Factors influencing accuracy of CT-guided percutaneous biopsies of pulmonary lesions

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance and complication rate of CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy of pulmonary lesions using a coaxial automated biopsy device and to determine factors influencing the false negative rate for the diagnosis of malignancy. A prospective study of 605 consecutive biopsies performed in 595 patients was undertaken. The performances for the diagnosis of malignancy, for the specific diagnosis of benignity and the complication rate were calculated. Patients characteristics and lesion and procedure variables were included in a logistic regression model and analyzed as potential predictive variables for occurrence of a false-negative diagnosis of malignancy. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for a diagnosis of malignancy were 92.2, 99.1, 99.8 and 73.3%, respectively. A specific diagnosis of benignity was obtained in 43 cases (40%) biopsies. The pneumothorax rate was 17.4% (n=105) with 3 (0.5%) requiring drainage. At multivariate analysis, the sole variable significantly associated with a higher rate of false negative diagnosis of malignancy was lesion size equal to or smaller than 10 mm in diameter. Using a coaxial automated device, CT-guided percutaneous biopsy of pulmonary lesions of size equal to or less than 10 mm in diameter provides a high diagnostic yield with an acceptable complication rate.     

Percutaneous CT-Guided Biopsy of the Lung: Comparison Between Aspiration and Automated Cutting Needles Using a Coaxial Technique

Purpose: To compare the accuracy and complication rate of two different CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy techniques: fine needle aspiration and an automated biopsy device. Methods: Two consecutive series of respectively 125 (group A) and 98 (group B) biopsies performed using 20–22 gauge coaxial fine needle aspiration (group A) and an automated 19.5 gauge coaxial biopsy device (group B) were compared in terms of their accuracy and complication rate. Results: Groups A and B included respectively 100 (80%) and 77 (79%) malignant lesions and 25 (20%) and 18 (21%) benign lesions. No significant difference was found between the two series concerning patients, lesions, and procedural variables. For a diagnosis of malignancy, a statistically significant difference in sensitivity was found (82.7% vs 97.4%) between results obtained with the automated biopsy device and fine needle aspiration respectively. For a diagnosis of malignancy, the false negative rate of the biopsy result was significantly higher (p <0.005) in group A (17%) than in group B (2.6%). For a specific diagnosis of benignity, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (44% vs 26%) but the automated biopsy device provided fewer indeterminate cases. There was no difference between the two groups concerning the pneumothorax rate, which was 20% in group A and 15% in group B, or the hemoptysis rate, which was 2.4% in group A and 4% in group B. Conclusion: For a diagnosis of malignancy when a cytopathologist is not available on-site, automated biopsy devices provide a lower rate of false negative results and a similar complication rate to fine needle aspiration.     

Touch-preparation cytologic examination of breast core biopsy specimens: Accuracy in predicting benign or malignant core histologic results

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of touch-preparation cytologic examination of breast core biopsy specimens in predicting benign or malignant core histologic results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred two core biopsies were performed on 88 women with stereotactic or ultrasonographic (US) guidance. Slides were prepared by smearing one core sample on each slide, spraying the slides with fixative, and staining them with the Papanicolaou technique. Slides were blindly reviewed by a cytopathologist. Cytologic results were categorized as positive for malignancy, not diagnostic for malignancy, or insufficient for diagnosis. Results were correlated with histologic results from all specimens obtained during the core biopsy. RESULTS: Imaging depicted the lesions sampled for biopsy as masses (n = 70), clustered calcifications (n = 29), focal asymmetries (n = 2), or architectural distortion (n = 1). Touch-preparation slides of 87 (85%) lesions contained sufficient material for diagnosis. Cytologic results correctly identified 12 of 16 (three of five intraductal and nine of 11 invasive) malignancies in 10 of 13 masses and two of three clusters of calcifications. Two false-positive results occurred, both with fibroadenomas. Overall, touch-preparation studies produced 69 true-negative and four false-negative results. Excluding slides with insufficient material, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of touch-preparation results were 75%, 97%, and 93%, respectively. Including insufficient samples, accuracy was 79%. CONCLUSION: Although touch-preparation cytologic examination of breast core biopsy specimens is fairly accurate in prediction of benign or malignant core histologic results, its correlation with histologic results is not sufficient to justify routine use in immediate counseling and treatment planning.     

Support vector machines for diagnosis of breast tumors on US images

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Breast cancer has become the leading cause of cancer deaths among women in developed countries. To decrease the related mortality, disease must be treated as early as possible, but it is hard to detect and diagnose tumors at an early stage. A well-designed computer-aided diagnostic system can help physicians avoid misdiagnosis and avoid unnecessary biopsy without missing cancers. In this study, the authors tested one such system to determine its effectiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Many computer-aided diagnostic systems for ultrasonography are based on the neural network model and classify breast tumors according to texture features. The authors tested a refinement of this model, an advanced support vector machine (SVM), in 250 cases of pathologically proved breast tumors (140 benign and 110 malignant), and compared its performance with that of a multilayer propagation neural network. RESULTS: The accuracy of the SVM for classifying malignancies was 85.6% (214 of 250); the sensitivity, 95.45% (105 of 110); the specificity, 77.86% (109 of 140); the positive predictive value, 77.21% (105 of 136); and the negative predictive value, 95.61% (109 of 114). CONCLUSION: The SVM proved helpful in the imaging diagnosis of breast cancer. The classification ability of the SVM is nearly equal to that of the neural network model, and the SVM has a much shorter training time (1 vs 189 seconds). Given the increasing size and complexity of data sets, the SVM is therefore preferable for computer-aided diagnosis.     

Two-year follow-up of stereotactically guided 9-G breast biopsy: a multicenter evaluation of a self-contained vacuum-assisted device

PurposeTo evaluate the performance of a self-contained, battery-driven, vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) system for the sampling of clustered breast microcalcifications and masses under stereotactic guidance.Methods and materialsA total of 144 patients (median age: 56 years; range: 21–87 years) in four European breast centers underwent percutaneous 9-gauge (G), stereotactic-guided VABB. The median lesion size was 11 mm (range 2–60 mm). Patients were biopsied in the prone (n=125) or upright position (n=19). All patients were followed up for at least 24 months.ResultsThe stereotactic procedure was successful in 142 (98.6%) of 144 cases, with two cases cancelled due to either severe patient motion (one case) or failure to detect faint calcifications (one case). A median of 12 specimens per procedure was obtained. In 39 cases (27.5%), the suspicious lesion could no longer be detected mammographically after the biopsy procedure. The histological diagnosis was malignancy in 45 (31.7%) cases. One case of atypical ductal hyperplasia diagnosed preoperatively was upgraded to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) at operation, giving an overall sensitivity of 97.7% for the vacuum-assisted biopsy procedure. In two cases where DCIS was diagnosed at vacuum-assisted biopsy, the malignant tissue was apparently completely removed and could no longer be found at operation. No serious complications occurred. During the follow-up period, no breast cancers appeared at the location of biopsy. Six patients dropped out during the follow-up period.ConclusionThe self-contained, vacuum-assisted biopsy device is well suited for stereotactically guided breast biopsies, having demonstrated excellent sensitivity and specificity in the preoperative workup of mammographically detected breast lesions after 2 years of follow-up.     

胃MALT淋巴瘤54例临床分析

目的 探讨胃黏膜相关淋巴样组织(MALT)淋巴瘤的临床诊断与治疗.方法 回顾性分析手术切除并经病理证实的54例胃MALT淋巴瘤的诊断与治疗情况,并对其中48例进行随访,随访时间为12～159个月.结果 胃MALT淋巴瘤临床表现以腹痛和腹部不适常见,术前胃镜及病理活检确诊率达 85.2%(46/54),幽门螺杆菌检出阳性率88.9%(48/54),全组手术切除率87%(47/54),5、10年生存率分别为77.1%和72.9%.结论 幽门螺杆菌感染与胃MALT淋巴瘤存在一定关联.胃MALT淋巴瘤无特异临床症状,术前诊断均依靠胃镜及活检.对于胃MALT淋巴瘤,根除Hp治疗,外科手术切除原发灶,联合术后化疗或放疗是合理的.     

超声引导穿刺活检技术在甲状腺疾病诊断中的应用价值

目的：探讨超声引导穿刺活检技术在甲状腺疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法：对233例甲状腺疾病患者进行穿刺活检。结果：淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎56例,结节性甲状腺肿伴淋巴细胞浸润性甲状腺炎9例,甲状腺机能亢进47例,甲状腺机能亢进伴淋巴细胞浸润性甲状腺炎6例,结节性甲状腺肿71例,甲状腺腺瘤25例,甲状腺囊腺瘤11例,甲状腺癌5例。活检成功230例,3例取材量少无法诊断。2例出现皮下血肿。结论：超声引导下穿刺活检诊断甲状腺疾病简便、安全、取材准确可靠、成功率高。     

应用CT引导胸壁及胸膜缘病变穿刺活检术27例分析

目的探讨基层医院应用CT引导穿刺活检术在诊断胸壁及胸膜缘病变的可行性及手术方法。方法在螺旋CT引导下分别对27例患者行穿刺活检术,分析取材的准确性及并发症的发生率。结果 27个病灶穿刺成功率100%,病变定性诊断确诊率92%(25/27),并发症发生率7%(2/27)。结论 CT引导下同轴穿刺活检术是一种简单、安全、准确的诊断方法,有条件的基层医院应该积极开展应用。     

Sonographically Guided Core Biopsy of the Breast: Comparison of 14-Gauge Automated Gun and 11-Gauge Directional Vacuum-Assisted Biopsy Methods

Objective

To compare the outcomes of 14-gauge automated biopsy and 11-gauge vacuum-assisted biopsy for the sonographically guided core biopsies of breast lesions.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all sonographically guided core biopsies performed from January 2002 to February 2004. The sonographically guided core biopsies were performed with using a 14-gauge automated gun on 562 breast lesions or with using an 11-gauge vacuum-assisted device on 417 lesions. The histologic findings were compared with the surgical, imaging and follow-up findings. The histologic underestimation rate, the repeat biopsy rate and the false negative rates were compared between the two groups.

Results

A repeat biopsy was performed on 49 benign lesions because of the core biopsy results of the high-risk lesions (n = 24), the imaging-histologic discordance (n = 5), and the imaging findings showing disease progression (n = 20). The total underestimation rates, according to the biopsy device, were 55% (12/22) for the 14-gauge automated gun biopsies and 36% (8/22) for the 11-gauge vacuum-assisted device (p = 0.226). The atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) underestimation (i.e., atypical ductal hyperplasia at core biopsy and carcinoma at surgery) was 58% (7/12) for the 14-gauge automated gun biopsies and 20% (1/5) for the 11-gauge vacuum-assisted biopsies. The ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) underestimation rate (i.e., ductal carcinoma in situ upon core biopsy and invasive carcinoma found at surgery) was 50% (5/10) for the 14-gauge automated gun biopsies and 41% (7/17) for the 11-gauge vacuum-assisted biopsies. The repeat biopsy rates were 6% (33/562) for the 14-gauge automated gun biopsies and 3.5% (16/417) for the 11-gauge vacuum-assisted biopsies. Only 5 (0.5%) of the 979 core biopsies were believed to have missed the malignant lesions. The false-negative rate was 3% (4 of 128 cancers) for the 14-gauge automated gun biopsies and 1% (1 of 69 cancers) for the 11-gauge vacuum-assisted biopsies.

Conclusion

The outcomes of the sonographically guided core biopsies performed with the 11-gauge vacuum-assisted device were better than those outcomes of the biopsies performed with the 14-gauge automated gun in terms of underestimation, rebiopsy and the false negative rate, although these differences were not statistically significant.     

肝纤维化分子显像的研究进展

肝纤维化是一种伴随慢性肝病的病理过程,具有较高的发病率和病死率。目前诊断肝纤维化的金标准是肝活检术,但肝活检术有其局限性,且目前尚无有效的无创诊断肝纤维化的手段。在肝纤维化的早期阶段,其可通过治疗“逆转”,因此,肝纤维化的诊断和精确分期在控制该疾病中非常重要。由于分子影像学技术具有无创、特异度高等优点,因此其发展具有巨大潜力。笔者对磁共振分子影像学技术和核医学分子影像学技术在肝纤维化诊断和分期方面的最新进展进行概述。     

Computed tomography of cortical desmoid

The diagnosis of cortical desmoid in the typical case is easily established using conventional radiography. In atypical cases, the use of computed tomography (CT) may be helpful in diagnosis. We report the use of computed tomography in two patients with cortical desmoids. In one case plain radiographic findings were not diagnostic and the use of CT obviated biopsy. The finding of a desmoid in an atypical location, the insertion site of the medial head of the gastrocnemius tendon, is discussed.     

CT-guided biopsy with cutting-edge needle for the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma: experience of 267 biopsies

AIM: We performed a retrospective study of 267 core needle aspiration biopsies in order to estimate the accuracy of CT-guided aspiration core needle biopsies for the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of malignant lymphoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1989 and 1999, 267 CT-guided core needle biopsies were performed in 241 patients with either primary or recurrent malignant lymphoma. Patients age ranged from 4--88 years. One hundred and sixty-six (62.2%) nodal and 101 (37.8%) extranodal aspiration biopsies were performed using either 18G or 20G Turner needles. Statistical method used was Chi-square analysis. RESULTS: An accurate histological diagnosis was made in 199 (82.5%) patients, the remaining 42 (17.4%) patients had non-diagnostic CT biopsies. Thirty-seven of them were diagnosed by a surgical biopsy, four by bone marrow biopsy and in one patient by paracentesis. One hundred and seventy-nine patients had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 62 had Hodgkin's disease (HD); 23 (9.54%) patients underwent repeated CT biopsy which was diagnostic in 17 (73.9%) and non-diagnostic in six (26%). CONCLUSION: CT-guided aspiration core biopsies were sufficient to establish a diagnosis in lymphoproliferative disorders in 82.5% of cases. In the light of this experience we suggest that imaging-guided core needle biopsy be used as the first step in the work up of many patients with lymphoma.     

军人肝病患者的临床与肝穿病理学特点研究

目的探讨军人肝病患者的流行病学、血清学、临床表现及肝穿组织病理学特点。方法对231例住院军人肝穿患者的年龄、性别、入伍地、兵种、职别、临床表现、实验室检查及肝穿组织病理学特点进行调查分析。结果 231例住院军人患者中,男202例,女29例,发病年龄18～73(29.7±9.1)岁,其中18～25岁年龄段所占比例(48.1%)较高,55岁以上所占比例(7.4%)较低。病毒感染性肝病占68.0%,其中战友间传染发病占14.0%,非感染性肝病占32.0%;慢性肝损伤占64.9%,急性肝损伤占35.1%;士兵占47.2%,干部占38.1%,士官占8.7%,其他占6.1%。结论军人肝病患者平均发病年龄较低,以18～25岁为主;士兵所占比例高于干部;病毒性感染所致肝损伤、慢性肝损伤比例较高。对急性肝损伤应进行肝穿病理诊断并及时采取治疗措施,以防止病程慢性化。     

Imaging findings in congenital hepatic fibrosis

Congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) is a rare congenital multisystemic disorder, mostly inherited in autosomal recessive fashion, primarily affecting renal and hepatobiliary systems. Main underlying process of the disease is the malformation of the ductal plate, the embryological precursor of the biliary system, and secondary biliary strictures and periportal fibrosis ultimately leading to portal hypertension. The natural course of the disease is highly variable ranging from minimally symptomatic disease to true cirrhosis of the liver. However, in most patients the most common manifestations of the diseases that are related to portal hypertension, particularly splenomegaly and bleeding varices. Many other disease processes may co-exist with the disease including Caroli's disease, choledochal cysts and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) reflecting the mulstisystemic nature of the disease. The associating biliary ductal disease led the authors to think that all these entities are a continuum and different reflections of the same underlying pathophysiological process. Although, conventional method of diagnosis of CHF is the liver biopsy the advent of imaging technologies and modalities, today, may permit the correct diagnosis in a non-invasive manner. Characteristic imaging features are generally present and recognition of these findings may obviate liver biopsy while preserving the diagnostic accuracy. In this article, it is aimed to increase the awareness of the practising radiologists to the imaging findings of this uncommon clinical disorder and trail the blaze for future articles relating to this issue.     

原发性肺淋巴瘤11例临床分析

目的 探讨原发性肺淋巴瘤(PPL)的临床特点、诊断和治疗方法.方法 收集解放军总医院1997～2006年间经病理证实的PPL患者11例,回顾性总结并结合文献对其临床表现、影像学特征、组织病理学特点、支气管镜下表现、诊断及治疗方法进行分析.结果 PPL为少见病,临床症状表现不典型,很难确诊.主要症状为咳嗽、胸闷、发热等.影像学可见单发、多发结节,毛玻璃影,纤维条索影以及实变影,可重叠出现,多伴支气管充气征.纤维支气管镜下一般无明显异常改变.PPL需要通过手术或在CT引导下经皮肺穿刺取得病灶组织后,结合其病理学和免疫组化检查结果才能确诊.治疗以手术和化疗为主,低度恶性者预后良好.结论 PPL临床表现不典型,易误诊,确诊依赖于病理组织学检查,手术或术后辅以化疗可取得较满意疗效.     

粗针穿刺活检在纵隔T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤与B1型胸腺瘤鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 分析纵隔T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤(T-LBL)和B1型胸腺瘤病例的临床和病理学特点,提高粗针穿刺活检在这两种疾病鉴别诊断中的准确性.方法 收集连续诊断的34例T-LBL和10例B1型胸腺瘤患者作为研究对象,均接受纵隔粗针穿刺活检获取标本,并经手术标本病理诊断确认.收集两组患者的临床资料,对比其粗针穿刺活检标本的组织病理学和免疫表型的差异.结果 T-LBL患者以小于30岁为主(73％),男性发病明显多于女性,男女比3.3∶1.B1型胸腺瘤平均年龄43岁(40岁以上占50％),男女比2∶3.T-LBL患者均有胸闷、气短、咳嗽等临床症状;B1型胸腺瘤患者中3例出现胸闷气短症状,2例出现重症肌无力症状.影像学特征:两组患者均为前纵隔单发肿物,肿块＞10cm者在T-LBL患者中占88％,在B1型胸腺瘤患者中仅占50％.T-LBL患者全部可见肿瘤侵犯引起的胸腔或心包腔积液,而B1型胸腺瘤无此特征.病理学特征:T-LBL的瘤细胞在纤维组织中呈“列兵样”浸润性生长(65％),有骨骼肌组织侵犯(41％)和肿瘤性坏死(21％),而B1型胸腺瘤无此特征.所有B1型胸腺瘤均保留胸腺小叶结构,可见粗大纤维间隔,但仅3％的T-LBL保留胸腺小叶结构.免疫组化染色显示所有B1型胸腺瘤均可见完整的细胞角蛋白网,但T-LBL的细胞角蛋白网破坏.T-LBL和B1型胸腺瘤出现周围脂肪组织浸润的比例有差异,分别为59％和20％.结论 T-LBL与B1型胸腺瘤在患者性别、发病年龄、临床症状及影像学改变上有明显差异,以病理学特征的改变最具鉴别意义.密切联系临床表现与组织病理学改变有助于提高纵隔粗针穿刺活检在两种疾病鉴别诊断中的价值.     

Imaging-histologic discordance at sonographically guided percutaneous biopsy of breast lesions

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of imaging-histologic discordance at percutaneous breast biopsy and to evaluate differences in clinical and radiologic findings between pathologically upgraded lesions and non-upgraded lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From February 2000 to June 2005, we reviewed 386 cases that had suspicious imaging findings but yielded benign histology at US-core needle biopsy and that underwent subsequent excisional biopsy. In 74 of 386 cases, the benign histology at core needle biopsy could not provide a satisfactory explanation for the radiologically suspicious lesions. The clinical, radiologic and histologic findings were reviewed for those 74 cases that were classified as the upgrade group and the non-upgrade group after excisional biopsy. RESULTS: The upgrade rate was 17.6% (95% confidence interval, 10.6-27.8%, 13 of 74 cases) revealed upgraded pathology at the subsequent excisional biopsy. Besides the size of masses, there were no statistically significant differences in imaging findings between the upgrade and non-upgrade groups at excisional biopsy. CONCLUSION: This upgrade rate of 17.6% suggests that excisional biopsy or re-biopsy is warranted in those cases presenting imaging-histologic discordance at US-guided core biopsy.     

MAGNUM活检枪经皮肺穿刺活检的临床应用

目的:探讨CT导向下MAGNUM活检枪在经皮肺穿刺活检术中的临床应用价值.方法:对临床及影像学不能确诊的肺部病变94例行CT导向下MAGNUM活检枪经皮肺穿刺活检.结果:94例(100%)穿刺成功;88例(94%)获得正确诊断,其中肺癌53例,结核16例,慢性炎性病变19例;并发症主要为气胸和出血,其发生率分别为9%和16%.结论:CT导向下MAGNUM活检枪经皮肺穿刺活检术操作简便,诊断准确,值得临床进一步推广应用.     

超声导向穿刺活检对Duchenne型肌营养不良症的诊断价值

目的:探讨超声导向穿刺活检对Duchenne型肌营养不良症(DMD)的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析14例DMD患者,在高频率超声导向下用Bard活检枪和18G切割活检针进行经皮穿刺活检。结果:穿刺活检成功率及诊断准确率为100%,且无并发症发生。结论:超声导向穿刺活检技术微创、安全,直接获取病变组织,诊断准确率高,为临床诊断DMD提供了一种有效方法。     

会阴部Paget病19例的诊断与治疗分析

目的　探讨会阴部Paget病的诊治方案及其注意事项。方法　分析 19例会阴部Paget病的临床资料、诊治经过及随访结果。结果　 19例均经病理检查证实。 16例获随访 ,其中 3例手术后 1年复发 ;1例术后 2～ 3年死于广泛转移 ;1例术后 5年死于其他疾病 ;11例 5年无复发。结论　本病易误诊为湿疹等 ,对难治性湿疹样改变应早期活检 ,局部广泛切除是本病首选治疗方法