纳米α-MnO2/活性炭混合超级电容器的性能

研究了以纳米α-MnO₂和活性炭（AC）为电极材料的超级电容器,分别对纳米α-MnO₂的制备、电解液浓度的影响进行了研究,组装了MnO₂/KOH/MnO₂、AC/KOH/AC、MnO₂/KOH/AC三种类型的模拟电容器,用循环伏安、恒流充放电、自放电以及时间常数法对电极和电容器进行性能测试,发现当电解液KOH浓度为7 mol•L^-1时,混合超级电容器性能最佳,α-MnO₂单电极比电容可达237 F•g^-1,混合电容器工作电压高达1.5 V,并且具有良好的大电流放电性能和较好的循环寿命,实验还表明混合超级电容器具有极低的自放电率.     

MnO2/NH4NaY 催化剂上的NO低温选择性催化还原（SCR）

研究了NO在新型MnO₂/NH₄NaY催化剂上的低温转化行为，并对MnO₂/NH₄NaY的再生及稳态操作进行了考察。结果表明，以MnO₂/NaY为母体，用硫酸铵溶液离子交换制备的新型MnO₂/NH₄⁺NaY分子筛催化剂具有良好的低温活性，120 ℃时，NO转化率近100％。但催化剂不能在高于150 ℃的反应温度下操作，防止NH₄⁺挥发解吸。离子交换过程中，NH₄⁺的交换度可达40%，在120 ℃、氧体积分数6%、空速3 000h^-1和水体积分数7%和无外加还原剂条件下，MnO₂/NH₄NaY可保证入口浓度为1 000×10^-6的NOx在连续7 h内达到完全转化。在高空速（12 000 h^-1）有稳定氨源下，于MnO₂/NH₄NaY上进行的SCR稳态实验充分证明，存在于MnO₂/NH₄NaY的NH₄⁺对催化反应明显有利。 它可使NH₃与NOx物质的量比从以往的1.2降至1，大大减少由于NH₃泄露而造成的二次污染。     

喷雾热解法制备超细MnO2及其电化学性能

采用喷雾热解法制备了超细MnO₂阴极材料,并利用XRD、SEM和电化学测试方法研究了MnO₂的相组成、形貌、电化学性能以及在碱性溶液中的阴极极化行为.实验结果表明,喷雾干燥后的样品呈球形,表面有裂纹,经热处理后产物为Mn₂O₃,此时颗粒表面碎裂,形成多孔材料,酸处理后得到γ-MnO₂,含量超过90％.与EMD（电解二氧化锰）相比,所制备样品的放电容量（截止电压1.0V vs Zn）为215mAh·g^-1,放电深度可达一电子理论容量的70％,比EMD提高了15％;结合稳态极化和电化学阻抗法,发现质子在MnO₂晶格中的扩散符合多孔电极的阻挡层扩散模型,由等效电路拟合得到的数据能够较好地解释实验现象,反映了质子固相扩散的真实情况.     

含锰铜基甲醇催化剂的性能及其结构研究

用一步并流共沉淀法制备了CuO/ZnO/Al₂O₃和CuO/ZnO/Al₂O₃/MnO₂两种甲醇合成催化剂。通过测试它们的初活性及耐热后的活性可知, 含锰的催化剂CuO/ZnO/Al₂O₃/MnO₂具有较好的热稳定性。 利用XRD 和SEM 等实验手段, 对催化剂的结构和形貌进行了考察。 并研究了反应条件对催化剂活性的影响。     

水溶液中新生态MnO2对苯酚的吸附作用

研究了新生态MnO^₂对水溶液中苯酚的吸附作用.对一些影响因素,如pH、高价正离子Al³⁺和高价负离子PO^3-₄进行了考察,并探讨了反应机理.实验结果表明,新生态MnO₂对苯酚的吸附等温线为“S”形,对苯酚的吸附过程包括表面吸附和孔内扩散两部分.pH在6～9的范围内,随pH升高苯酚吸附量下降,但变化不大;当pH≥10时,苯酚去除率几乎降为零.少量铝离子有利于苯酚的吸附.因为铝离子吸附在新生态MnO₂表面,改变了新生态MnO₂的表面性质,有利于苯酚的吸附.磷酸根离子极易与苯酚络合而带负电荷,不利于新生态MnO₂对苯酚的吸附.     

纳米MnO2离子筛的锂吸附性能

通过控制水热合成反应条件制备了不同晶相的一维纳米MnO₂，进一步用浸渍法制备了Li-Mn-O三元氧化物前驱体，并经酸处理后得到对锂离子具有特殊选择性的离子筛。用XRD、TEM、吸附等温线及反应动力学等手段对产物的晶相结构和锂吸附性能进行了研究。实验结果表明，反应物浓度对MnO₂不同晶面的生长速率有不同的影响；从TEM图像中可以清楚地看到，水热合成法制备出了尺寸为φ5nm×400nm的一维MnO₂纳米线；在pH＝9.19时每克离子筛的单分子层锂离子饱和吸附量Q_m为2.43mmol·g^-1；吸附速率常数为2.17×10^-6 s^-1；吸附量随溶液pH值的增加而增加，当pH=12.5时，相应的吸附量为3.47mmol·g^-1。     

无定型MnO2的制备及其催化苯甲醇选择氧化性能

用KMnO₄和MnSO₄为原料，通过简单的氧化还原过程合成了无定形MnO₂，并用于催化苯甲醇氧化制苯甲醛，发现制得的无定形MnO₂在催化苯甲醇氧化制苯甲醛中表现出较高的活性和苯甲醛选择性（100%）。考察了反应温度、氧浓度、催化剂用量以及反应时间对苯甲醇氧化的影响。结果表明，较高的反应温度和氧浓度以及合适的催化剂用量有利于无定形MnO₂催化苯甲醇氧化生成苯甲醛，在反应温度110 ℃、常压和通氧条件下反应3 h, 苯甲醇转化率和苯甲醛选择性均为100%。     

凹凸棒石黏土脱色剂对碳九馏分进行脱色

以甘肃临泽凹凸棒石黏土为载体,MnO₂为活性剂,制备脱色剂对碳九（C₉）馏分进行脱色。通过正交实验研究了酸度、焙烧温度、活性组分加入量、脱色剂的用量和脱色时间对C₉馏分脱色的影响。结果表明,焙烧温度600 ℃、活化浓度6%、活性组分MnO₂含量4%、脱色剂用量8 g、脱色时间在60 min时,能够使C₉馏分的脱色率达到78.66%。     

纳米TiO2在有机材料上的固定化研究进展

对纳米TiO₂在有机材料上的固定化研究进展进行了概述，并就光催化氧化对有机材料的降解等问题进行了讨论。主要介绍了光活性纳米TiO₂的制备方法、纳米TiO₂在有机材料上的固定化方法、纳米TiO₂对有机膜的降解以及纳米TiO₂/有机复合材料的应用领域，并对纳米TiO₂在抗菌方面的应用前景进行了阐述。     

纳米γ-Fe2O3复合氧化物的制备与气敏性质

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米γ-Fe₂O₃及γ-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂复合氧化物,用热重-差热分析 (TG-DTA)、X射线衍射 (XRD)、透射电镜 (TEM)和二次粒度分布对纳米粒子进行表征,并考察了γ-Fe₂O₃、γ-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂敏感材料对CO、H₂、C₂H₄、C₆H₆等气体的敏感系数及其焙烧温度对敏感系数的影响,并选择了敏感材料对气体检测的最佳工作温度.结果表明,γ-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂纳米复合氧化物中SiO₂对提高γ-Fe₂O₃的相变温度、加强热稳定性及提高催化和气体敏感系数起很大作用.     

A ternary MnO/MnTiO3@C composite anode with greatly enhanced cycle stability for Li-ion batteries

Manganese monoxide (MnO) has been widely studied as a potential anode material of Li-ion batteries because of its high specific capacity and abundant raw materials. However, the poor cycling stability of MnO associating to its large volume change during the repeated conversion reaction with Li⁺ has restricted its practical applications. Herein, ternary MnO/MnTiO₃@C composite anode materials are prepared by in situ capturing TiO₂ nanoparticles into sea urchin-like MnO₂ in a mild hydrothermal reaction, followed by resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) resin coating and thermal treatment. With the strong stabilization effect of the MnTiO₃ component, the optimized ternary MnO/MnTiO₃@C composite anode exhibits greatly enhanced cycling performance as compared to MnO@C. A reversible capacity of 383 mAh g^?1 is preserved after 500 cycles at 1000 mA g^?1. This improved cycle performance can be originated from the stable TiO crystals and the highly reversible amorphous Li_xMnTiO₃ phase generated in the first lithiation process. The reasonably high specific capacity and robust cycle stability enable the ternary MnO/MnTiO₃@C composites to be promising alternative anode materials to graphite for Li-ion batteries.     

低温固相反应法在纳米电极材料合成中的应用

介绍了低温固相合成技术的特点和优势，以及该技术在制备二次碱锰电池正极材料及其改性添加剂中的应用，纳米级MnO2正极材料以及由纳米改性添加剂修饰的MnO2正极材料在深度放电时具有更优越的性能。     

Investigation of Potential of Adsorbed CuO,TiO, RuO2 and MnO2 on Silicon and Carbon Nanotubes as Anode Materials of Metal Ion Batteries

Silicon - Abilities of SiNT and CNT for anodes of batteries are studied. Effects of titanium and copper oxides (TiO and CuO) and ruthenium and manganese oxides (RuO2 and MnO2) on abilities of SiNT...     

A flexible nanostructured paper of MnO NPs@MWCNTs/r-GO multilayer sandwich composite for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Designing a high capacity and long cycle life MnO-based composite material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is still a great challenge because of the intrinsically low electrical conductivity and dramatic volume variations during lithiation/delithiation. In this paper, the MnO nanoparticles (MnO NPs) are recombined with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) to rationally construct a novel MnO NPs@MWCNTs/r-GO multilayer sandwich structure via electrostatic interaction self-assembly and vacuum filtration processes. As a result, the MnO NPs are closely attracted in the conductive MWCNTs network, and the MWCNTs adsorbed on the surface of MnO NPs can be served as a soft and flexible carbon coating layer to self-adapt the huge volume expansion. For another, the r-GO between two MnO NPs@MWCNTs layers is the cause to form a free-standing paper, enhancing the transverse conductivity of the whole electrode simultaneously. These features will contribute to achieve excellent cycling stability and improved rate capability.     

Preparation of manganese monoxide@reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites with superior electrochemical performances for lithium-ion batteries

Manganese monoxide (MnO) nanowire@reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites are synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method combined with a calcination process. The structural and morphological characterization of the composites indicates that the MnO nanowires homogeneously anchor on both sides of the cross-linked rGO. The nanocomposites exhibit a high surface area of 126.5?m² g^?1. When employed as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the nanocomposites exhibit a reversible capacity of 1195 mAh g^?1 at a current density of 0.1?A?g^?1, with a high charge-discharge efficiency of 99.2% after 150 cycles. The three-dimensional architecture of the present materials exhibits high porosity and electron conductivity, significantly shortening the diffusion path of lithium ions and accelerating their reaction with the electrolyte, which greatly improves the lithium-ion storage properties. These excellent electrochemical performances make the composite a promising electrode material for lithium-ion batteries.     

Measuring variation in EMD reduction with location in primary alkaline batteries

Reduction of manganese dioxide is not uniform throughout alkaline cells with thick cathodes. Quantification of the degree of reduction of MnO2 as a function of location in the cathode by determining the degree of EMD reduction in discharged alkaline cathodes is described, using a new experimental technique which allows collection and analysis of regionally defined electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) samples from commercial primary alkaline batteries of different sizes. This method has been developed for 1.5V D-size and C-size alkaline batteries. The information gained can be used to better explain the behaviour of real cells with thick cathodes.     

Graphenothermal reduction synthesis of MnO/RGO composite with excellent anodic behaviour in lithium ion batteries

Mn(II) oxide/graphene oxide (MnO/RGO) composites were synthesized by an easy and cost-effective graphenothermal reduction method. The surface morphology, structure, chemical composition and electrochemical behaviour of the resulting composites were investigated in detail. The MnO/RGO composite exhibited a high surface area (115.7 m²/g), which led to the high discharge capacity, enhanced cycling stability, and outstanding rate capability as anode in Li-ion batteries (LIBs). The MnO/RGO composite exhibited an higher initial discharge capacity of 1607 mA h/g at a current density of 100 mA/g and maintained 94% of its reversible capacity over 100 consecutive cycles. Furthermore, MnO/RGO composite could preserve a significantly higher capacity of 847 mA h/g for 150 cycles even at a high current density of 250 mA/g. The excellent electrochemical properties result from the existence of highly conductive RGO and a short transportation span for both Li-ions and electrons. The developed MnO/RGO composite materials hold highly promising prospects in LIBs.     

Electrospun carbon nanofibers decorated with MnO nanoparticles as a sulfur-absorbent for lithium-sulfur batteries

Shuttle effect of the dissolved polysulfide is a main disadvantage for Li-S batteries, which has been explored by several polar materials to absorb lithium polysulfide with physical and chemical effect. Herein, for the first time, a composite of carbon nanofibers decorated with MnO nanoparticles (CNF-MnO) has been prepared by the facile electrospinning method followed by thermal treatment. SEM and TEM characterization delivered that the MnO NPs on CNF did not change the morphology but decrease the electronic conductivity of CNF-MnO composite. The CNF-MnO composite exhibited excellent electrochemical cyclic stability because of its strong chemical absorption for polysulfide. Interestingly, CNF-MnO composite served as both cathode as well interlayer for Li-S batteries. The CNF-MnO-S as cathode material showed an initial discharge capacity of 683.2 mAh g^-1 at 1.0?C and remained 592.0 mAh g^-1 even after 250 cycles with the capacity decay of 0.053% per cycle. As well, CNF-MnO as interlayer delivered superior cycling stability even at high current density of 3.0?C, where the capacity still maintained 542.2 mAh g^-1 over 200 cycles.     

Coaxial MnO/C nanotubes as anodes for lithium-ion batteries

Coaxial MnO/C nanotubes with an average diameter of about 450 nm, a wall thickness of about 150 nm, a length of 1–5 μm and a 10 nm thick carbon layer have been prepared using β-MnO₂ nanotubes as self-templates in acetylene at 600 °C. The microstructure of the product has been characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance of the product has been evaluated by galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling. It is found that the product exhibits a reversible capacity of nearly 500 mAh g⁻¹ at a current density of 188.9 mA g⁻¹, and 83.9% of capacity retention, higher than bare MnO nanotubes (58.2%) and MnO nanoparticles (25.8%). The results reveal that coaxial MnO/C nanotubes would be a promising anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.     

Hydrothermal synthesis of MnO2/CNT nanocomposite with a CNT core/porous MnO2 sheath hierarchy architecture for supercapacitors

ABSTRACT: MnO2/carbon nanotube [CNT] nanocomposites with a CNT core/porous MnO2 sheath hierarchy architecture are synthesized by a simple hydrothermal treatment. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses reveal that birnessite-type MnO2 is produced through the hydrothermal synthesis. Morphological characterization reveals that three-dimensional hierarchy architecture is built with a highly porous layer consisting of interconnected MnO2 nanoflakes uniformly coated on the CNT surface. The nanocomposite with a composition of 72 wt.% (K0.2MnO20.33H2O)/28 wt.% CNT has a large specific surface area of 237.8 m2/g. Electrochemical properties of the CNT, the pure MnO2, and the MnO2/CNT nanocomposite electrodes are investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The MnO2/CNT nanocomposite electrode exhibits much larger specific capacitance compared with both the CNT electrode and the pure MnO2 electrode and significantly improves rate capability compared to the pure MnO2 electrode. The superior supercapacitive performance of the MnO2/CNT nancomposite electrode is due to its high specific surface area and unique hierarchy architecture which facilitate fast electron and ion transport.