新疆巴里坤湖9.0 cal ka BP以来沉积物地球化学元素分布特征与古气候环境演化

根据中国西北干旱区巴里坤湖BLK-1剖面沉积物的地化元素分析,采用SPSS因子分析法提取了对沉积环境变化敏感的地化元素和氧化物组分.在R、Q型因子分析的基础上,结合沉积物的硅铁铝率(SiO2/(Al2O3+Fe2O3))、淋失系数(SiO2/(MgO+K2O))、CaO/MgO以及腐殖化度等指标,提取出古气候环境信息.初步研究结果表明:近9.0 cal ka BP以来,巴里坤湖地区气候环境仍以干旱化为主,全新世期间出现过多次不同程度的干湿变化,经历了5个气候阶段:9.0—7.5 cal ka BP期间,气候干旱;7.5—5.8 cal ka BP期间,气候温暖湿润,为研究区全新世最佳适宜期;5.8—3.0 cal ka BP期间,气候干旱;3.0—1.0 cal ka BP期间,气候湿润;1.0—0 cal ka BP期间,气候干旱.     

西藏羊八井七弄沟泥炭剖面地球化学特征及环境意义

泥炭沉积物蕴藏着丰富的区域环境演变信息,本文通过分析西藏羊八井七弄沟泥炭剖面特征元素比值(Fe/Mn,Ba/Sr,K_2O/Na_2O)变化特征,结合剖面腐殖化度和汞含量记录的研究结果,发现西藏羊八井泥炭沉积物中特征元素比值可以指示沉积环境的干湿变化.依据元素地球化学记录,西藏羊八井地区的沉积环境划分为9.1～7.6 cal ka BP温度波动上升阶段,沉积环境较湿润;7.6～4.5 cal ka BP温度剧烈波动阶段,沉积环境逐渐干旱;4.5～3.5 cal ka BP温度波动下降阶段,沉积环境变得暖湿.其中共记录4次沉积环境变干,时间分别为5.8、6.1、8.2以及8.8～8.5 cal ka BP左右,与局部乃至全球的气候变化记录存在良好的对应关系.     

鄂西七姊妹山泥炭藓湿地沉积物粒度特征及其环境意义探讨

以鄂西七姊妹山泥炭藓湿地QZMS钻孔沉积物为研究对象,通过AMS14C测年、岩性特征与沉积物粒度综合分析,探讨了鄂西南山地13 000 cal. a BP以来的沉积环境变迁.研究结果显示：QZMS钻孔沉积物粒度组成主要以细粉砂和中粉砂为主,频率分布曲线均为单峰分布,由下至上,峰度由宽到窄,偏度从近于对称到正偏,揭示了搬运动力和沉积环境的演变过程;综合分析结果表明研究区沉积环境演化可分为4个阶段：1) 12.9～11.6 cal. ka BP,气候波动频率高,但幅度较小,水动力条件相对较弱;2) 11.6～10.2 cal. ka BP为晚更新世向全新世的过渡阶段,水动力条件持续较弱,环境相对稳定;3) 10.2～7.7 cal. ka BP早全新世,气候变得暖湿,水动力条件较前一阶段有所增强,泥炭藓湿地开始形成;4) 7.7～2.0 cal. ka BP气候暖湿,水动力条件达到最强,峰度和偏度波动频率低,但幅度增大,为沼泽湿地环境.研究表明七姊妹山泥炭藓湿地沉积物的粒度粗细与区域内水文条件和物源的变化密切相关,借助粒度组成和参数特征,可反演该区域的沉积环境演变,揭示泥炭藓湿地发育形成的过程,为该地区泥炭藓湿地的保护和气候环境变化研究提供科学参考.     

江淮东部平原晚更新世末植被演替及气候变化

在对位于江淮东部平原的江苏兴化蒋家舍地层剖面进行野外考察采样、AMS14 C年代测定和孢粉分析的基础上,初步探讨了研究区晚更新世末的植被演替及气候变化.结果表明:1)27.9-13.5cal.ka BP,剖面中孢粉含量高,植物的科属也丰富.其中,27.9-26.7cal.ka BP、14.5-14.2 cal.ka BP时段研究区植被为针阔叶混交林,反映气候温暖较湿润,而26.7-14.5 cal.ka BP期间地层出现沉积间断,气候寒冷干燥;14.2-13.5 cal.ka BP时段草本植物含量较高,总体为针阔叶混交林草原植被,气候温凉稍干.2)13.5-12.6cal.ka BP,剖面中孢粉含量较低,植物的科属也较贫乏,木本植物所占百分比较低,草本植物花粉含量相对较高.其中,13.5-12.8 cal.ka BP为覆盖度趋低的针阔叶混交林或草原植被,气候向干冷发展,12.8-12.6 cal.ka BP时段为针阔叶混交林植被,木本植物含量有所上升,反映气候稍暖湿.3)针叶乔木松属花粉和蕨类植物水蕨科植物孢子在剖面中自下而上均有不同程度的分布,常绿阔叶和落叶阔叶类出现率较低,这种现象跟当地现代植被的植物组合略有差异.     

藏北库木库里盆地KM剖面晚更新世沉积物粒度特征及其环境意义

对青藏高原东北缘库木库里盆地阿牙克库木湖南缘的KM剖面沉积物进行了粒度分析,剖面粒度组成主要以细粉砂和砂粒占优势,质量分数分别为39.2%、26.9%.剖面粒度整体分选较差,频率分布曲线呈现多峰分布的特征,偏度从极负偏到正偏、峰态从窄到宽,反映了多种搬运方式存在;各粒度组分的分析结果表明研究区气候演化可以划分为5个阶段:1)22.0～21.0 ka BP气候冷干,湖泊水位低,西风较强,沙尘暴频繁;2)21.0～16.0 ka BP气候较前一阶段湿润,湖泊水位升高,西风减弱,沙尘暴减少;3)16.0～10.5 ka BP气候冷干、不稳定,波动幅度大,风力作用强,湖泊水位浅,沙尘暴增多;4)10.5～3.5 ka BP气候最为暖湿,西风减弱,湖水水位上升,湖泊水位达到剖面最高;5)3.5～2.0 ka BP湖泊水位降低,风力作用较强,气候变得干冷.末次盛冰期以来,受控于北大西洋气候的西风起主导作用,研究区气候随着西风的增强而变得冷干,湖泊水位降低,沙尘暴较为频繁,直至全新世受控于北纬65?太阳辐射强度的季风占主导作用,气候最为暖湿,沙尘暴较少,晚全新世以来随着太阳辐射的减弱,季风减弱,气候再次朝着冷干方向发展.     

达连海沉积物粒度特征及其古环境意义

利用达连海湖心浅井的粒度资料,分析了粒度组成、粒度频率曲线等粒度特征,并探讨了达连海粒度代表的古气候意义。结果表明,达连海沉积物频率曲线主要是正态单峰型,反映流水作用为主要沉积作用。湖心底部降水较多,湖面高,沉积物以细组分占绝对优势,频率曲线显示物源较单一,为深水沉积环境,但后期环境有所变化;中下部降水相对稀少,湖面降低,沉积物以粗组分含量增加,环境可能进一步恶化;中上部湖面上升,细组分含量增加,频率曲线显示物源由复杂变单一,为浅水沉积向深水沉积过渡环境;上部沉积物粗细间隔连续变化,频率曲线显示物源复杂,反映湖区环境进一步恶化,风砂活动频繁。沉积物粒度特征反映了达连海中全新世以来降水、流水和风力作用以及湖面水位高低的变化。达连海5 000多年来的古气候环境演化大致经历了5 600~5 100 cal a BP的湿润、5 100~2 500 cal a BP的干旱、2 500~800 cal a BP的偏湿和800 cal a BP以来的偏干4个阶段。     

新疆巴里坤湖全新世湖泊沉积物稳定氮同位素的气候与环境意义研究

选择位于西风环流显著影响的新疆巴里坤湖作为研究对象,结合对位于湖心部位的人工开挖剖面的多指标包括有机碳同位素（δ13C）、有机质含量（OM）和碳氮比（C/N）的对比分析和验证,发现该湖泊沉积物的δ15N记录较好地响应了过去9400年以来气候环境的变化,依据其波动变化特征,可以划分出以下阶段:9 400~7 300 cal. a BP期间,δ15N值偏低且剧烈波动,暗示了气候状况较为干旱且不稳定;7 300~5 900 cal. a BP期间,δ15N值偏高,指示气候相对湿润;5 900~3 100 cal. a BP期间,δ15N由相对高值降为低值,指示气候环境由湿转干;3 100~1 100 cal. a BP期间,δ15N总体呈现相对高值,但后期呈下降趋势,指示了此阶段中气候特征由相对湿润转向干旱;但在1100~0 cal. a BP期间偏高的δ15N值,则可能受到了增强的人类活动的影响．本研究表明,巴里坤湖沉积物δ15N记录对于恢复研究区全新世气候与环境变化的特征与历史等方面具有较好的应用潜力和前景．     

洞庭盆地末次冰期中晚期以来黑褐色土壤剖面野火记录及气候关联

洞庭盆地澧阳玉成黑褐色土壤剖面记录了末次冰期中晚期以来火生态的演变过程.通过野外采样和分析测试,参照可靠AMS-14C测年和考古数据断代,利用沉积物中高分辨率炭屑和黑碳数据,探讨该区域末次冰期中晚期以来的野火发生和快速气候变化以及植被演替的相互作用.结果表明:该研究区域氧同位素MIS3(Marine Isotope Stage,56.0~23.0 ka BP)期间,气候冷干向暖干转变,野火发生十分有限;氧同位素MIS2(23.0~10.6 ka BP)阶段,气候冷湿,C_3木本植被明显增加.然而,随着百年-千年尺度气候冷事件发生,冬季风加强和可燃物干燥程度的增加,促使区域和本地野火普遍发生;氧同位素MIS1(10.6~7.0 ka BP)阶段,随着气温和降水的增加,植被由温带落叶阔叶混交林(C_3木本)所取代,致使区域野火明显下降.洞庭盆地野火发生与末次冰期快速突变气候事件(Heinrich and Younger Drays events)密切关联表明千年尺度野火机制模式受到北半球太阳辐射所控制的东亚夏季风强弱和全球冰量变化以及植被演替的共同影响.     

豫西渑池盆地沉积剖面粒度特征及其环境意义

渑池盆地是黄河中游的一处峡谷,周边的黄河两岸是中华民族的重要发祥地之一.研究盆地区全新世以来的环境变化过程对新石器时代人类文明的研究具有重要意义.本文通过对渑池盆地池底村古湖泊沉积进行剖面观察、连续采样、14C年代测定(校正为日历年龄)和粒度组成分析,发现剖面沉积物的粒度特征较好地反映了渑池盆地的古气候和古湖泊水位变化情况.剖面粒度组成和粒度参数等变化特征揭示,渑池盆地末次冰盛期以来古湖盆流域的气候环境演化序列为:19 543～8 039 cal.a BP期间,早期对应于末次冰期,气候比较干燥,古湖泊尚未形成,进入全新世气候由干冷向暖湿化方向转变,古湖泊开始形成;8 039～3 473 cal.a BP期间,气候环境处在一个相对比较稳定的时期,此阶段相当于全新世大暖期,气候温暖湿润,湖泊水位最高;3 473～2 897 cal.a BP期问,气候波动剧烈,总体上气候较前一段干旱,湖泊水位下降;2 897～2 422 cal.a BP期间,气候干旱,古湖泊干涸.渑池盆地的环境变化过程与周边地区有较好的对应性.     

新疆巴里坤湖 9.0cal.ka BP来沉积物地球化学元素分布特征与古气候环境演化

根据中国西北干旱区巴里坤湖BLK-1剖面沉积物的地化元素分析,采用SPSS因子分析法提取了对沉积环境变化敏感的地化元素和氧化物组分. 在 R、Q 型因子分析的基础上,结合沉积物的硅铁铝率（SiO2/（Al2O3+Fe2O3））、淋失系数（SiO2/（MgO+K2O））、CaO/MgO以及腐殖化度等指标,提取出古气候环境信息. 初步研究结果表明:近9.0cal ka BP以来,巴里坤湖地区气候环境仍以干旱化为主,全新世期间出现过多次不同程度的干湿变化,经历了5个气候阶段:9.0～7.5cal kaBP期间,气候干旱;7.5～5.8cal kaBP期间,气候温暖湿润,为研究区全新世最佳适宜期;5.8～3.0cal kaBP期间,气候干旱;3.0～1.0cal kaBP期间,气候湿润;1.0～0cal kaBP期间,气候干旱.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-