福清市三山地热资源开发前景分析

通过对福清市三山镇沁前地下热水赋存条件、储量、水化学成分的评价,结合龙高半岛自然地理条件,论述地热资源开发前景及其在促进福清市温泉旅游产业发展中的重要意义.     

阳泉市娘子关岩溶地下水水化学特征及其成因

针对娘子关泉域水化学分析不能即时评价且偏主观性的问题,加入离子空间分布图,对娘子关泉域岩溶地下水的13个水化学特征指标运用描述性统计、水化学类型、TDS和总硬度分布图等进行分析,并辅助以Pearson相关分析探究其成因。结果表明,个别水样超过地下水环境质量标准,Fe~(3+)、Na~+具有较大空间变化,其他元素相对稳定;除少部分为微咸水和软水、微硬水、硬水,大部分地区为淡水和极硬水;地下水水化学类型以HCO_3-Ca·Mg、SO_4·HCO_3-Ca、SO_4·HCO_3-Ca·Mg型为主,部分补给区和径流区已转变为硫酸盐类型为主的水。该水化学特征成因主要受工矿产业影响,其次受水岩作用和农业、生活污染的影响。     

太原盆地地下热水分布特征

依据山西中部断陷盆地的形成与发展,分析了太原盆地基底的地质构造特征,预测太原盆地平原区地下深部隐藏着丰富的地下热水,确认两个岩溶裂隙水系统,论述盆地热热源、地下热水形成的地热地质条件、热储分布、以及热水的化学特征,并提出地下热水的开发利用意见。     

抚松县天然矿泉水水化学特征及形成机理

为分析抚松县天然矿泉水水化学特征及形成机理,2017年采集天然矿泉水样品20组,综合运用Piper三线图、水化学类型分区图,分析抚松县天然矿泉水水化学特征;运用离子比值分析法、反向地球化学模拟分析矿泉水的形成机理。结果表明,抚松县天然矿泉水pH值为7.9~8.4,属弱碱性矿泉水,偏硅酸含量为33~53mg/L,属偏硅酸型矿泉水;天然矿泉水中Ca^2+、HCO3^-为优势离子;水化学类型主要有HCO3^-Ca型、HCO3^-Ca·Na型和HCO3^-Ca·Mg型。离子比值分析法和PHREEQC结果表明,该区水中主要离子受长石类、橄榄石、辉石的溶解-沉淀作用和阳离子交替吸附作用控制。     

不同太阳能热水系统的全生命周期环境影响和能源效益分析

该文从环境影响和能源效益两个方面建立太阳能热水系统全生命周期的评价指标和量化方法,分别对家用全玻璃真空管太阳能热水系统、家用平板型太阳能热水系统和集中式全玻璃真空管太阳能热水系统进行生命周期评价。研究结果表明对于1 m~2轮廓采光面积,集中式全玻璃真空管太阳能热水系统造成的环境影响最小,节能潜力最大,在我国不同太阳辐照资源带使用的能源回收时间为0.9~1.8 a;其次是家用全玻璃真空管太阳能热水系统,能源回收时间为1.4~2.8 a;家用平板型太阳能热水系统的环境影响负荷和总能耗值最大,能源回收时间为2.0~3.9 a。     

新型土壤源热泵热水复合系统运行特性仿真

为了解决传统土壤源热泵系统在建筑冷负荷较大地区长期运行后地下土壤热堆积、系统能效低等问题,设计了一种土壤源热泵热水复合系统,为建筑物供冷、供热和供生活热水。运用TRNSYS软件建立了土壤源热泵热水复合系统的动态仿真模型,运行仿真结果表明:设计的土壤源热泵热水复合系统能在建筑冷负荷较大的地区利用地下土壤堆积的热量为建筑物供冷、供热和供生活热水,运行稳定,系统平均制冷、制热系数峰值分别为6和4.29。     

浅谈地下热水的勘查与综合利用

本文根据地下热水的形成条件及其规律，结合典型的工程实例，详细阐述了地下热水的勘查与综合利用技术，指出地下热水的开发在国民经济建设中有广泛前景。     

福州地下热水科学管理的思路

一、福州地下热水开发R管理简况福州市地下热水的开发利用历史悠久，但直至七十年代末，仍处于自发、分散、粗放型的小规模开发状态。进入八十年代，随着改革开放引进外资，社会进步经济繁荣和人民生活水平的提高，以及旧城改造房地产开发等的发展，福州地下热水的开发利用规模逐渐增大，到八十年代末，地下热水的开发达到高峰，热水供求矛盾也日趋严重，局部过于集中和过大的开采，已成为产生局部不良地质环境现象的主要原因之一。在这种规模开采的发展过程中，地下热水资源的保护和管理也逐步得到领导和专家的重视，1981年福州市人民政府…     

豫北平原地下水水化学和水质分布特征

豫北平原为河南省重要的农业生产基地,其居民生活用水和农业生产用水主要依赖于地下水。为了保证工农业生产和生活用水安全,根据2018年的105个地下水化学取样分析数据,利用Piper三线图和Gibbs图研究了水化学的主要离子的空间分布特征及水化学形成机制,从而揭示了研究区水化学分布特征和主要形成作用,采用综合指标法和单因子法评价了水质问题,并分析了主要影响因素的超标情况。结果表明,豫北平原地下水类型以HCO3 Ca·Mg、HCO3·SO4 Mg·Na、HCO3·Cl Na型水为主,地下水水化学成因以蒸发浓缩和水岩相互作用为主,浅层、中深层地下水水质Ⅳ~Ⅴ类水分布面积约占90%,深层地下水水质较好,Ⅱ~Ⅲ类水分布面积约占40%。     

基于有机朗肯循环的低温地热制冷系统热力学分析

为有效利用低温地热资源,本文以有机朗肯–蒸汽压缩制冷系统为研究对象,建立了系统的热力学模型,分析比较了分别以R290、R600、R600a、R601、R601a和R1270为工质时的系统性能,并以系统整体COP和每千瓦制冷量所对应的工质流量为关键指标对工质进行了优选。分析结果表明：当地热水温度为60 ~ 90℃,冷凝温度为30 ~ 55℃,蒸发温度为 –15 ~15℃时,R601是系统的最佳工质。当地热水温度为90℃,其余参数为典型工况值时,工质R601所对应的系统性能系数COP为0.49。     

拉德瑞罗地热电站可持续开发经验——记拉德瑞罗地热发电100周年

意大利地热发电的世界霸主地位持续了60多年,直至20世纪70年代被美国超越。位于意大利中部托斯卡纳区的拉德瑞罗地热电站是世界第一座地热电站,1913年11月13日开始运行,到1957年仍是世界唯一的地热发电。截至2013年11月,拉德瑞罗地热电站已发电运行100周年,实现了可再生地热能的可持续开发。拉德瑞罗地热电站稳定发展和持续运行100年的经验,一是发电系统设备更新换代,2013年拉德瑞罗地热电站运行机组22台,总装机容量594MW,全部是20世纪90年代以来的新建机组;二是发电废汽回收实行冷凝水回灌,拉德瑞罗地热田现有23口回灌井,将发电废蒸汽回收后的冷凝水回灌到地下热储中,电站因此在2005~2009年增加了4台机组、共100MW的新增装机容量;三是地热田的勘探扩展。拉德瑞罗地热发电的百年经验也是对世界地热开发的重要贡献。     

Research on the generation of electricity from the geothermal resources in Simav region, Turkey

One of the greatest problems in using renewable energy sources is the great variability of energy level, both in the short and long term. Geothermal energy, by nature, has high availability because the source is not dependent on weather conditions, so it is among the most stable renewable energy sources. Geothermal energy has the potential to play an important role in the future energy supply of Turkey. Although Turkey has the second-highest geothermal energy potential in Europe, electricity generation from geothermal energy is rather low.This study examines the use of geothermal energy in electricity generation and investigates the applicability of the existent geothermal energy resources to electricity generation in the Kütahya–Simav region, Turkey. The binary cycle is used in the designed power plant for electricity generation from geothermal fluid in which the percentage of liquid is high and which is at lower temperature. In this power plant, R134a is chosen as the secondary fluid, whose boiling point temperature is lower than that of water, and is used instead of geothermal fluid in a second cycle. The thermal efficiency of the designed power plant is measured to be 12.93%.     

黑龙江省地热能资源开发利用研究

黑龙江省地热能资源丰富,目前已发现的地热田有松嫩盆地地热田和敦密地堑镜泊湖段地热田。地热能资源开发利用既经济又环保,符合国家节能减排发展低碳经济产业政策要求。黑龙江省地热能资源属可直接利用的中低温地热能类型,可用于冬季采暖、温泉旅游、矿水医疗、生活洗浴、矿水浴盐生产等领域     

Classification of geothermal resources by exergy

Geothermal resources have been classified as low, medium and high enthalpy resources according to their reservoir fluid temperatures. There is no general agreement on the arbitrary temperature ranges used. Classification of a geothermal resource by its reservoir fluid temperature can be ambiguous because two independent properties are required to define the thermodynamic state of a fluid. Geothermal resources should be classified to reflect their ability to do thermodynamic work. In this paper, it is proposed that geothermal resources be classified as low, medium and high quality resources with reference to their specific exergy indices (SExI), SExI<0.05, 0.05SExI<0.5 and SExI0.5, respectively. The demarcation limits for these indices are exergies of saturated water and dry saturated steam at 1 bar absolute. These demarcation lines can be plotted on a Mollier diagram to form a classification map of geothermal resources.     

Geothermal‐based hydrogen production using thermochemical and hybrid cycles: A review and analysis

Geothermal‐based hydrogen production, which basically uses geothermal energy for hydrogen production, appears to be an environmentally conscious and sustainable option for the countries with abundant geothermal energy resources. In this study, four potential methods are identified and proposed for geothermal‐based hydrogen production, namely: (i) direct production of hydrogen from the geothermal steam, (ii) through conventional water electrolysis using the electricity generated through geothermal power plant, (iii) by using both geothermal heat and electricity for high temperature steam electrolysis and/or hybrid processes, and (iv) by using the heat available from geothermal resource in thermochemical processes. Nowadays, most researches are focused on high‐temperature electrolysis and thermochemical processes. Here we essentially discuss some potential low‐temperature thermochemical and hybrid cycles for geothermal‐based hydrogen production, due to their wider practicality, and examine them as a sustainable option for hydrogen production using geothermal heat. We also assess their thermodynamic performance through energy and exergy efficiencies. The results show that these cycles have good potential and attractive overall system efficiencies over 50% based on a complete reaction approach. The copper‐chlorine cycle is identified as a highly promising cycle for geothermal‐hydrogen production. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国地热发电开发现状与前景

回顾了我国地热发电的发展历程，应该克服“技术上可行、经济上不可行”的“历史性的偏见”。地热发电技术成熟，虽投资成本稍高．但可以替代和节省常规能源，减少污染和二氧化碳排放；再从国际原油价格大幅波动，最高时已接近每桶150美元来看。肯定是有竞争力的。我国藏滇地热带有高温地热资源分布，可用于地热蒸汽发电；中低温地下热水中温度较高者可以先发电，再将排水作综合利用。我国已开始增强型地热系统这一领域的研究工作。     

High temperature geothermal energy supply forecasts for the USA

Geothermal energy is one of several new energy forms which represents a possible supplementary energy source in the future. However, a technological and financial evaluation of these resources has not yet been conducted at the national level in the USA. This analysis presents forecasts of future supplies of electricity which may be generated by high temperature geothermal resources in the USA. The results indicate that, depending on the future behaviour of real energy prices and on several policy factors, most high temperature geothermal resources may prove to be economically feasible in the late 1980s.     

Classification of geothermal resources in Poland by exergy analysis—Comparative study

Geothermal resources in Poland are of growing importance for the production of renewable energy. The total installed geothermal capacity (including heat pumps) at the end of 2008 was ca. 281 MW_t, while heat sales about 1501 TJ. Poland is characterised by low-temperature geothermal resources connected mostly with the Mesozoic sedimentary formations. In the paper the estimation of thermodynamic potential of Polish geothermal fields in comparison with selected global resources was presented. Geothermal resources were classified with reference to their specific exergy and specific exergy index (SEI). These indices define the quality of the energy content of a geothermal fluid better than conventional temperature criterions.     

地热单井回灌渗流场理论研究

在地热开发过程中经常遇到如下问题：热储压力随开采量和时间的增加而降低，地热尾水排放造成热污染和资源浪费等。回灌是解决上述问题的有效方法。针对回灌过程中渗流场的动态变化，建立地热回灌渗流场数学模型，推导了渗透系数恒定与变化时不同条件下的单井回灌公式。实例分析表明：所得公式能够表征回灌渗流场中各变量之间的相互关系，可以解释和预测回灌过程中水头与流量的变化趋势。     

Classification of Geothermal Energy Resources in Japan Applying Exergy Concept

Higher demand for energy consumption and importance of environmental issues has encouraged researchers and policy makers to consider renewable energies more seriously. Geothermal resources are a green energy source that can make a considerable contribution in some countries. Japan has the third ranking geothermal energy potential, and its geothermal electricity production is currently eighth in the world. Since the nature of geothermal resources dictates its method of utilization, it is important to categorize available resources. There is no consensus on classification of geothermal resources. Most scientists, from geologist to engineers, agree on the term temperature. However, temperature or enthalpy alone cannot describe the nature of fluids; they can have same temperature with different phases, such as saturated water or saturated steam. Using exergy for resource classification benefits their comparison, according to their ability to do work. In this paper, exergetic classification of geothermal resources was applied to 18 under‐operating geothermal power plants in Japan. Six geothermal fields have high exergy resources according to their SExI values in excess of 0.5. The remaining geothermal fields in Japan are classified in the medium resources zone. Classification results can be used by decision makers as a reference for future geothermal development. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.