个体开业医生转型家庭医生意向的影响因素分析

目的:在家庭医生人才短缺的背景下,分析个体开业医生转型家庭医生意向的影响因素,为实现家庭医生服务提供主体的多元化提供借鉴。方法:基于山东、湖南、云南三省的抽样调查数据,利用结构方程模型对个体开业医生转型家庭医生的意向进行系统分析,从行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制分析个体开业医生行为意向的影响因素。结果:行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制对个体开业医生的行为意向均有显著影响,其中行为态度与主观规范影响较大。结论:个体开业医生转型家庭医生的意向受其个人喜好及社会关系的影响较大,提升其参与意愿行为态度和主观规范是干预重点。     

基于计划行为理论的托幼儿童家长EV71疫苗接种意愿影响因素分析

目的 研究深圳市托幼机构中3～5岁儿童家长对手足口病EV71型疫苗接种意愿的影响因素。方法 基于计划行为理论（TPB）,使用自编式问卷对深圳市3～5岁托幼儿童家长开展问卷调查,分析家长对EV71疫苗接种意愿的影响因素。结果 61.92%的家长意愿给孩子接种EV71疫苗,logistic回归分析显示文化程度高、居住在城镇小区（OR=1.889,95%CI: 1.374～2.597）,TPB模型行为态度（OR=3.051,95%CI: 2.037～4.570）、主观规范（OR=2.035,95%CI: 1.503～2.757）和知觉行为控制（OR=4.834,95%CI: 3.367～6.929）得分高是家长愿意给孩子接种EV71疫苗的保护因素（P＜0.05）。模型方程显示行为态度（路径系数=0.36）、主观规范（路径系数=0.25）和知觉行为控制（路径系数=0.65）均对接种意愿有正向影响（P＜0.001）,其中知觉行为控制影响最大。结论 EV71疫苗接种意愿TPB模型能较好解释家长的接种TPB疫苗的意愿,应重点关注家长的知觉行为控制。     

基于计划行为理论的婴幼儿腹泻求医行为意向分析

目的 探索婴幼儿腹泻求医行为意向的影响因素,为婴幼儿腹泻求医行为的干预提供科学依据。方法 以计划行为理论框架为依据,增加既往就医,从就医态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制、求医行为意向,既往就医5个方面编制婴幼儿腹泻求医行为意向量表,对随机整群抽取的649例兰州市七里河区0~36月龄婴幼儿看护人进行调查。利用结构方程模型探索了婴幼儿腹泻求医行为意向的影响因素。结果 基于扩展的计划行为理论构建的婴幼儿腹泻求医行为意向模型可解释婴幼儿腹泻求医行为意向方差变异的53.8%,结果显示,知觉行为控制(β=0.733,P<0.001)和既往就医(β=0.252,P<0.001)提高了求医意向,主观规范削弱了求医意向(β=-0.094,P<0.001)。此外,就医态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制三者之间相互影响。结论 知觉行为控制、既往就医、主观规范是婴幼儿腹泻求医行为意向的影响因素,这对婴幼儿腹泻求医行为的干预具有暗示作用。     

基于计划行为理论的医生处方基本药物行为的模型构建

基本药物制度的实施一直备受关注,医生是基本药物制度能否全面落实的重要人物,医生的行为影响着患者对基本药物的使用。文章以计划行为理论为基础,从态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制3个方面研究医生处方基本药物的行为,并进行模型构建。以期能够尽可能全面地剖析医生处方基本药物的决策过程,分析影响该行为的重要影响因素。     

计划行为理论视角下科技期刊投稿行为的影响机制分析

【目的】 探究投稿行为的影响因素与机制,依此以面向投稿者的视角为科技期刊建设提出相应的建议。【方法】 通过访谈16位有投稿经历的投稿者获取资料,借鉴扎根理论三级编码方法,以计划行为理论为内在逻辑,通过开放式编码、主轴编码和选择式编码,确认投稿行为的影响因素与作用机制。【结果】 投稿行为的影响因素分为投稿主观规范、投稿知觉行为控制和投稿行为态度三类,其产生影响的逻辑分别表现为投稿者的遵从、评估和感知,并依此构建形成投稿行为的影响机制模型。【结论】 从投稿主观规范、投稿知觉行为控制、投稿行为态度三个层面对科技期刊建设提出建议,以提升投稿者的投稿意愿,促使其完成投稿行为。     

基于计划行为理论的女性性工作者安全套使用行为影响因素的分析

目的运用计划行为理论来探索低档娱乐场所女性性工作者(FSWs)安全套使用行为的主要影响因素,以期为今后预防艾滋病的行为干预工作提供有针对性的指导。方法按计划行为理论设计问卷,对随州和武汉地区低档场所FSWs进行调查,采用结构方程模型来分析安全套使用行为的影响因素。结果行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制对于行为意向的总体影响分别为0.517、0.127和0.086。知觉行为控制、行为意向、行为态度、主观规范对于行为的总体影响分别为0.654、0.183、0.095和0.023。结论行为态度是影响FSWs安全套使用行为意向的最主要因素。知觉行为控制相比行为意向对FSWs人群安全套使用行为的影响更大。     

农村妇女就医选择行为的影响因素——基于2018年CFPS数据分析

目的 为引导农村妇女合理有序就医,本文基于计划行为理论框架探索其就医选择行为的影响因素。方法 运用2018年中国家庭追踪调查数据,采用二元Probit回归、Bootstrap抽样方法对农村妇女就医选择行为的影响因素进行研究。结果 农村妇女的就医选择行为受到其主观态度、结构性因素和知觉行为控制因素的正向影响（β = 0.403,0.388,0.096,P＜0.05）,医疗自付费用支出在农村妇女主观态度及其就医选择行为间起部分中介作用（β = 0.135,95%CI: 0.026～0.054）。 结论 农村妇女就医选择行为受到主观态度、结构性因素和知觉行为控制因素的影响,应加大健康教育宣传力度;合理统筹医联体医保政策;夯实农村基层首诊制度,推进基层医院家庭医生签约服务,提升农村基层医疗卫生服务利用效率,对农村妇女就医选择行为进行有针对性的干预。     

基于计划行为理论探讨冠心病患者戒烟意向的影响因素

目的利用计划行为理论探讨冠心病患者戒烟意向的影响因素,为促进冠心病患者戒烟工作开展提供参考。方法 2011年7月至2012年2月,采用方便抽样方法对北京市2所三级甲等医院心血管内科和呼吸内科诊治的264名冠心病患者进行问卷调查,调查问卷参考计划行为理论设计而成,主要包括戒烟意向、戒烟态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制和尼古丁依赖等几个项目内容;利用通径分析进行戒烟意向的影响因素及作用分析。结果戒烟态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制对戒烟意向起正向作用,尼古丁依赖对戒烟意向起负向作用。对戒烟意向作用大小依次为,知觉行为控制(0.343)、尼古丁依赖(-0.319)、戒烟态度(0.199)和主观规范(0.139)。结论针对冠心病患者戒烟工作,不应仅以宣传吸烟危害为主,而应从行为控制、尼古丁依赖、戒烟态度和主观规范方面入手,采取合理适当措施。     

超声造影技术在肝脏局灶性病变中的应用探究

肝脏超声造影是利用声学造影剂,使肝内的血管、肝组织及肝内病灶显影的超声检查技术。超声造影在心血管领域广泛应用,才将其首次用于肝脏临床。本文说明了超声造影技术在临床的应用价值,简述了超声造影在肝脏局灶性病变的临床应用。     

基于计划行为理论的护理生从事老年护理工作意愿实证研究

目的了解高职院校护理生从事老年护理工作的意愿,为培养护理专业人员提供依据。方法采用分层抽样法选取宁波市某高校不同护理专业和年级的1 176名高职护理生,采用基于计划行为理论设计的问卷进行调查,分析其从事老年人群护理工作的意愿及行动计划。结果 55.96%的护理生愿意从事老年护理工作,其行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制平均得分为(52.12±9.52)、(16.42±6.21)和(31.54±7.94)分。不同专业、年级、有无照顾老人经验、有无接受老年护理知识的护理生,从事老年护理工作的行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。不同专业、有无照顾老人经验及有无接受老年护理知识的护理生,从事老年护理工作的行为意向差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。从事老年护理工作的行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制及行为意向间均呈正相关(P0.01)。行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制均进入回归方程,标准化回归系数分别为0.18、0.35和0.25。结论基于计划行为理论调查显示该地区在培养老年护理人才方面成效初显,高职护理生对从事老年护理工作有较好的职业意愿。     

Impact on maternity professionals of novel approaches to clinical audit feedback

The authors compared three approaches to feedback of clinical audit findings relating to miscarriage in 15 Scottish maternity services (printed report alone; report plus action planning letter; report plus face-to-face facilitated action planning). Clinicians were surveyed to measure theory of planned behavior constructs (in the context of two audit criteria) before and after feedback (n = 253) and assessed perceptions of the audit through in-depth interviews (n = 17). Prefeedback, clinicians had positive attitudes and strong subjective norms and intentions to comply, although perceived behavioral control was lower. Generally, positive attitudes, subjective norms, and intentions increased after feedback but for one of the two criteria (providing a 7-day miscarriage service), perceived behavioral control decreased. No changes over time reached statistical significance, and analysis of covariance (adjusting for prefeedback scores) showed no consistent relationships between method of feedback and postfeedback construct scores. Interviews revealed positive perceptions of audit but frustration at lack of capacity to implement changes. Although interventions that increased intensity of feedback proved feasible and acceptable to clinicians, the authors were unable to demonstrate that they increased intention to comply with audit criteria.     

医养结合下老年人医疗消费行为影响因素分析——以南京市为例

目的:在"医养结合"背景下,老年人能否合理、有效、充分的利用医疗资源,建立良好的医疗消费行为和消费意向,对于实现健康养老、提高老年人生活幸福感具有重要意义。方法:基于南京地区的微观调查数据,利用计划行为理论和结构方程模型对影响该地老年人医疗消费行为和消费意向进行系统分析,从行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制分析医疗消费行为的影响因素。结论:老年人感知看病行为的难易程度与其医疗消费行为意向不存在显著因果关系;老年人的医疗消费行为意向受到其所处的社会网络中各类社会关系的影响;老年人的医疗消费行为受到行为信念、规范信念、行为态度和主观规范的作用。     

Applying the theory of planned behavior to predict dairy product consumption by older adults

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explain intention to consume dairy products and consumption of dairy products by older adults using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The factors examined were attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.

Design: A cross-sectional questionnaire was administered.

Setting: Community centers with congregate dining programs, group classes, and recreational events for older adults.

Subjects: One hundred and sixty-two older adults (mean age 75 years) completed the questionnaire. Subjects were mostly women (76%) and white (65%), with about half having less than a high school education or completing high school.

Variables Measured: Variables based on the TPB were assessed through questionnaire items that were constructed to form scales measuring attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention to consume dairy products. Dairy product consumption was measured using a food frequency questionnaire.

Analysis: Regression analyses were used to determine the association between the scales for the 3 variables proposed in the TPB and intention to consume and consumption of dairy products; the level was set at .05 to determine the statistical significance of results.

Results: Attitudes toward eating dairy products and perceived behavioral control contributed to the model for predicting intention, whereas subjective norms did not. Attitudes toward eating dairy products were slightly more important than perceived behavioral control in predicting intention. In turn, intention was strongly related to dairy product consumption, and perceived behavioral control was independently associated with dairy product consumption.

Conclusions and Implications: These results suggest the utility of the TPB in explaining dairy product consumption for older adults. Nutrition education should focus on improving attitudes and removing barriers to consumption of dairy products for older adults.     

Ethnic Differences in Intention to Enroll in a State Organ Donor Registry and Intention to Talk With Family About Organ Donation

This study compared African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and White Americans on their intentions to enroll in a state organ donor registry and to talk with family about organ donation. The overall results showed that attitudes and subjective norms from the theory of planned behavior were significantly related to intention to enroll whereas perceived behavioral control was not. Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control were significantly related to intention to talk with family. The differences among ethnic groups were small, but the relationship between attitudes and intention to enroll was stronger for Asian Americans and weaker for African Americans than for White Americans. The implications of these and other findings are discussed for organ donation campaigns.     

Pathways from Parental Knowledge and Warmth to Adolescent Marijuana Use: An Extension to the Theory of Planned Behavior

Despite research indicating that effective parenting plays an important protective role in adolescent risk behaviors, few studies have applied theory to examine this link with marijuana use, especially with national data. In the current study (N = 2,141), we hypothesized that parental knowledge (of adolescent activities and whereabouts) and parental warmth are antecedents of adolescents’ marijuana beliefs—attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control—as posited by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB; Ajzen 1991). These three types of beliefs were hypothesized to predict marijuana intention, which in turn was hypothesized to predict marijuana consumption. Results of confirmatory factor analyses corroborated the psychometric properties of the two-factor parenting structure as well as the five-factor structure of the TPB. Further, the proposed integrative predictive framework, estimated with a latent structural equation model, was largely supported. Parental knowledge inversely predicted pro-marijuana attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control; parental warmth inversely predicted pro-marijuana attitudes and subjective norms, ps < .001. Marijuana intention (p < .001), but not perceived behavioral control, predicted marijuana use 1 year later. In households with high parental knowledge, parental warmth also was perceived to be high (r = .54, p < .001). Owing to the analysis of nationally representative data, results are generalizable to the United States population of adolescents 12–18 years of age.     

Applying the theory of planned behavior to women's behavioral attitudes on and consumption of soy products

OBJECTIVE: To identify variables that significantly predict the intention and behavior concerning soy consumption applying the Theory of Planned Behavior and to determine the role of race on women's perspectives and consumption behaviors concerning soy. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey, with self-administered questionnaires. SETTING: City park service programs, community organizations, black cultural classes, and university offices. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 205 black (n = 103) and white (n = 102) women. VARIABLES MEASURED: Women's behavioral attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention, and behavior related to soy consumption. ANALYSIS: Correlation and stepwise regression analysis. RESULTS: All variables in the Theory of Planned Behavior showed significant correlations with behavioral intention, with behavioral attitudes exhibiting the strongest correlation (r = .57, P < .01). Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that behavioral attitude toward taste and subjective norms accounted for 47.7% of the variance in behavioral intention. Behavioral attitude toward taste explained 48.6% of the variability in behavior. There was no difference between races for consumption or Theory of Planned Behavior variables. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: A negative attitude toward the taste of soy was the major predictor for low soy consumption. However, future studies should be undertaken to verify this relationship once more women become aware of and have tasted soy.     

Subjective norms about condoms are better predictors of use and intention to use than attitudes

In a study of the applicability of the Theory of Reasoned Action to condom use, 173 homosexually active men were administered a questionnaire assessing attitudes toward and intentions to use condoms, behavioral beliefs about condoms, and subjective norms and normative behavior regarding condom use. Results indicated that attitudes toward condoms were poor predictors of intention to use condoms, but that subjective norms were good predictors of intention. Previous condom use was a good predictor of intention to use. These data suggest that interventions which emphasize peer-based education are likely to be more useful than those which attempt to alter behavioral beliefs about, and attitudes toward, condoms.     

Factors Related to Physicians' Willingness to Vaccinate Girls Against HPV: The Importance of Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavioral Control

This study assessed factors related to physicians' intentions to vaccinate patients against human papillomavirus. A random sample of physicians was surveyed. The survey questions focused on the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the relationship of theoretical constructs to intention to vaccinate. Of the 207 physicians who responded, intentions to vaccinate were very high (86.5%). On a scale of 1 to 7 (strongly disagree to strongly agree) physicians had positive attitudes toward the vaccine. Physicians reported the vaccine was a good idea (M = 6.65, SD = 0.79), beneficial (M = 6.64, SD = 0.76), and protected against cervical cancer (M = 6.63, SD = 0.77). Intention to vaccinate was driven by subjective norms (provided by guidelines or standards of practice by important professional and general referent groups) (β = 1.00, p < 0.05) and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.39, p < 0.05). These findings indicate that public health efforts to encourage physicians to adopt the human papillomavirus vaccine should focus on subjective norms, such as those provided by professional organizations.