高校冰上课分层次教学的实验研究

冬季冰上课体育教学是高校体育的重要组成部分,是培养大学生综合素质的重要手段之一。传统的冰上课教学未能摆脱纯粹生物体育的教育模式,只重视对学生进行滑冰技能的培养,教学中人文精神与快乐体育的理念比较淡薄。采用问卷调查法、专家访谈法的方法对高校冰上课现状进行调查,发现教学中存在着教学模式陈旧、大学生参与教学的积极性较低、学生对冰上滑行能力的满意度不高、学生学习态度被动,缺乏长期参与冬季体育锻炼的主动意识;通过冰上课分层次教学实验使大学生的学习态度得到改变,学习的积极性、冰上滑行技能等方面得到较大的提高,使大学生在增强体质、增长冰雪文化知识和坚强意志品质的同时,培养了大学生的创新能力、团队意识和社会适应能力。     

以终身体育为理念推进北方高校冰上课教学改革

以终身体育理念为主线,运用理论分析等方法,对冰上课的教学理念和教学体系改革进行探讨,从丰富教学内容、创新教学方法与手段、建立科学的冰上课学习评价体系等方面研究、分析,培养大学生终身体育锻炼意识,促进学生体能的可持续发展,使学生终身受益。     

如何提高女大学生对滑冰课的兴趣

冰上课在东北各高校体育课中占有重要的位置,发现女大学生对冰课不甚感兴趣。如何在有限的教学课时内,调动学生的主动性、积极性,完成教学大纲的要求,提高教学质量,对此进行探讨与分析,并对女大学生冰上课没有兴趣的原因提出相应的改善途径。     

大学生冰上课学习兴趣、需要、动机的调查与分析

为了较好地完成大学生冰上课教学任务,通过对大学生的问卷调查,运用统计学方法,分别得出大学生对冰上课学习的兴趣、需要、动机等3方面的程度百分比,进一步了解和掌握大学生心理,为更好地上好每一节冰上课打下基础。     

高校冰上课教学改革与运动性损伤的预防

黑龙江省高校冬季体育教学水平对我国冰雪体育运动发展起着重要的影响作用,高校冰上课大学生运动性损伤的预防与教学改革是关系到我国冰雪运动普及、推广和提升的重大问题。采用问卷调查、文献资料和数理统计等方法对高校冰上课教学现状与冰上课大学生运动损伤情况进行调查与分析。结果表明：高校冰上课教学场地比较充足,但冰面质量较差,冰上课教学时数较少;多数高校以师范教学方法为主,部分学校采用分组、分层次教学方法和游戏教学方法;教师待遇较低,教师参与教学改革的积极性不高等因素,导致冰上课存在大学生运动性损伤发生率较高的现象。提出转变冬季体育教学的理念,将冬季冰上课体育教学提高到塑造大学生健康人格、促进就业的高度来认识,建立冰上课教学奖励机制,完善教学条件、富教学手段、积极预防运动性损伤。     

提高女大学生冰上课教学质量的途径

冰上课是黑龙江省高校冬季体育教学的必修课,为增强女大学生体质,提高冰上课教学质量为目的,针对绝大多数女大学生冰上课从零开始的特点,对高校女大学生冰上课教学改革进行尝试。采取强化教师示范诱导、因人施教和快乐教学等创新教法,并将消除女大学生冰上课心理障碍,培养勇敢、顽强的意志品质贯穿教学全过程。实践证明,此教法是提高高校女大学生冰上课教学质量的有效途径。     

多元智能理论视角下学生冰上课学习兴趣资源的开发

在阐述多元智能理论实质的基础之上,分析出冰上技能特点和冰上课授课环境、学生自身身体素质的限制、冰上课教学内容和方法单一和冰上课教师素质有待加强等冰上课学生兴趣资源开发的瓶颈 总结出通过教学目标的设置、教学环境、教学方法、课堂教学评价和立体开发教学模式等内容与手段来开发学生的兴趣资源 指出开发学生冰上课兴趣资源有助于学生终身体育意识的形成、有助于学生身心健康的全面发展和有助创设和谐的教学情境等现实意义,为高校冰上课教学改革提供参考。     

浅谈加强高校陆地模仿课的教学

1 前言 陆地模仿课是冰上课的引导课,通过陆地模仿练习,使学生明确速度滑冰的初步概念,使学生的力量、耐力、灵敏、柔韧和协调平衡等素质得到发展,为上冰打下坚实基础。陆地模仿课的有与无、质量的好与坏,将直接影响冰上教学质量。加强高等学校陆地模仿课,对提高教学质量有着重要意义。在多年的教学实践中,我们着重加强了大学生的陆地模仿教学,有一定的效果。     

冰上课教学中如何培养学生的学习兴趣

由于冰上课条件艰苦，学生注意力不集中，组织教学难度较大。因此，在冰上课教学中如何激发学生的学习兴趣，培养学生学习的积极性就变得尤为重要。通过提高教师的主导作用，丰富课上练习内容等方法，激发学生学习兴趣，进而有效提高冰上课教学质量，真正达到冰上课的教学目的。     

普通高校冬季冰上课安全因素分析

冬季冰上课是黑龙江省全日制普通高校的特色课程之一,冰上课的安全直接影响着课程的开展与推广。通过对影响黑龙江省全日制普通高校冰上课安全的外部环境因素、场地器材因素、学生个体因素和教师综合能力因素等进行分析,发现场地平整、清洁是保证冰上课安全有序进行的基本要素;学生对器材的正确选择和保养,外部环境的适宜程度是保证冰上课安全实施的外部条件。同时,学生个体的身体素质和运动能力的强弱;学生自我安全意识;对学生的安全教育培养;学生对相应安全措施的了解程度;教师的运动安全意识;教师个人的专项技术以及教师对教学内容、教学手段和教学方法的掌握是影响冬季冰上课安全的重要因素。通过对各方面影响黑龙江省冬季冰上课安全因素的分析与研究,力求保证冰上课安全有效高质量地进行。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

全国城乡学生体质20年动态分析

基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。     

定向运动对大学生身心健康发展的实践研究

采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

提高重大体育赛事风险识别能力的研究

以风险管理理论为基础,采用文献资料法和访谈法,对重大体育赛事风险识别的理论进行了研究.建构了重大体育赛事风险识别的过程模式;提出了重大体育赛事风险识别的技术方法.