盐和PEG胁迫对丝瓜幼苗抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量的影响

测试不同浓度NaCl和PEG胁迫条件下丝瓜幼苗体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖(SS)、叶绿素含量的变化情况.结果表明,在两种胁迫处理条件下,三种抗氧化酶活性均高于对照;MDA含量随NaCl处理浓度的增加先上升后下降, PEG胁迫条件下MDA含量随处理浓度的增加而下降;可溶性糖(SS)含量随NaCl处理浓度的增加先上升后下降,随PEG处理浓度的增加明显上升;两种处理条件下叶绿素含量均随处理浓度增加而下降.     

NaCl处理对胡杨生长及生理生态特征的影响

以胡杨(Populus euphratica)幼株为材料,采用盆栽试验研究不同NaCl浓度(0、50、100、200 mmol·L-1和400 mmol·L-1)处理对胡杨生长及叶片过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性、水势、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量的影响。结果表明:在≥200 mmol·L-1NaCl处理下,胡杨株高较对照显著减少,在400 mmol·L-1NaCl处理下,基茎粗较对照显著减少,在NaCl浓度≥100 mmol·L-1时,冠幅面积和叶、枝干重较对照显著减少,根干重随NaCl浓度的增加呈显著线性减少趋势。在NaCl浓度≥200 mmol·L-1时,根冠比较对照显著减少。H2O2和MDA含量随NaCl处理浓度升高呈增加趋势。低浓度NaCl处理下(50 mmol·L-1),胡杨叶片SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性较对照均有所提高,在NaCl浓度≥100 mmol·L-1时,SOD、POD和APX活性较对照降低。胡杨叶片水势随NaCl处理浓度升高而降低。在NaCl处理90 d后,胡杨叶片可溶性糖含量随NaCl浓度升高呈逐渐降低趋势。胡杨叶片脯氨酸含量随NaCl处理浓度增加呈先增加后减少的趋势。     

NaCl 胁迫对甜高粱幼苗保护酶活性等生理特性的影响

采用不同浓度NaCl溶液(100 mmol/L、200 mmol/L)胁迫处理甜高粱幼苗,测定了叶片中叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量及三种保护酶活性等生理指标。结果表明:100 mmol/L和200 mmol/L处理的甜高粱幼苗质膜相对透性、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量升高;可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量降低;保护酶系统中叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均升高,且在100 mmol/L浓度处理下达到最大,而过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈先升高再降低趋势。NaCl胁迫对甜高粱幼苗的一些生理特性产生一定影响。     

NaCl胁迫对剑麻幼苗根毛生长及其生理代谢的影响

以剑麻幼苗为材料,探讨了不同浓度NaCl模拟盐胁迫对剑麻幼苗根毛生长的影响,及胁迫下叶片膜相对透性、丙二醛(MDA)、游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量及过氧化物酶(POD)活性和同工酶的变化。结果表明,0.4%NaCl对剑麻根毛的生长抑制作用较轻,且随着NaCl胁迫浓度提高和时间增加,剑麻幼苗根毛受损伤的程度加强;同时叶片膜相对透性和丙二醛(MDA)含量明显升高。本研究结果还表明,较高的盐胁迫引起了剑麻幼苗脯氨酸含量和POD活性的显著增加,以及POD同工酶图谱的变化,因此,推断剑麻幼苗可能通过提高游离脯氨酸含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性来抵抗NaCl的胁迫伤害作用,提高其对盐分的适应性。     

硬枝碱蓬幼苗对盐旱胁迫的生理响应

以硬枝碱蓬幼苗为材料,通过NaCl和PEG6000设置不同程度的盐旱处理,对硬枝碱蓬苗期抗性生理指标进行测定,研究其的抗盐性和抗旱性。结果表明:1)与对照(0)相比,在NaCl为100~500 mmol/L范围内,随着NaCl浓度升高,硬枝碱蓬幼苗的相对电导率和丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著变化,脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈增加的趋势;2)与对照(0)相比,在渗透势为-0.7~-0.1 MPa范围内,硬枝碱蓬幼苗的相对电导率和丙二醛含量在高渗透时无显著变化,但在低渗透势时显著增加,脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、CAT活性随着渗透的下降呈增加趋势,POD活性随着渗透的下降呈先下降后增加的趋势;3)综合盐旱处理下硬枝碱蓬幼苗的生理指标变化,硬枝碱蓬幼苗表现出较好的抗盐性和抗旱性,但低渗透势(-0.7 MPa)会对其幼苗造成一定程度伤害。     

NaCl胁迫下唐古特白刺愈伤组织生理生化变化研究

以唐古特白刺愈伤组织为材料,研究NaCl胁迫对细胞生长、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛、游离脯氨酸含量、SOD、POD、CAT活性等的影响,探讨唐古特白刺抵抗NaCl胁迫的生理机制.结果表明:游离脯氨酸、丙二醛含量随NaCl浓度的提高和胁迫时间的延长而增加;不同浓度NaCl胁迫下,过氧化物酶(POD)活性随处理时间呈先升后降的变化;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、可溶性蛋白含量、愈伤组织生长量在低盐胁迫下,随着培养时间的延长,均呈上升趋势,而在高盐胁迫下,随着培养时间的延长,呈先升后降的变化.由此表明,唐古特白刺具有一定适应盐渍生境的能力,轻度盐胁迫有利于白刺愈伤组织的生长.     

Pb和NaCl胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生理生化特性的影响

为了揭示Pb和NaCl单一及复合胁迫对黄瓜幼苗的伤害机理,采用砂培法,以不添加Pb和NaCl为对照,研究了不同浓度Pb(0.5和1.5 mmol/L)、NaCl(50和100 mmol/L)及其复合胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生理生化特性的影响。结果表明,随着Pb、NaCl处理浓度升高,黄瓜叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素a+b含量均显著下降;相对于对照,各处理黄瓜叶片的相对电导率、丙二醛含量明显上升,且100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下黄瓜叶片的相对电导率和丙二醛含量均高于1.5 mmol/L Pb胁迫。不同处理下的可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、SOD和POD活性均高于对照,且复合处理下的含量高于单一因子处理。NaCl对黄瓜叶片细胞膜的破坏作用强于Pb,Pb、NaCl复合胁迫的毒性效应强于单一胁迫,表现为协同作用。     

NaCl胁迫对文冠果生长及生理生化指标的影响

以盆栽1年生文冠果幼苗为试材,采用不同浓度NaCl溶液(0.0%、0.1%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%)对文冠果幼苗进行盐胁迫处理,测定了胁迫处理下文冠果幼苗株高、地径、生物量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、抗坏血酸酶(APX)活性、质膜透性、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量等指标,研究了不同程度NaCl胁迫对文冠果幼苗生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明:随着NaCl浓度的提高,文冠果幼苗的株高生长量、地径生长量、地上部分和根及全株干质量均呈显著下降趋势(p<0.05);随着NaCl浓度的升高,文冠果叶片SOD活性呈先上升后下降趋势,在0.4%Na CI处理下SOD活性达到最大值;过氧化氢酶活性、抗坏血酸酶活性呈显著下降趋势(p<0.05);而相对电导率、脯氨酸含量、MDA含量呈升高趋势。总体看来,低浓度的NaCl胁迫对文冠果幼苗生长的抑制作用不明显,而较高浓度的NaCl胁迫则具有明显的抑制作用。在试验处理结束后,供试文冠幼苗并没有全部死亡且大多数能够存活,结合各项指标检测结果,可以初步断定文冠果对Na CI胁迫具有较强的耐受性。     

钙对低温胁迫下玉米幼苗氧化损伤的保护作用

采用室内盆栽试验,利用不同浓度的CaCl₂（0、5、10、15、20 mmol·L^-1）处理低温胁迫下的玉米幼苗,研究了钙对玉米幼苗抗冷性的作用。结果表明：与对照相比,低温处理明显抑制了玉米幼苗的生长,减缓了可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量的积累,抗氧化酶活性下降,脯氨酸含量减少,丙二醛（MDA）含量增加,质膜透性增大。适宜浓度的钙（5～10 mmol·L^-1）能减缓低温胁迫下玉米幼苗质膜相对透性和丙二醛（MDA）含量的增加,促进脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的积累,提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性,其中10 mmol·L^-1 Ca²⁺处理的效果最为明显。     

NaCl胁迫对骆驼蓬幼苗叶片多胺水平的影响

研究了NaCl胁迫对骆驼蓬幼苗叶片多胺组分、多胺氧化酶(PAO)活性及H2O2和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明,不同浓度NaCl(0、50、100、200和400 mmol/L)胁迫8 d后骆驼蓬幼苗叶片游离态多胺含量随NaCl浓度增大明显下降,高氯酸不溶性结合态多胺下降较小,高氯酸可溶性结合态多胺无显著变化;不同形态多胺中腐胺(Put)含量随NaCl浓度提高显著降低,游离态和高氯酸可溶性结合态精胺(Spm)和亚精胺(Spd)含量先升后降,200 mmol/L NaCl时出现最大值,400 mmol/L时开始下降,但仍高于对照;高氯酸不溶性结合态Spm含量无显著变化而Spd则降低;游离态和细胞壁结合态PAO活性呈先升后降变化趋势;H2O2和MDA含量不断上升。     

Epidemiology and simulation of population development of Sitobion avenae in winter wheat

The epidemiology ofSitobion avenae and its natural enemies in winter wheat was studied in 1975, 1976 and 1977. Immigration was important until the end of flowering. The alate immigrants had apterous offspring. These became the driving force in population growth. Their offspring were mostly alatae which usually left the field. A model of the epidemic was developed. Quantitative relations between the aphids and their environment were obtained from literature or established in laboratory trials. The model simulated population development and population composition from the beginning of June till the population peak at the end of June or early in July. Because quantitative data on relations between aphids and their natural enemies and pathogens are scarce, and since the knowledge on wing formation is still limited, the population collapse could not be predicted. In the future, prognosis over a period of three weeks seems possible.Samenvatting De toenemende betekenis van graanbladluizen (vooralSitobion avenae) gepaard gaande met een sterke toename van het gebruik van insecticiden op granen maakte verbetering van de prognose over het schadelijk optreden wenselijk. Door gedetailleerde tellingen in het veld (Fig. 1–7) werden gegevens verkregen over het verloop van de epidemie en het optreden van natuurlijke vijanden in 1975, 1976 en 1977.Een immigratieperiode tot in de bloei kon worden vastgesteld. Daarna lijkt de aantrekkelijkheid van het gewas voor alate luizen te verminderen. De alate immigranten krijgen aptere nakomelingen. Deze vormen de stuwende kracht van de populatiegroei. De nakomelingen van apteren zijn merendeels alaat. Zij verlaten het gewas.Een model van de populatieontwikkeling gedurende de epidemie werd opgesteld. De relatiediagrammen Fig. 9 en 10 laten groei en ontwikkeling vanS. avenae en een predator (Syrphus corollae) zien. Kwantificering van de betrekkingen werd mogelijk door literatuurgegevens en laboratoriumexperimenten.Met het model kon de populatieontwikkeling vanS. avenae vanaf begin juni tot aan de populatiepiek in 1975, 1976 en 1977 vrij goed worden gesimuleerd (Fig. 12). Ook de populatieopbouw kon worden gesimuleerd (Fig. 14). De teruggang van de populatiedichtheid blijkt moeilijker te voorspellen door het ontbreken van gegevens over natuurlijke vijanden.Het lijkt waarschijnlijk dat in de toekomst met het model een prognose over de piek van de bladluispopulatie circa 3 weken tevoren mogelijk zal zijn.     

Tumours of Begonia and some other ornamentals,induced by Corynebacterium fascians

In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.     

Nematicidal Activity of Chrysanthemum coronarium

Organic amendments and green manure are potential alternatives to the harmful chemical control means currently used against plant-parasitic nematodes. In this work, Chrysanthemum coronarium was applied to the soil as a green manure to control the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica. Chrysanthemum coronarium significantly reduced nematode infection of tomato roots and improved plant-top fresh weight, both in the greenhouse and in microplots. Other green manures, derived from Anthemis pseudocotula, wild chickpea (Cicer pinnatifidum), Geranium spp. and wheat, were not as effective as C. coronarium. Chrysanthemum coronarium, retained its nematicidal activity even when applied as a dried material. Only mature C. coronarium plants, in their flowering stage, exhibited nematode control activity, but the green plant parts were more effective than the flowers. An aqueous extract of C. coronarium exhibited in vitro, nematostatic activity towards M. incognita and M. javanica second-stage juveniles and inhibited their hatching from eggs and egg-masses; its nematostatic activity was expressed also against other phytonematode species such as Heterodera avenae and Pratylenchus mediterraneus, but did not affect the beneficial entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae.     

Inactivation of soil-borne plant pathogens during small-scale composting of crop residues

Samples of heavily infested crop residues were incorporated in static compost heaps (2.5–4.6 m³) of the Indore type. Temperature increased to 50–70°C within 6 days depending on the type of crop residues used and the location within the heap. The heat phase (>40 °C) lasted 2–3 weeks and was followed by a c. 5-months maturation phase (<40 °c).=" among=" the=" 17=" pathogens=" tested,=">Olpidium brassicae and one of the four formae speciales ofFusarium oxysporum that were tested survived composting, but also their inoculum was greatly reduced.Survival during specific phases of composting was studied by incorporation and retrieval of samples at various stages of the process.F. oxysporum f. sp.melonis was completely inactivated andO. brassicae andPlasmodiophora brassicae were almost completely inactivated during the short heat phase. The three pathogens survived the long-lasting maturation phase without loss of viability. Heat evolved during composting was found to be the most important factor involved with sanitation of crop residues. The possible involvement of fungitoxic conversion products and microbial antagonism is discussed.     

浅黄恩蚜小蜂和丽蚜小蜂对温室白粉虱的寄生潜能分析

浅黄恩蚜小蜂Encarsia sophia GiraultDodd和丽蚜小蜂Encarsia formosa Gahan是防治粉虱类害虫的优势寄生蜂,通过生命表技术方法分析了2种寄生蜂对温室白粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood)的防治潜能。结果表明,丽蚜小蜂在羽化第3天和第10天出现2次寄生高峰,占其总寄生量的13.7%和8.0%,在2次高峰之间逐日寄生粉虱数量比较平稳,单雌逐日平均产雌数保持在10.6~13.4头,10 d后寄生量呈明显的下降趋势;而浅黄恩蚜小蜂羽化10 d内逐日寄生粉虱量变化不大,单雌逐日产雌数稳定在4.2~5.4头,羽化14 d后寄生量呈明显下降趋势。丽蚜小蜂和浅黄恩蚜小蜂的R0、T、rm、λ值分别为171.5、18.0、0.2854、1.3303和61.6、16.2、0.2544、1.2897;粉虱若虫充足时,丽蚜小蜂平均单雌寄生若虫数是浅黄恩蚜小蜂的2.7倍,而后者平均单雌取食若虫数为60.6头,明显高于前者42.7头,总的来看,丽蚜小蜂通过寄生和取食杀死粉虱总量220.8头,明显高于浅黄恩蚜小蜂的127.9头。表明在应用寄生蜂防治温室白粉虱时,单独释放丽蚜小蜂比浅黄恩蚜小蜂显示出更好的防治潜能。     

Effects of the saprophytic leaf mycoflora on growth and productivity of winter wheat

The effects of the saprophytic mycoflora and its interference with cereal aphids on growth and yield of winter and spring wheat was studied in field experiments in 1980, 1981 and 1982.Yields varied between 5000 and 8000 kg dry matter of kernels per ha. The effect of the saprophytic mycoflora on yield was determined in different treatments: A) no control measures against cereal aphids and saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi, B) no control of cereal aphids, control of saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi, C) control of cereal aphids and control of saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi, D) control of cereal aphids and stimulation of saprophytic mycoflora and E) control of cereal aphids, no control of saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi nor stimulation of saprophytic mycoflora.Considerable differences in top densities of saprophytic mycoflora (10 times as large in A and D as in B and C) were determined. The consequences of these differences for the growth and productivity of wheat were minor. A negative effect of saprophytic mycoflora on the yield could not be detected in 1981 and 1982, whereas a small positive significant effect was found in 1980. This stimulation may have been due to competition between necrotrophic fungal pathogens and saprophytic mycoflora. As a result of favourable weather conditions necrotrophic fungal pathogens were very numerous in 1980 and could form an important yield reducing factor. Yield levels may effect the importance of the necrotrophic and saprophytic mycoflora as yield reducing factors. Additionally, in the presence of aphid honeydew captafol was found to be relatively ineffective against saprophytic fungi.     

Aetiology and causal agents of mango sudden decline disease in the Sultanate of Oman

Mango sudden decline is a recently introduced, economically serious disease in Oman. Affected mango trees have wilting symptoms that usually begin on one side and later spread to involve the entire tree. Trees exude amber-coloured gum from the bark of their trunks or branches and vascular tissues are discoloured. Having entered Oman in the recent past, survey data is presented that shows the disease to have spread throughout the northern part of the country. Evidence is presented that the vascular wilt pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata causes mango sudden decline disease in Oman, possibly in concert with Lasiodiplodia theobromae and the recently described Ceratocystis omanensis. Isolates of these fungi from affected trees, cause infection and can be recovered from inoculated seedlings. Bark beetles (Hypocryphalus mangiferae) are shown to carry C. fimbriata and L. theobromae and are presumably responsible for transmitting both pathogens to healthy mango trees. Acting as a wounding agent and vector, the bark beetle is likely to have assisted the rapid spread of the disease across Oman.     

Combined effect of generally regarded as safe (GRAS) compounds andTrichoderma harzianum on the control of postharvest diseases of rambutan

Botryodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides andGliocephalotrichum microchlamydosporum are the causal fungi of the rambutan postharvest diseases stem-end rot, anthracnose and brown spot, respectively. Two different treatments of rambutan fruits(Nephelium lappaceum) against the three pathogens were compared: potassium metabisulphite (250 ppm) or cinnamaldehyde (30 ppm), each combined withTrichoderma harzianum (TrH 40). The application of TrH 40 and potassium metabisulphite effectively controlled the incidence and severity of the three postharvest diseases and maintained the overall quality and color of the fruit under low temperature storage at 13.5°C and 95% r.h. for 18 days. The greatest effect of this treatment was shown onG. microchlamydosporum. Cinnamaldehyde affected the growth and germination of TrH 40, whereas potassium metabisulphite did not. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 4, 2001.     

Relationship Between Production of the Phytotoxin Prehelminthosporol and Virulence in Isolates of the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana

A gas chromatographic method was developed to quantify the phytotoxin prehelminthosporol, which is a sesquiterpene metabolite of the plant pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana. The toxin was extracted from mycelium or culture filtrates, pre-cleaned using solid phase extraction, and analyzed by gas chromatography as a trimethylsilyl-derivative. The detection limit of the method was 5ngl^–1 (signal to noise ratio 4:1) which corresponds to ca. 15ng prehelminthosporol per mg dry weight of mycelium or 15ng prehelminthosporol per ml culture filtrate. The total amount of prehelminthosporol (mycelium plus culture filtrate) increased with cultivation time when examined in six isolates of B. sorokiniana after 6, 9, 12 and 15 days of incubation. The screening experiment of 17 isolates for prehelminthosporol production after 8 days of incubation revealed significant differences in the toxin production between the isolates. The isolates with low toxin production had lower virulence towards barley roots compared to those with higher production of the toxin. However, the virulence did not increase with prehelminthosporol level among the high producing isolates. Prehelminthosporol was also analyzed in a number of related Bipolaris and Drechslera species. In addition to B. sorokiniana, three out of six Bipolaris species (B. setariae, B. zeicola, B. victoriae) produced prehelminthosporol, which indicates that ability to produce prehelminthosporol is conserved among closely-related Bipolaris species.     

Identification and pathogenicity of Pythium species causing damping-off of kidney bean

Five Pythium species (Pythium irregulare, P. mamillatum, P. myriotylum, P. spinosum and P. ultimum var. ultimum) were isolated from the hypocotyls and roots of kidney bean plants with damping-off from a commercial field and from experimental plots that have undergone either continuous cropping with kidney bean or rotational cropping with arable crops. In inoculation tests, all five Pythium species were pathogenic to kidney bean. This is the first report of damping-off of kidney bean caused by Pythium species; we named this disease damping-off of kidney bean. The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession numbers AB291811, AB291944 and AB291945.