047)和未联合其他局部治疗(P=0.023)是RFA治疗后肿瘤残留的独立危险因素。结论：超声引导的RFA治疗可以获得满意的消融效果,其中肿瘤靠近肝内大血管、肿瘤最大直径>5 cm和未联合其他局部治疗是肿瘤残留的独立危险因素,对于直径为3~5 cm的肿瘤,除靠近肝内大血管和未联合其他局部治疗外,单针射频也是肿瘤残留的独立危险因素,采用双针或多针治疗可以提高消融效率,降低肿瘤残留。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞序贯微波消融治疗初治大肝癌1年内复发的影响因素分析

目的:研究并探讨经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合微波消融(MWA)治疗大肝癌(含巨块型肝癌)1年内局部复发的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年6月151例行TACE联合WMA治疗的初治大肝癌患者为研究对象,收集患者治疗前后住院资料及随访资料,通过单因素分析及Logistic 回归分析探求TACE联合MWA治疗大肝癌1年内局部复发的影响因素。结果:151例患者平均行TACE治疗(1.48±0.43)次、WMA治疗 (1.23±0.16)次;联合治疗1个月后,客观缓解率(ORR) 、疾病控制率(DCR)分别为80.8%、92.7%;治疗1年内局部复发率为45.7%;复发组与未复发组在瘤体最大直径、合并门静脉癌栓(PVTT)、肝门淋巴结转移、术前甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平、毗邻危险区域、病毒载量、靶向治疗7方面差异显著(P＜0.05)。多因素分析显示:瘤体最大直径(OR7.5~10 cm=3.935;OR＞10 cm=6.379)、术前合并门静脉癌栓(OR=7.877)、术前AFP≥400 ng/ml(OR=3.411)是TACE联合WMA治疗大肝癌术后1年内复发的独立危险因素(P均＜0.05),术后服用索拉菲尼则是复发的独立保护因素(OR=0.119)(P＜0.05)。结论:术前AFP≥400 ng/ml、瘤体最大直径超过7.5 cm、合并门静脉癌栓是TACE联合WMA治疗大肝癌短期内复发的预测因子,而术后联合靶向治疗有助于降低短期复发率。     

超声造影与增强CT对肝癌射频消融效果的一致性评价

  目的  对超声造影与增强CT对肝癌射频消融术后评价效果一致性进行分析。  方法  对35例患者共68个肿瘤病灶进行超声或CT引导下射频消融治疗,术后同时定期进行增强CT以及超声造影检查评价射频消融效果,分析超声造影以及增强CT在肿瘤完全消融率、残留率,复发率、准确性以及超声造影与增强CT一致性。  结果  68个病灶中,超声造影评价肿瘤总体完全消融率以及残留率分别为84%及16%,增强CT分别为90%及10%,二者之间比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.576 3,P=0.447 8),具有很高的一致性(K=0.882 9,Sk=0.120 4),68个病灶中24个月内共有13个病灶为复发病灶,超声造影对复发病灶检出率为92%(12/ 13),与增强CT 100%(13/13)之间比较差异无统计意义(P>0.05)。以增强CT作为判断RFA后肿瘤残留及复发的金标准,超声造影对68个肿瘤病灶总体诊断准确性为92%(63/68),5个病灶判断不一致。  结论  超声造影在肝癌射频消融效果评价中与增强CT具有很高准确性及一致性,能为肿瘤射频消融术后治疗提供可靠诊断依据。      

射频消融在治疗肝癌合并肝动脉-门静脉分流中的应用价值

目的评价射频消融(RFA)对肝癌合并肝动脉-门静脉分流(APS)的治疗价值。方法对34例肝癌合并APS患者,针对APS和肿瘤行射频消融治疗,2周后行肝增强CT或MRI扫描并行TACE治疗。比较肿瘤消融、坏死效果及APS分流道封闭情况。结果射频消融术后15例中央型APS完全消失4例,分流减少8例,3例无明显变化;10例肝段型APS,有3例术后APS消失,5例好转,2例无变化;周围型9例,术后消失5例,好转4例。38个消融病灶中,完全坏死11个病灶,14个病灶坏死面积超过50%,坏死50%以下有8个病灶,4个病灶RFA术后强化面积无变化,1个病灶进展。术后随访3～12月,3、6、9、12月累计生存率分别为100%、94.1％、82.4％、73.5％。结论射频消融联合TACE是治疗肝癌合并肝动脉-门静脉分流的安全有效的方法。     

肝细胞癌射频消融治疗后肿瘤残留的危险因素及预后分析

目的 探讨肝细胞癌(HCC)射频消融(RFA)治疗后肿瘤残留的危险因素及预后.方法 回顾性分析2001年5月至2007年3月114例经RFA治疗的HCC患者临床资料,分析可能与RFA后肿瘤残留有关的临床因素以及残留HCC的预后.结果 114例HCC患者经RFA治疗一次后,完全消融90例,肿瘤残留24例.90例肿瘤完全消融患者的中位生存期为40个月,24例肿瘤残留患者的中位生存期为29个月,二者差异无统计学意义(P=0.242).在24例肿瘤残留患者中,经再次治疗后达到无肿瘤残留者11例,其中位生存期为53个月;经再次治疗后仍有残留者13例,其中位生存期为28个月.RFA治疗一次后肿瘤完全消融患者与再次治疗后达到无肿瘤残留患者的中位生存期比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.658);与再次治疗后仍有肿瘤残留患者的中位生存期比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.012).多因素分析表明,肿瘤＞3 cm(P=0.007)和靠近大血管(P=0.042)是HCC经RFA治疗后肿瘤残留的独立危险因素.结论 肿瘤＞3 cm和靠近大血管是HCC行RFA治疗后肿瘤残留的独立危险因素.对未能达到完全消融的HCC患者,应积极采取进一步治疗措施,争取达到完全根治肿瘤,以改善预后.     

CT引导下经皮穿刺射频消融治疗特殊部位肝癌

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺射频消融（RFA）治疗特殊部位肝癌（直径≤3cm）的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2008年5月至2012年4月行CT引导下经皮穿刺RFA治疗47例肝癌患者,共消融63个特殊部位（指距离大血管、大胆管或肝外脏器5mm以内）病灶。所有患者术后均行增强CT复查及随访,统计肿瘤完全坏死率、肿瘤局部进展率、肿瘤肝内新生率、生存率及并发症。结果 所有患者均成功接受经皮穿刺RFA治疗。RFA术后1个月特殊部位肝癌完全坏死率为88.89％（56／63）;RFA术后3、6、12个月及1年以上的肿瘤局部进展率分别为4.77％（3／63）、3.17％（2／63）、3.17％（2／63）、1.59％（1／63）,肿瘤肝内新生率分别为15.87％（10／63）、4.76％（3／63）、12.70％（8／63）、3.17％（2／63）。至随访截止时间,47例患者的1、3、5年生存率分别为82.98％（39／47）、63.83％（30／47）、36.17％（17／47）。RFA术后,未出现任何严重并发症,6例（12.77％）出现肝包膜下少量血肿,10例（21.28％）术后发热,经对症处理后症状改善。结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺RFA治疗特殊部位肝癌是安全、有效的方法。     

超声造影对肝癌患者射频消融效果的影响

目的探讨超声造影(CEUS)对肝癌患者射频消融(RFA)效果的影响。方法选取2013年3月至2015年3月间江西省抚州市第一人民医院收治的126例肝癌患者,采用随机数表法分为研究组和对照组,每组63例。两组患者均在超声引导下进行经皮RFA治疗,研究组患者治疗结束5min后进行CEUS检查,如发现有肿瘤残余,再次进行RFA治疗,治疗后进行CEUS检查,直至造影显示无肿瘤残余。对照组患者治疗后不立即进行CEUS检查。比较两组患者完全消融率。结果研究组患者共检出肿瘤病灶103个,RFA术后5min行CEUS检查,共发现11处病灶内或其周边呈现信号增强,提示残余。最终CEUS检查示完全消融。对照组患者共检出107个病灶。术后1个月对所有患者进行CEUS和增强CT(CECT)检查,提示研究组有4处残余,对照组有18处残余,两组完全消融率比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。患者均随访12个月以上,最终随访时采用CEUS加CECT检查,结果显示,CEUS判断肝癌残余或复发的敏感度为89. 3%,特异性为92. 9%。结论肝癌术后即刻进行CEUS检查,能及时发现肿瘤残存,指导补充治疗,提高RFA完全消融率,且CEUS在术后随访中应用价值很高。     

经皮射频消融术治疗外科切除术后复发性肝细胞癌疗效分析

背景与目的：大部分复发性的肝癌结节的直径小于3 cm,且射频消融(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)治疗直径小于3 cm的肿瘤结节,其疗效已受到广泛认可。探讨RFA对手术切除术后复发性肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)的临床疗效与安全性。方法：回顾性分析61例手术切除后复发性HCC患者在经动脉化疗栓塞(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)结合RFA的治疗下的1、3、5年总生存(overall survival,OS)率和无进展生存(progression-free survival,PFS)率,并发症发生率,死亡率,完全消融率以及影响患者生存率的独立风险因子。结果：完全消融率为93.4%(57/61),不完全消融率6.6%(4/61)。1、3、5年生存率分别为96.3%、77.9%和77.9%。1、3、5年PFS率分别为48.6%、20.3%和13.5%。消融术后出现主要并发症的患者1例,为肝包膜下出血;无消融治疗相关的死亡患者;消融后住院时间为4~7 d,中位值为5 d。影响OS的独立风险因子为患者HBsAg阳性(P=0.044,HR=7.496,95%CI：1.057~53.152)。结论：RFA治疗手术切除术后复发的HCC安全、有效,能够有效提高切除术后复发性HCC患者的生存率,对改善HCC患者的预后具有重要意义。     

实时剪切波弹性成像在肝癌热消融应用中的初步体会

背景与目的：热消融[射频消融(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)和微波消融(microwave ablation,MWA)]是治疗肝癌最常用的微创技术,实时剪切波弹性成像(real-time shear wave elastography,SWE)是一种新型的超声弹性成像技术。本研究将SWE应用于肝癌热消融中,旨在研究肝癌热消融前后病灶及其周围肝实质的硬度变化,初步探讨SWE在肝癌热消融疗效评价中的应用价值。方法：2014年10月—2015年4月因肝癌于哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院行超声引导下RFA或MWA且达到完全消融的36例患者(共39个病灶)。患者于消融前后分别行SWE检查,分别记录病灶及其周围肝实质的杨氏模量平均值(SWE-mean)、最小值(SWE-min)、最大值(SWE-max)、标准差(SWE-SD)。经统计学分析,比较消融前后病灶及其周围肝实质的硬度变化及两种消融方式下消融灶的硬度差异。结果：①消融前后,病灶的SWE-mean为(30.09±11.67)kPa vs (52.11±17.56)kPa,SWE-min为(10.46±8.22)kPavs (20.57±11.42)kPa,SWE-max为(51.50±20.84)kPa vs (88.54±27.75)kPa,SWE-SD为(10.63±4.30)kPavs (16.89±7.72)kPa,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);②消融前后,病灶周围肝实质的SWE-mean为(8.84±2.82)kPavs (8.91±2.78)kPa,SWE-min为(4.77±1.95) kPavs (4.69±1.90)kPa,SWE-max为(13.82±3.79)kPavs (14.34±3.97)kPa,SWE-SD为(3.24±1.32)kPa vs(3.37±1.29)kPa,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);③消融后,RFA及MWA的SWE-mean为(45.55±10.91)kPa vs (60.59±20.99)kPa,SWE-min为(18.95±8.86)kPavs (25.93±10.93)kPa,SWE-max为(76.58±15.51)kPavs (104.01±32.59)kPa,SWE-SD为(13.82±3.52)kPavs (20.85±9.77)kPa,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：SWE可以定量评价病灶的硬度,消融后病灶硬度大于消融前,MWA后消融灶硬度大于RFA后,两种消融方式对病灶周围肝实质的硬度影响不明显。SWE在肝癌热消融中的应用前景可期。     

TACE序贯MWA或RFA治疗原发性肝癌的疗效及安全性比较

目的:比较经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）序贯微波消融术（MWA）或射频消融术（RFA）治疗原发性肝癌的疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析武汉协和医院接受治疗的原发性肝癌患者70例,将其分为TACE+MWA组36例与TACE+RFA组34例,比较两组临床疗效、生存率、肿瘤体积、血供消失率、完全坏死率、甲胎蛋白（AFP）水平、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）水平、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）水平以及不良反应发生率。结果:TACE+MWA组疾病控制率（91.67%）与TACE+RFA组（88.24%）比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);两组肿瘤体积、血供消失率、完全坏死率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗后两组AFP水平与治疗前比较均明显降低(P＜0.05),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),治疗后两组ALT、AST水平与治疗前比较均明显升高(P＜0.05),且组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组6个月、1年、3年生存率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论:TACE序贯MWA或RFA治疗原发性肝癌,疾病控制率、生存率、血供消失率与完全坏死率等无明显差异,均能有效控制肿瘤发展,促进AFP、ALT、AST等因子水平恢复至正常范围,延长生存期,且安全性尚可,临床可替换使用,但TACE+MWA组治疗后应注意加强保肝治疗。     

Higher Efficiency of Percutaneous Microwave (MWA) Than Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) in Achieving Complete Response in Cirrhotic Patients with Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background: Contrasting data are available in the literature regarding the superiority of percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in very early or early (BCLA 0 or A) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aims: The primary outcome was to compare the efficacy of RFA and MWA in achieving complete response in cirrhotic patients with early and very early HCC. The secondary outcomes were to evaluate the overall survival and the recurrence rate. Methods: A retrospective, observational, single-center study was performed. Inclusion criteria were liver cirrhosis, new diagnosis of a single node of HCC measuring a maximum of 50 mm or up to three nodules with diameter up to 35 mm, treatment with RFA or MWA. Radiological response was evaluated with multiphasic contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 5–7 weeks after thermal ablation. Complete response was defined when no vital tissue was detected after treatment. Results: Overall, 251 HCC patients were included in this study; 81 patients were treated with MWA and 170 with RFA. The complete response rate was similar in MWA and RFA groups (out of 331 nodules, 87.5% (91/104) were treated with MWA and 84.2% (186/221) were treated with RFA, p = 0.504). Interestingly, a subanalysis demonstrated that for 21–35 mm nodules, the probability to achieve a complete response using MWA was almost 5 times higher than for RFA (OR = 4.88, 95% CI 1.37–17.31, p = 0.014). Moreover, recurrence rate in 21–35 mm nodules was higher with RFA with respect to MWA (31.9% versus 13.5%, p = 0.019). Overall survival was 80.4% (45/56) when treated with MWA and 62.2% (56/90) when treated with RFA (p = 0.027). No significant difference was observed between MWA and RFA treatment in the 15–20 mm nodules group. Conclusion: This study showed that MWA is more efficient than RFA in achieving complete response in HCC nodules with 21 to 35 mm diameter.     

微波消融术联合肝动脉介入栓塞术治疗肝细胞癌的临床研究

目的：比较微波消融术（ microwave ablation,MWA）联合或者不联合经肝动脉化疗栓塞术（ transcathe-ter arterial chemoembolization,TACE）治疗肝细胞癌（ HCC）的临床疗效以及不良反应。方法：选择89例2006年10月至2009年7月入我院治疗的肿瘤直径≤5cm的原发性肝细胞癌患者,采用随机数字法分为MWA联合TACE组（n=44）或者单独MWA组（n=45）进行随机对照研究,观察两组患者的总生存率（OS）、无复发生存率（ RFS）以及不良反应。结果：所有患者均治疗成功,随访时间为7-62个月,随访结束时联合组患者死亡15人,微波组死亡23人。联合组、微波组分别有16人、25人出现疾病进展。1年、2年、3年OS分别为86.4%,74.4%,61.8%和77.4%,63.6%,50.0%。对应的RFS为72.4%,61.6%,45.8%和61.7%,52.2%,39.8%。联合组的OS以及RFS高于单纯微波组（风险比率HR为0.323,95%CI为0.295-0.351,P=0.002;风险比率HR为0.258,95%CI为0.230-0.286,P=0.02）。研究过程中无治疗相关性死亡。对相关因素进行Logistic回归分析,治疗分配、肿瘤大小、肿瘤数目是OS相关预后因素,治疗分配、肿瘤大小是RFS相关预后因子。结论：MWA联合TACE术治疗病灶≤5cm的HCC患者疗效优于单独的MWA治疗疗效。     

Microwave ablation is as effective as radiofrequency ablation for very-early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma

Background: Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a first-line treatment for very-early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), whereas the efficacy of percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) for very-early-stage HCC remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify this issue by comparing the safety and efficacy of percutaneous MWA with percutaneous RFA in treating very-early-stage HCC. Methods: Clinical data of 460 patients who were diagnosed with very-early-stage HCC and treated with percutane-ous MWA or RFA between January 2007 and July 2012 at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Mili-tary Medical University, in Shanghai, China were retrospectively analyzed. Of these 460 patients, 159 received RFA, 301 received MWA. Overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), local tumor progression (LTP), complete ablation, and complication occurrence rates were compared between the two groups, and the prognostic factors associated with survival were analyzed. Results: No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the 1-, 3-, or 5-year OS rates (99.3%, 90.4%, and 78.3% for MWA vs. 98.7%, 86.8%, and 73.3% for RFA, respectively;P= 0.331). Furthermore, no signif-icant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the corresponding RFS rates (94.4%, 71.8%, and 46.9% for MWA vs. 89.9%, 67.3%, and 54.9% for RFA, respectively;P= 0.309), the LTP rates (9.6% vs. 10.1%,P= 0.883), the complete ablation rates (98.3% vs. 98.1%,P= 0.860), or the occurrence rates of major complications (0.7% vs. 0.6%,P= 0.691). By multivariate analysis, LTP, antiviral therapy, and treatment of recurrence were independent risk fac-tors for OS (P < 0.001), and the alpha-fetoprotein level was an independent prognostic factor for RFS (P= 0.002). Conclusions: MWA is as safe and effective as RFA in treating very-early-stage HCC, supporting MWA as a first-line treatment option for this disease.     

Comparison of microwave ablation and radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Microwave ablation (MWA) has several advantages over radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of MWA with those of RFA for HCC from the perspectives of percutaneous and laparoscopic approaches.

Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane library, and China Biology Medicine databases were searched. Studies comparing the efficacy and safety of MWA with those of RFA in patients with HCC were considered eligible. Complete ablation (CA), local recurrence (LR), disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and the major complication rate were compared between MWA and RFA.

Results: Four randomized controlled trials and 10 cohort studies were included. For percutaneous ablation, no significant difference was found between MWA and RFA regarding CA, LR, DFS, OS, and the major complication rate. A subgroup analysis of tumors measuring ≥3?cm revealed no difference in CA and LR for percutaneous ablation. For laparoscopic ablation, a significantly lower LR rate and a non-significant trend toward a higher major complication rate were observed for the MWA group (odds ratio [OR] 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–4.02, p?=?.01 for LR; OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.04–1.03, p?=?.05 for major complication rate). CA, DFS, and OS were similar between the two groups.

Conclusions: Percutaneous (P)-MWA had similar therapeutic effects compared with P-RFA for HCC. Patients undergoing laparoscopic MWA had a lower LR rate; however, their major complication rate appeared to be higher. The superiority of MWA over RFA remains unclear and needs to be confirmed by high-quality evidence.     

Transarterial Chemoembolization Combined with Either Radiofrequency or Microwave Ablation in Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Introduction: Local ablative therapy and trans arterial chemoembolization (TACE) are applied to ablate non resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Combination of both techniques has proven to be more effective. We aimed to study combined ablation techniques and assess survival benefit comparing TACE with radiofrequency (RFA) versus TACE with microwave (MWA) techniques. Methods: We retrospectively studied 22 patients who were ablated using TACE-RFA and 45 with TACE-MWA. All were classified as Child A-B and lesions did not exceed 5 cm in diameter. TACE was followed within two weeks by either RFA or MWA. We recorded total and partial ablation rates and complication rates. Survival analysis was then performed. Results: TACE-MWA showed a higher tendency to provide complete response rates than TACE-RFA (P 0.06). This was particularly evident with lesions sized 3-5 cm (P 0.01). Rates of complications showed no significant difference between the groups. Overall median survival was 27 months. The overall actuarial probability of survival was 80.1% at 1 year, 55% at 2 years, and 36.3% at 3 years. The recurrence free survival at 1 year, 2years and 3 years for the TACE-RFA group was 70%, 42% and 14% respectively and for TACE-MWA group 81.2%, 65.1% and 65.1% without any significant difference (P 0.1). In relation to the size of focal lesions, no statistically significant difference in the survival rates was detected between the groups. Conclusion: TACE-MWA led to better response rates than TACE-RFA with tumors 3-5 cm, with no difference in survival rates.     

单次经皮射频消融治疗小肝癌的预后及复发危险因素分析

背景与目的:射频消融( radiofrequency ablation, RFA)治疗作为肝癌局部治疗的新技术,近年得到了广泛的应用.本研究分析肝癌 RFA治疗的疗效和复发相关因素,并探索 RFA治疗的适应证.方法:采用回顾性队列研究方法,分析 2001年 1月至 2003年 12月期间, 94例在中山医院肝癌研究所行 RFA治疗的原发性小肝癌患者的 102个病灶,随访期至 2004年 3月.采用 SPSS 11.5统计软件对数据进行处理.结果: 94例患者的中位随访期为 16个月, RFA治疗后的 1年累积生存率为 85.5%, 2年累积生存率为 75.6%; 1年累积无瘤生存率为 31.3%, 2年累积无瘤生存率为 10.4%.共有 62例患者( 66.0%)复发.单因素分析显示复发与下列 3个因素有关:肿瘤近血管 (P< 0.01)、位于肝包膜下 (P< 0.05)、直径 >3 cm (P< 0.05);而与性别、 Child分级、 AFP值、是否联合瘤内无水乙醇注射治疗无关. Cox多因素分析显示:肿瘤近血管 (P=0.000, 95%可信区间为 2.102～ 7.899)、位于肝包膜下 (P=0.001, 95%可信区间为 1.672～ 6.289)是 RFA治疗后复发的独立危险因素.较严重并发症的发生率为 2.1% (2/94,胆道出血 1例,膈下积液 1例 ).未发生与手术相关的死亡.结论: RFA是一种安全的肝癌治疗方法.直径≤ 3 cm、不近肝内血管、非包膜下肿块是肝肿瘤 RFA治疗的适应证.     

Radiofrequency ablation or microwave ablation combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by comparing with radiofrequency ablation alone简

Objective：To compare radiofrequency ablation （RFA） or microwave ablation （MWA） and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization （TACE） with RFA or MWA monotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）.Methods：A prospective,randomized,controlled trial was conducted on 94 patients with HCC ≤7 cm at a single tertiary referral center from June 2008 to June 2010 at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University.The patients were randomly assigned into the TACERFA or TACE-MWA （combined treatment group） and the RFA-alone or MWA-alone groups （control group）.The primary end point was overall survival.The secondary end point was recurrence-free survival,and the tertiary end point was adverse effects.Results：Until the time of censor,17 patients in the TACE-RFA or TACE-MWA group had died.The median follow-up time of the patients who were still alive for the TACE-RFA or TACE-MWA group was 47.5±11.3 months （range,29 to 62 months）.The 1-,3-and 5-year overall survival for the TACE-RFA or TACE-MWA group was 93.6％,68.1％ and 61.7％,respectively.Twenty-five patients in the RFA or MWA group had died.The median follow-up time of the patients who were still alive for the RFA or MWA group was 47.0±12.9 months （range,28 to 62 months）.The 1-,3-and 5-year overall survival for the RFA or MWA group was 85.1％,59.6％ and 44.7％,respectively.The patients in the TACE-RFA or TACE-MWA group had better overall survival than the RFA or MWA group [hazard ratio （HR）,0.526; 95％ confidence interval （95％ CO,0.334-0.823; P=0.002],and showed better recurrence-free survival than the RFA or MWA group （HR,0.582; 95％ CI,0.368-0.895; P=0.008）.Conclusions：RFA or MWA combined with TACE in the treatment of HCC ≤7 cm was superior to RFA or MWA alone in improving survival by reducing arterial and portal blood flow due to TACE with iodized oil before RFA.     

Microwave Ablation Compared with Radiofrequency Ablation for The Treatment of Liver Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

BackgroundGuidelines have reported that although microwave ablation (MWA) has potential advantages over radiofrequency ablation (RFA), superiority in efficacy and safety remain unclear. Aim of the study is to compare MWA with RFA in the treatment of liver cancer.MethodsMeta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines for studies published from 2010 onwards. A random-effects model was used for the meta-analyses. Complete ablation (CA), local tumor progression (LTP), intrahepatic distant recurrence (IDR), and complications were analyzed.ResultsFour randomized trials and 11 observational studies with a total of 2,169 patients met the inclusion criteria. Although overall analysis showed no significant difference in LTP between MWA and RFA, subgroup analysis including randomized trials for patients with hepatocellular cancer (HCC) demonstrated statistically decreased rates of LTP in favor of MWA (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.18–0.92; p = 0.03). No significant differences were found between the two procedures in CA, IDR, complications, and tumor diameter less or larger than 3 cm.ConclusionsMWA showed promising results and demonstrated better oncological outcomes in terms of LTP compared to RFA in patients with HCC. MWA can be utilized as the ablation method of choice in patients with HCC.Key words: liver, carcinoma hepatocellular, liver neoplasms, radiofrequency ablation, microwaves     

Sarcopenia as a Predictive Factor for Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Following Radiofrequency Ablation

Background: Sarcopenia is a skeletal muscle mass deficiency and a potential prognostic factor for the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Objective: To determine whether sarcopenia correlates with the recurrence rate of HCC after curative radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in early and very early HCC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 669 HCC patients who underwent their first curative RFA at Siriraj hospital from 2011 to 2020. Fifty-six patients who were diagnosed with HCC by triple-phase CT scan and had complete response on follow-up CT were included. All patients underwent skeletal muscle index (SMI) assessment at level L3 vertebra and sarcopenia was defined by the cut-off values of 52.4 cm2/m2 for men and 38.5 cm2/m2 for women. We compared patients with and without sarcopenia. Time to recurrence was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed. Results: Sarcopenia was present in 37 of 56 patients (66.1%). There was no significant difference between groups except body mass index (BMI) (P<0.001) and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P=0.035). There was a promising result indicating the difference of time to recurrence between each group (P=0.046) and potential association of sarcopenia with HCC recurrence (HR=2.06; P=0.052). The Child-Pugh score and tumor number were independent risk factors for HCC recurrence (HR=2.04; P=0.005 and HR=2.68; P=0.017, respectively). Conclusion: Sarcopenia is a potential prognostic factor for recurrence of HCC in Thai patients who underwent RFA. A larger study is required to properly confirm this association.