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天然高分子系高吸水性树脂的研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
近年来我国对于高吸水性树脂的需求量逐年增加,采用天然高分子材料如淀粉、纤维素和壳聚糖等作为原料与亲水性乙烯基单体进行接枝共聚制备的高吸水性树脂,产品性能优异,成本低廉,污染少,日益受到重视。本文介绍了此类天然高分子材料制备高吸水性树脂的品种发展。 相似文献
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绿色高吸水性树脂是从高分子材料合成的起始原料着手,选择对环境友好的材料及恰当的合成工艺,充分、合理地利用资源和能源来合成易于降解、对环境无害的高吸水性材料.本着绿色化学的观点,从节约资源和能源、减少环境污染、可持续发展的角度综述了基于可再生天然材料(淀粉、纤维素、壳聚糖、亲水胶体、蛋白质和腐殖酸等)的绿色高吸水树脂的种类、制备、性能等方面的最新进展;指出了提高天然材料亲水改性的效率,增加天然材料在共聚树脂中的比例,在确保树脂吸水保水性能基础上,改善树脂的使用性及功能性是绿色高吸水树脂的研究方向. 相似文献
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研究了以聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯为主原料,采用水基发泡新工艺制作软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的配方,在其基础之上加入魔芋粉、高吸水树脂和尿素以制作生物降解吸水性聚氨酯泡沫化肥。研究表明通过调整聚氨酯泡沫的密度以及魔芋粉、高吸水性树脂的含量可以控制尿素的缓释速度。研究还表明该材料在土壤中可以生物降解。 相似文献
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《材料与设计》2015
Water-swellable rubber (WSR) is a kind of elastomeric material that possesses properties of rubber together with water swelling ability. In WSR, however, super water-absorbent resin does not disperse well in hydrophobic rubber, with very poor interfaces between them, so the hydrophilic part can easily break off from rubber networks and the swelling ability is ultimately lost. This study reports the improved water absorption property and stability of WSR obtained by using electrospun multi-scaled hybrid fiber mats of crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) nanocomposite as water channels. Electrospinning of various superabsorbent fibers with hyperbranched polymer (HB) and/or graphene oxide (GO) was performed. With hybrid fillers added into PAA, spun fiber mats showed the increased water swelling ability due to the presence of spiderweb-like multi-scale structures and enhanced specific surface areas. The mats were added into conventional WSR and the resultant composites showed enhanced water swelling ability. The electrospun fibers acted as internal multi-scale water channels to bridge isolated PAA particles wrapped in hydrophobic rubber together and link the internal PAAs with the composite surface to enhance the short- and long-term water swelling ability of WSR. The effects and mechanisms of those fibers on enhancing water swelling properties of WSR are discussed. 相似文献
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Novel superabsorbent chitin/carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were successfully prepared from mixture of CMC and chitin solution dissolved in 8 wt% NaOH/4 wt% urea aqueous system at low temperature by crosslinking with epichlorohydrin. The morphology and structure of the resultant composite hydrogels were investigated by scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that the stiff chains of chitin are as a strong backbone in the hydrogel to support the pore wall, whereas the CMC contributed to water absorption. The maximum swelling ratio in water reached an exciting level of 1300 as the hydrogels still kept an intact appearance. Moreover, the hydrogels exhibited smart swelling and shrinking behaviors in NaCl and CaCl2 aqueous solution, showing salt-responsive adsorption behaviors in different media. This work provided a “green” pathway to prepare chitin-based superabsorbent hydrogels, which would be potential for the application in the biodegradable water-absorbent material field. 相似文献
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探索了冷冻诱导相分离法制备具有大孔结构的高吸水性树脂的方法。将羧甲基壳聚糖基高吸水树脂在水中溶胀并冷冻后,通过冷冻干燥的方法制得了具有大孔结构的高吸水树脂,这类树脂具有较快的吸水速率。研究了凝胶浓度、预冻温度、溶胀时间和明胶含量等反应条件对所制备树脂结构及溶胀动力学的影响。 相似文献
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高吸水性树脂的微波辐射合成工艺及性能研究 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
针对目前高吸水性树脂合成中存在的问题,采用微波加热提供反应所需热量,以淀粉为原料,过硫酸钾为引发剂,进行丙烯酸接枝共聚反应,开展了高吸水性树脂的微波辐射合成工艺及性能研究,在最佳条件下合成了吸水率为753g/g的高吸水性树脂,性能测试结果表明,该树脂具有良好的吸水和保水性能。本工艺较传统加热合成方法节省时间数10倍,操作条件易于控制,无“三废”排放,是合成高吸水性树脂的清洁生产工艺。 相似文献
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选用可生物降解的纤维素为基本骨架,利用硝酸铈铵作为引发剂处理纤维素,采用超声波辅助方法使其与丙烯酸发生接枝共聚反应,合成高吸水树脂.研究超声波功率、引发剂用量、丙烯酸与微晶纤维素的质量比、中和度、交联剂用量对树脂吸水倍率的影响,并对纤维素系高吸水树脂进行红外光谱和扫描电镜分析.结果表明,最佳工艺条件:超声波功率为500 W,引发剂用量为1.8 mL,丙烯酸与微晶纤维素的质量比为3.0:2.0,中和度为50%,交联剂质量分数为0.10%.此条件下制得的吸水树脂的吸蒸馏水倍率为486倍,吸自来水倍率为173倍.经红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜综合分析,证明超声波处理可以使得微晶纤维素表面发生变化,促进微晶纤维素与丙烯酸的固相接枝共聚,合成的纤维素系高吸水树脂保留了微晶纤维素分子骨架和聚丙烯酸各自的特性,在纤维素大分子表面和无定型区引发了接枝聚合. 相似文献