阵列浮子式波浪能发电技术研究概述

阵列浮子式波浪能发电装置具有单机容量大、发电成本相对低、电能输出较稳定等优点,许多国家对阵列浮子式波浪能发电技术进行研究,获得显著成果。该文阐述了阵列浮子式波浪能发电原理及系统构成,并从不同的角度对其进行分类,梳理了阵列浮子式波浪能发电技术工程应用实例及研究进展,对阵列浮子式波浪能发电技术未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

漂浮式波浪能发电平台船艏楔形角及浮子质量的优化研究

基于漂浮式波浪能发电平台,通过对船艏楔形角及浮子质量的优化,以提高漂浮式波浪能发电装置的波浪能采集效率。对发电船及浮子阵列部分建立了数值模型,进行了相关参数设置及有限元网格划分,采用水动力分析软件AQWA对该模型进行了水动力时域仿真模拟,分析讨论了不同船艏楔形角和不同浮子质量对波浪能采集效率的影响。结果发现:沿波浪的传递方向,各浮子的采能效率依次减少,并且减小的幅度逐渐增加;综合考虑该平台状况和波况,浮子质量越小,船艏楔形角越大,波浪能的采集效率较高。     

基于链条传动的振荡浮子发电装置转换性能试验研究

针对振荡浮子式波浪能发电系统中波浪能的俘获及传递效率较低的问题,文章设计了一种基于链条传动的波浪能转换装置。该装置以链条传动的结构形式将波浪力推动浮子的上下运动转换为链轮的旋转运动,并输出扭矩,从而带动发电系统发电。文章对基于链轮链条传动的振荡浮子式波浪能转换装置的随波特性及能量转换特性进行了研究,研究结果表明:基于链条传动的振荡浮子的随波特性和能量转换特性良好;随着波浪环境的变化,振荡浮子会出现自振动现象;适当增加振荡浮子的质量,能有效提高波浪能的俘获效率,从而提高系统的发电效果;基于链轮链条的传动结构设计存在速度突变现象,合理设计链轮链条之间的啮合间隙,增加链传动的张紧装置,能减缓链条链轮之间的冲击,从而延长装置的使用寿命。     

基于Matlab设计海洋浮子振幅放大传动装置

波浪能是一种可利用的新型的可再生能源,具有广阔的开发前景。但是利用波浪发电装置的效率低而成本高,为提高波浪发电装置的发电效率,设计出一套浮子式波浪能发电装置的浮子振幅放大机构。详述海洋浮子振幅放大传动装置通过利用海浪水平方向上的动能转化为定子铁心在竖直方向上的动能,增大了波浪能发电装置切割磁感线的有效行程,从而增大了发电效率;利用Matlab仿真不同海况下装置转化情况,模拟仿真分析主要影响因素,证明通过在传统波浪发电装置中安装该机构可以明显提高波浪发电装置的效率,给出工程应用依据。     

双体船式波浪能发电系统实验测试研究

提出双体船式波浪能发电试验平台,将船体和波浪浮子简化为大小2种浮子,建立双浮子波浪能捕获理论模型。针对波浪能间歇性强的特点,设计波浪能捕获-液压蓄能稳压-液压马达驱动发电机发电系统,并通过实验室拖动发电实验建立流量-压力-比例伺服阀开口度的关系曲线,实验结果证明通过实时调节比例伺服阀开口度实现发电功率的稳定是可行的。最后,将发电系统安装到试验平台,开展单个小浮子和2个小浮子波浪能捕获的海上测试。海试结果表明,该方法具有良好的稳定发电效果;浮子数量越多,波浪来能越大,发电功率越稳定。     

棘轮式海洋波浪能发电装置结构设计与分析研究

文章基于外接棘轮机构的组成及其工作特点,结合振荡水柱式、振荡浮子式和摆式波浪能发电装置,设计了一种新型海洋波浪能发电装置—棘轮式海洋波浪能发电装置。该装置主要由棘轮机构、轮盘机构、往复杆机构、摆杆机构等组成,波浪能经过该装置的两次机械转换,可以转换为单一方向且持续不断旋转的动能。文章系统地介绍和分析了棘轮式海洋波浪发电装置的结构组成和工作原理。利用ANSYS有限元软件和UG运动仿真软件,对该装置的主要零部件进行静力学和动力学仿真分析,分析结果表明:棘轮式海洋波浪能发电装置主要零部件的刚度、强度和可靠性符合设计要求;主要运动部件动态性能良好,运行平稳,设计合理。     

振荡浮子式波浪能采集装置研究概述

介绍了波浪能采集的意义,梳理了振荡浮子式波浪能采集装置的工作原理及工程应用,重点归纳总结了振荡浮子式波浪能采集装置采能效率方面的研究进展。基于上述,展望了今后振荡浮子式波浪能采集装置的发展方向。     

基于“海院1号”蓄能发电系统的AMESim建模分析

基于“海院1号”振荡浮子式波浪能发电装置的发电原理,设计了2个蓄能器交替工作来实现电能的稳定输出,并利用AMESim软件对蓄能发电系统进行建模仿真,研究系统中不稳定的压力油进入蓄能器,释放出稳定压力油来驱动双作用定量马达+双作用变量马达发电机组运转输出电能的过程。探究了在不同参数设置下蓄能器的压力变化和液压马达的转速变化,根据建模分析得出在输入信号频率5Hz、蓄能器容积50L、马达排量0.10L/r时,该波浪能发电装置能连续稳定地输出电能,证明了该发电装置存在2个蓄能器+2个液压马达发电机组的可行性与合理性,为“海院1号”波浪能发电装置的进一步参数优化提供参考。     

基于风电场海域海况的波能浮子阵列发电功率优化

[目的]为了响应国家集约用海,发展清洁能源,助力碳中和,对海上风电-波浪能装置多能融合模式进行初步分析,对波能浮子进行优化设计,以获得更高的功率输出。[方法]依据势流理论,对漂浮式风机平台-波能浮子阵列进行仿真计算,分析浮子的外形尺寸和固有周期对浮子的输出功率的影响。[结果]仿真结果表明：同一固有周期下,波能浮子越扁平,波能浮子阵列的总发电功率越大,且浮子的经济性差异很小。对于海况下,不同固有周期的波能浮子阵列经济性差异较大,因此要综合分析考虑。[结论]在已知海域海况条件下,可以通过对波能浮子固有周期和外形尺度进行优化设计,使波能浮子获得更高的功率输出,提高单位海域能量产出。     

一种新型波浪能液压转换装置——双向输出高压油回路的设计

海洋波浪能是很有发展潜力的可再生能源,它的能源密度远大于太阳能和风能。文章提出使用漂浮式浮子吸收波浪能,然后采用一套液压电力输出机械将其转换为电能。转换装置中的液压缸将浮子的运动转换为高压油的流动,高压油在蓄能器中短暂储存,然后液压马达利用蓄能器中的高压油来驱动与之相连的电机旋转。波浪能发电装置中的双向输出高压油大大提高了其转换效率,高压蓄能器对发电质量的稳定起到了关键的作用。     

Numerical modeling of the effects of wave energy converter characteristics on nearshore wave conditions

Modeled nearshore wave propagation was investigated downstream of simulated wave energy converters (WECs) to evaluate overall near- and far-field effects of WEC arrays. Model sensitivity to WEC characteristics and WEC array deployment scenarios was evaluated using a modified version of an industry standard wave model, Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN), which allows the incorporation of device-specific WEC characteristics to specify obstacle transmission. The sensitivity study illustrated that WEC device type and subsequently its size directly resulted in wave height variations in the lee of the WEC array. Wave heights decreased up to 30% between modeled scenarios with and without WECs for large arrays (100 devices) of relatively sizable devices (26 m in diameter) with peak power generation near to the modeled incident wave height. Other WEC types resulted in less than 15% differences in modeled wave height with and without WECs, with lesser influence for WECs less than 10 m in diameter. Wave directions and periods were largely insensitive to changes in parameters. However, additional model parameterization and analysis are required to fully explore the model sensitivity of peak wave period and mean wave direction to the varying of the parameters.     

底铰摆式波浪能装置群水动力性能研究

对常水深等厚度底铰摆式波浪能装置群,为减少多个装置物面上的网格数量,采用变量分离法将三维空间速度势表示成二维平面速度势和垂向特征函数相乘的形式,并利用二维格林函数法求解平面绕射势和辐射势,解决波浪与波浪能装置群之间的相互作用问题。利用所建立的数值模型分析波浪发电场装置之间的间距对各装置波能俘获效率、波浪发电场平均俘获效率及总输出功率随时间变化的波动率的影响。与单个孤立底铰摆式波能转换装置比较,以阵列形式布置的装置群,其总输出功率随时间变化的波动率在大部分波浪周期范围可明显降低,其降低程度主要与沿波浪传播方向的装置间距有关。     

实海况条件下磁流体波浪发电机的优化设计

以点吸收式波浪发电装置为例,考虑浮体和阻尼板在垂荡方向上的运动响应特性及磁流体发电机的发电特性,利用遗传算法优化不同规则波况下磁流体发电机的结构参数,得到装置投放于南海某岛屿附近时不同平均有效波高下的发电效率.然后,根据该岛屿全年波况的频率分布规律,计算得到全年发电量,年发电量最大时磁流体发电机结构参数最优.与传统按主...     

On the park effect in arrays of oscillating wave energy converters

This paper aims to provide guidelines for designing the layout of arrays of oscillating Wave Energy Converters (WECs) based on a review of the literature of wave interactions and park effect in WEC arrays that has been published over the past 30 years.First, the fundamentals of wave energy absorption by oscillating bodies are summarised, and the principal differences between the park effect in arrays of wave energy converters and wind turbines are highlighted. Then, the numerical approaches commonly used to deal with WEC arrays are outlined briefly and their limitations are discussed. It is argued that, at present, only Boundary Element Methods (BEM) are capable of the appropriate analysis. Finally, previous work on wave interactions and park effect in WEC arrays is reviewed. Similar trends are found in these studies, which allow conclusions to be drawn regarding the significance of the park effect as a function of the number of WECs in the array and their spacing. Based on these conclusions, the following tentative guidelines are proposed:For small arrays of conventional devices (fewer than 10 devices of typical dimension 10–20 m) with usual layouts (regular or shifted grids with separating distance of order 100–200 m), the park effect appears to be negligible. For larger arrays (more than 10 devices), a negative park effect seems to be increasingly important with increasing number of rows (the lines of WECs perpendicular to the incident wave direction). Therefore, the number of rows should remain as small as possible, with a separating distance as large as possible. For arrays of non-conventional WECs (WECs of typical dimensions much larger than 10–20 m), no information has been found. However, trends similar to the previous cases could be expected, provided that aspect ratios are maintained.     

波浪能俘获装置的设计和研究

设计一种新型密封式波浪能俘获装置,浮体随波浪进行摆动,驱动浮体内摆体旋转,将波浪能转换成机械能;通过选取4种摆体的形状进行对比,选出最佳的摆体形状,并建构摆体的数学模型;利用Matlab软件对摆体在不同波浪条件下进行数值求解,之后在水动力测试平台进行模型试验。结果表明：球体是最佳的摆体形状,其装置俘获效率较高,且结构简单、成本较低,可为下一步定量优化装置提供有效的理论依据。     

Multi–chamber oscillating water column wave energy converters and air turbines: A review

The oscillating water column (OWC) is a more common type of wave energy converter (WEC) that has been the subject of the study and development for several decades. Multi–chamber oscillating water column (MC–OWC) devices or arrays have the advantage of being more efficient in energy extraction compared to a single chamber system, particularly in more chaotic sea states. A variety of single and array OWC devices have been proposed and studied on a small–scale, whereas few large–scale devices have been tested under ocean wave conditions. This paper provides a concise review of the current state of MC–OWC device development in laboratory conditions. The review highlights explicitly the main stages of MC–OWC device development for one ongoing study as an example. This review was based on the available information in the literature from 2003 to 2012, in addition, further work is presented as part of the current study at the University of Technology Sydney. This study is from 2015 to 2018. The discussion shows the challenges that a device needs to overcome to be more competitive with other WECs in the global of wave energy converter area.     

Wave electricity production in Italian offshore: A preliminary investigation

In this paper the feasibility of wave energy exploitation off the Italian coasts is investigated. At this aim, the energy production and the performance characteristics of three of the most promising and documented wave energy converters (AquaBuOY, Pelamis and Wave Dragon) are estimated for two of the most energetic Italian locations. The sites are Alghero, on the western coast of Sardinia and Mazara del Vallo, on the Sicily Strait and they have respectively an average annual wave power of 10.3 kW/m and 4 kW/m, and an available annual wave energy of 90 MWh/m and 35 MWh/m.The energy production of the hypothetical wave farms is calculated based on the performance matrices of the wave energy converters (WECs) and on 21 years of wave buoy records, covering the period from 1990 to 2011. The estimated capacity factors are low (between 4% and 9%) compared to the ones obtained for the same wave energy converters in other locations and are affected by a strong seasonal variability. This indicates that the considered WECs are oversized with respect to the local wave climate and that a more efficient energy conversion would be obtained if they were downscaled according to the typical wave height and period of the study sites. As a consequence of the optimization of the device scale, at Alghero the deployment of 1:2.5 AquaBuOY, Pelamis or Wave Dragon devices would result in capacity factors around 20% and in a quite constant energy production throughout the year. In fact, the size reduction of the wave energy converters allows to capture the energy of the small waves which would otherwise be lost with the original WECs.The results of the present work suggest that deploying classic wave energy converters in Italian seas would not be cost effective but if the devices could accommodate a proper downscaling, their performance in energy conversion would become economically attractive also for some Italian locations.     

Wind turbine boundary layer arrays for Cartesian and staggered configurations‐Part I,flow field and power measurements

Model wind turbine arrays were developed for the purpose of investigating the wake interaction and turbine canopy layer in a standard cartesian and row‐offset turbine array configurations. Stereographic particle image velocimetry was used to collect flow data upstream and downstream of entrance and exit row turbines in each configuration. Wakes for all cases were analyzed for energy content and recovery behavior including entrainment of high‐momentum flow from above the turbine canopy layer. The row‐offset arrangement of turbines within an array grants an increase in streamwise spacing of devices and allows for greater wake remediation between successive rows. These effects are seen in exit row turbine wakes as changes to statistical quantities including the in‐plane Reynolds stress, , and the production of turbulence. The recovery of wakes also strongly mitigates the perceived underperformance of wind turbines within an array. The flux of kinetic energy is demonstrated to be more localized in the entrance rows and in the offset arrangement. Extreme values for the flux of kinetic energy are about 7.5% less in the exit row of the cartesian arrangement than in the offset arrangement. Measurements of mechanical torque at entrance and exit row turbines lead to curves of power coefficient and demonstrate an increase in efficiency in row‐offset configurations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多区域间热网交互的综合能源系统配置优化

考虑多区域间热网交互的综合能源系统规划和运行优化能有效提高能源综合利用率,有助于节能减排、促进分布式能源就地消纳。在独立分区综合能源系统的基础上,在不同负荷特性区域间引入热网交互,以热网建设费用、CCHP设备投资、运行成本和碳排放税最低为综合优化目标,对多区域综合能源系统的配置和运行进行整体优化。对上海市某典型城区进行仿真优化结果表明,多区域间热网的引入有利于提高系统清洁能源利用率,合理配置设备容量,区域间用能互补特性增强,系统综合效益更佳。     

波浪能发电装置现场测试中波浪参数比测分析

在波浪能发电装置现场测试工作中,波浪参数的测量是评估波浪能发电装置性能的重要依据之一。在分析和比较波浪骑士与浪龙的波浪测量方式基础上,开展对这2种设备在大万山海域现场的对比测试工作。应用标准差、皮尔逊相关系数等数学方法,对测试数据进行处理与分析,并绘制有效波高玫瑰图,分析这2种设备对波浪参数的测量差异性。结果表明,波浪骑士与浪龙对有效波高和波周期参数的测量差异性较小,对波向的测量差异性较为显著。研究成果为波浪能发电装置现场测试工作中波浪参数的测量提供了参考依据。