老年良性前列腺增生与体质指数及腰臀比关系

目的 探讨老年男性体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)与临床良性前列腺增生(BPH)的关系.方法 采取以医院为基础的病例对照研究.病例组为经组织学检查证实为临床BPH的208例男性,对照组为因患其他非前列腺疾病而入住与病例相同医院的同期病人208例.对研究对象在住院期间进行问卷调查,同时对身高、体重、腰围、臀围进行测量.采用多元Logistic回归模型对患者BMI、WHR与临床BPH的比值比(OR)及其95%CI进行统计.结果 与正常体型者(WHR<0.9)相比.向心性肥胖者(WHR≥0.9)发生BPH的危险性增加,OR=1.16,95%CU=1.05～4.87.P<0.05.在调整了年龄和BMI因素后,与正常体型者相比,无论是超重(BMI 24.0～27.9)或是肥胖(BMI≥28).发生BPH的危险性均明显增高,超重者OR=2.65,95%CI=1.33～6.96,肥胖者OR=3.00,95%CI=1.81～8.84.结论 向心性肥胖是BPH的一个重要危险因素,在超重和肥胖的男性中,向心性肥胖者发生BPH的危脸性明显增高.     

苏州市≥30岁人群尿微量白蛋白异常与肥胖关系

目的探讨江苏省苏州市≥30岁人群尿微量白蛋白异常与肥胖的关系,为采取相应的干预措施提供参考依据。方法采取多阶段整群随机抽样方法对在苏州市金阊区8个小区抽取的2 889名≥30岁常住居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测,并采用logistic回归模型分析尿微量白蛋白异常与肥胖的关联性。结果苏州市调查的2 889名≥30岁人群中,尿微量白蛋白异常者446例,检出率为15.44%;尿微量白蛋白异常组与正常组人群比较,体质指数(BMI:25.3 vs 24.4)、腰围(WC:84.0 vs 82.0)、腰臀比(WHR:0.88 vs 0.87)的水平均高于正常组(P<0.01),以这3个指标定义的肥胖和中心性肥胖率均高于正常组(P<0.001);在调整性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、吸烟、饮酒、血糖、收缩压、舒张压、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、血清尿酸等因素后,多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,BMI肥胖者(OR=1.610,95%CI=1.189~2.181)和WHR中心性肥胖者(OR=1.349,95%CI=1.078~1.688)均可增加≥30岁人群尿微量白蛋白异常的危险性;当BMI肥胖和WHR中心性肥胖者同时存在时,≥30岁人群尿微量白蛋白异常的危险性为无BMI肥胖和WHR中心性肥胖者的1.937倍(OR=1.937,95%CI=1.370~2.740)。结论肥胖是尿微量白蛋白异常的危险因素。     

钙蛋白酶10基因多态性与体重和胰岛素抵抗的相关性

[目的]探讨钙蛋白酶10(CAPN10)基因SNP-19与体重和胰岛素抵抗(IR)的关系。[方法]用PCR-RFLP法检测132名非超重肥胖和80名超重肥胖者的CAPN10基因SNP-19的基因型,测定身高、体重、空腹血糖(FPG)、血脂、胰岛素水平(FINS),计算体重指数(BMI),用HOMA-IR法评价IR,并进行分析。[结果](1)BMI≥25kg/m2的个体有较高的FPG、TG和IR水平(P﹤0.05),CAPN10基因SNP-19的22基因型和等位基因2的频率在BMI≥25kg/m2的个体明显升高(P﹤0.05);(2)携带基因型22的个体较基因型为11和12的个体有较高的FINS、BMI和IR水平(P﹤0.05)。[结论]CAPN10基因SNP-19基因型22可能与江苏地区人群超重肥胖的发生有关。     

孕前体质指数对母婴结局影响的Meta分析

目的对孕前不同体质指数(BMI)与母婴结局相关性进行Meta分析。方法计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMBASE、Web of Science、CBM数据库、CNKI、万方及维普数据库,检索关于孕前BMI与母婴结局的队列研究,截止时间至2017年8月17日。采用纽卡斯尔—渥太华量表(NOS)对纳入文献进行方法学质量评价,使用Rev Man 5. 3软件对资料进行Meta分析。结果共纳入19个文献,共计588 966例孕妇。Meta分析结果显示:与正常BMI相比,超重或肥胖将增加妊娠期糖尿病[OR=2. 67,95%CI:1. 90～3. 75,P0. 000 01 (超重)][OR=5. 49,95%CI:3. 55～8. 50,P0. 000 01 (肥胖)]、妊娠期高血压疾病[OR=2. 02,95%CI:1. 77～2. 31,P0. 000 01 (超重)]、[OR=3. 77,95%CI:3. 25～4. 38,P0. 000 01 (肥胖)];先兆子痫[OR=1. 77,95%CI:1. 51～2. 07,P0. 000 01 (超重)]、[OR=2. 87,95%CI:2. 33～3. 53,P0. 000 01(肥胖)];剖宫产[OR=1. 89,95%CI:1. 42～2. 53,P0. 000 1 (超重)]、[OR=2. 49,95%CI:2. 15～2. 89,P0. 000 01(肥胖)];巨大儿[OR=2. 06,95%CI:1. 73～2. 45,P0. 000 01 (超重)]、[OR=2. 86,95%CI:2. 47～3. 32,P0. 000 01(肥胖)]的风险,但与早产的相关性差异无统计学意义(P0. 05);体质量过低可能与妊娠期高血压疾病[OR=1. 56,95%CI:1. 39～1. 74,P0. 000 01]、早产[OR=1. 30,95%CI:1. 15～1. 48,P0. 000 1]相关; BMI过低或过高与产后出血、低出生体质量的发生差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)。结论孕前BMI过低或过高与诸多不良母婴结局相关,影响女性近远期健康状况。     

男女中学生体重与心理健康的研究

[目的]了解超重、肥胖与男女初中学生生活满意度、抑郁、焦虑、自我意识水平之间的相关性。[方法]对象为渠县某中学1818名初一和初二学生,用多维学生生活满意度量表、流行病学调查中心用抑郁量表、特质焦虑量表和儿童自我意识量表及相应的评价标准进行心理健康评定,同时测量身高、体重,计算体重指数(BMI)值。参考中国儿童青少年超重和肥胖筛查BMI值分类标准进行分组,分析男女及体重正常、超重、肥胖组学生心理健康状况的差异以及男女生BMI与4个量表评分的相关性。[结果]男生超重和肥胖检出率(21.5%和7.7%)显著高于女生(8.0%和2.8%)。体重正常组生活满意度评分的性别差异有统计学意义(P=0.002),超重组抑郁评分的性别差异有统计学意义(P=0.046)。在女生中,体重正常、超重和肥胖3组的抑郁、特质焦虑和自我意识评分的差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),肥胖组抑郁和焦虑评分显著高于体重正常组(P=0.012和P=0.035),肥胖组自我意识评分低于体重正常组(P=0.014),超重组抑郁评分高于体重正常组(P=0.025)。[结论]超重、肥胖检出率女生低于男生,但女生超重和肥胖者心理健康水平与体重正常者的差别较男生明显。     

孕前超重/肥胖与婴儿不良出生结局关系前瞻性队列研究

目的在队列研究基础之上应用中国妇女体质指数(BMI)标准研究孕前超重/肥胖的妇女与婴儿不良出生结局的关系。方法收集武汉市2011年6月—2013年6月76 709名孕妇的数据,应用logistic回归模型估计妇女孕前BMI和不良出生结局之间的关系。结果与正常体重妇女相比,消瘦妇女顺产的比例较高(OR=1.25, 95%CI=1.20～1.30),超重/肥胖妇女顺产的比例较低(OR=0.52,95%CI=0.48～0.56)。超重/肥胖妇女剖腹产较多(OR=1.94, 95%CI=1.80～2.08),消瘦妇女剖腹产较少(OR=0.80, 95%CI=0.77～0.83)。消瘦妇女阴道手术产比例较高(OR=1.33, 95%CI=1.02～1.73),超重和肥胖妇女阴道手术产较少(OR=0.56, 95%CI=0.32～0.96)。不同BMI组与Apgar评分(1 min)7及Apgar评分(5 min)7和新生儿窒息关联没有显著性意义。与正常体重妇女相比,超重/肥胖妇女孩子早产的比例较高(OR=1.29, 95%CI=1.14～1.46),消瘦妇女与早产也呈正相关(OR=1.37,95%CI=1.24～1.51)超重/肥胖妇女与生产巨大儿也有阳性相关(OR=2.36, 95%CI=2.15～2.59);消瘦妇女与生产巨大儿呈负相关(OR=0.51,95%CI=0.46～0.56)。不同BMI组与低出生体重的关联没有显著性差异。结论基于中国成人BMI标准,孕前超重/肥胖对顺产、剖宫产、早产及巨大儿都有显著影响。     

齐齐哈尔市25周岁及以上双生子体型特征及影响因素分析

目的分析环境因素以及遗传因素对25岁及以上双生子的身高、体重、体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)等体型指标的影响。方法 2013年7月-2014年6月,采用整群随机抽样的方法,于齐齐哈尔市抽取205对25岁及以上双生子,并按不同卵型进行分组;应用t检验、χ~2检验、logistic回归等方法对双生子的身高、体重、BMI以及WHR等指标进行分析。结果不同卵型双生子的身高、体重、WHR经t检验,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),BMI差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。身高、体重、BMI以及WHR的遗传度分别为88.1%、90.9%、73.8%、40.4%。多因素分析结果显示,与男性相比,女性(OR=0.556,95%CI:0.324~0.841,P=0.003)的BMI较低;与年龄25~岁相比,35~岁(OR=1.539,95%CI:1.214~2.012,P=0.015)、年龄65~岁(OR=1.378,95%CI:1.004~1.932,P=0.047)的BMI较高;与体力活动较少相比,体力活动充足(OR=0.451,95%CI:0.079~0.875,P=0.017)的BMI较低;与初中及以下相比,受教育程度大专及以上(OR=0.617,95%CI:0.311~0.893,P=0.035)的BMI较低;与果蔬食用较少相比,果蔬食用较多(OR=0.713,95%CI:0.337~0.942,P=0.025)的BMI较低。与男性相比,女性(OR=0.656,95%CI:0.214~0.897,P=0.005)的WHR较低;与年龄25~岁相比,35~岁(OR=1.441,95%CI:1.032~1.957,P=0.022)、年龄65~岁(OR=1.247,95%CI:1.004~1.877,P=0.046)的WHR较高;与体力活动较少相比,体力活动充足(OR=0.323,95%CI:0.081~0.912,P=0.015)的WHR较低。结论双生子的身高、体重以及WHR与卵型有关;身高、体重、BMI受遗传因素影响较大,WHR受环境因素影响较大;双生子超重或肥胖与性别、年龄、体力活动、受教育程度、食用果蔬等因素有关;腹型肥胖主要受性别、年龄、体力活动等因素的影响。     

广州市某社区2~6岁儿童超重肥胖与生命早期因素研究

分析2~6岁儿童超重肥胖与生命早期因素的关系,为预防学龄前儿童超重肥胖提供理论依据.方法 采用随机整群抽样方法,于2018年在广州市抽取1个社区的所有托幼园所922名儿童为研究对象.调查内容包括问卷调查和体格检查.采用Logistic回归分析学龄前儿童超重肥胖与生命早期因素的关系.结果 学龄前儿童超重肥胖检出率为13.4%,男童超重肥胖检出率(16.1%)高于女童(10.1%),差异有统计学意义(Z=2.69,P<0.05).学龄前儿童超重肥胖检出率在大于胎龄儿、剖宫产、出生后6月内人工喂养、母亲孕前体质量指数(BMI)超重或肥胖、母亲孕期体重增重过多组内较高(P值均<0.01).二项式Logistic回归分析显示,大于胎龄儿(OR=2.62,95%CI=1.42~4.82)、剖宫产(OR=1.59,95%CI=1.08~2.36)、出生后6月内人工喂养(OR=2.00,95%CI=1.19~3.37);母亲孕前超重或肥胖(OR=1.97,95%CI=1.08~3.58)和母亲孕期增重过多(OR=2.07,95%CI=1.26~3.39)与学龄前儿童超重肥胖呈正相关(P值均<0.05);母亲孕前消瘦(OR=0.51,95%CI=0.29~0.88)与学龄前儿童超重肥胖呈负相关(P<0.05).结论 该社区2~6岁儿童超重肥胖检出率较高,学龄前儿童超重肥胖与出生体重、分娩方式、出生后6月内喂养方式、母亲孕前BMI和母亲孕期增重等生命早期因素相关,积极有效的早期干预可预防学龄前儿童超重肥胖.     

父母体重和儿童青少年生命早期因素对其超重肥胖的影响

目的 探究儿童青少年超重肥胖的风险与其生命早期因素以及父母体重的关联,为防制儿童青少年超重肥胖提供理论依据。方法 于2022年6月1—30日,采用分层随机整群抽样方法在呼和浩特市抽取5 370名中小学生,使用问卷调查收集信息,并就父母体质量指数(BMI)和儿童青少年生命早期因素对其超重肥胖影响使用多元Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析。结果 中小学生超重肥胖率为32.2%,男生超重肥胖率为37.8%,高于女生的26.1%(χ²=84.59,P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,仅父亲超重(OR=1.52,95%CI=1.30～1.77)、仅母亲超重(OR=1.61,95%CI=1.31～1.97)、父母均超重(OR=2.42,95%CI=2.03～2.87)的儿童青少年超重肥胖风险较高(P值均<0.01)。高出生体重(OR=1.29,95%CI=1.08～1.55),剖宫产(OR=1.32,95%CI=1.17～1.48),母亲孕期增重过多(OR=1.24,95%CI=1.06～1.46)的儿童青少年超重肥胖风险较高(P值均<...     

出生体重与18～24岁高校青年体质量指数关联性的队列研究

目的:分析出生体重与青年期体质量指数(BMI)的关系。方法:采用回顾性队列研究的方法,以18～24岁高校青年为研究对象开展流行病学问卷调查,其主要内容包括研究对象父母BMI、研究对象的出生体重及BMI、性别、年龄以及一般生活习惯等。采用多分类logistic回归分析出生体重与青年期BMI的关系。结果:符合纳入排除标准8578人,其中偏瘦2574人(30.0%),超重或肥胖384人(4.5%)。低出生体重1077人(12.6%),高出生体重509人(5.9%)。低出生体重者相比出生体重3000～3499g者更易发生青年期偏瘦(调整OR=1.35,95%CI 1.15～1.59),并且更易发生超重或肥胖(调整OR=1.22,95%CI0.85～1.76);高出生体重者相比出生体重3000～3499g者更易发生青年期超重或肥胖(调整OR=1.51,95%CI 1.03～2.21)。结论:出生体重对18～24岁高校青年发生超重或肥胖的影响风险表现为"J"字型关系,对偏瘦的影响风险呈下降关系。     

Larger thigh and hip circumferences are associated with better glucose tolerance: the Hoorn study

OBJECTIVE: A higher waist-to-hip ratio, which can be due to a higher waist circumference, a lower hip circumference, or both, is associated with higher glucose levels and incident diabetes. A lower hip circumference could reflect either lower fat mass or lower muscle mass. Muscle mass might be better reflected by thigh circumference. The aim of this study was to investigate the contributions of thigh and hip circumferences, independent of waist circumference, to measures of glucose metabolism. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: For this cross-sectional study we used baseline data from the Hoorn Study, a population-based cohort study of glucose tolerance among 2484 men and women aged 50 to 75. Glucose tolerance was assessed by a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test; hemoglobin A(1c) and fasting insulin were also measured. Anthropometric measurements included body mass index (BMI) and waist, hip, and thigh circumferences. RESULTS: Stratified analyses and multiple linear regression showed that after adjustment for age, BMI, and waist circumference, thigh circumference was negatively associated with markers of glucose metabolism in women, but not in men. Standardized beta values in women were -0.164 for fasting, -0.206 for post-load glucose, -0.190 for hemoglobin A(1c) (all p < 0.001), and -0.065 for natural log insulin levels (p = 0.061). Hip circumference was negatively associated with markers of glucose metabolism in both sexes (standardized betas ranging from -0.093 to -0.296, p < 0.05) except for insulin in men. Waist circumference was positively associated with glucose metabolism. DISCUSSION: Thigh circumference in women and hip circumference in both sexes are negatively associated with markers of glucose metabolism independently of the waist circumference, BMI, and age. Both fat and muscle tissues may contribute to these associations.     

The utility of waist circumference in assessment of obesity

The objective of this study was to assess the correlation between waist circumference and waist hip ratio and body mass index. Also to assess if a simple measurement like the waist circumference can be used as an independent indicator for detecting health risk and management. 500 men and 500 women were included in this study from the out patient department and indoor wards of Medical College, Calcutta. Only 7% of the males and 16% of the females had body mass index > or = 25. About 50% of both males and females had waist hip ratio above the desirable range (0.80 for females and 0.95 for males). About 99% of females with, waist circumference > or = 72 cm. had either body mass index > or = 25 or high waist hip ratio > or = 0.80 or both. Similarly 99% of males with waist circumference > or = 80 cm. had either high body mass index > or = 25 or high waist hip ratio > or = 0.90 or both. Waist circumference is simple to assess and can be used as an independent measurement to identify those at risk from either increased body weight or central fat distribution or both.     

Which measure of body fat distribution is best for epidemiologic research?

Multivariate associations were sought between risk factor levels (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures) and two sets of anthropometric variables (four circumferences and six skinfolds) to select a set of anthropometric indicators of body fat distribution that correlate most highly with risk of disease. Subjects were men (n = 285) and women (n = 672) from a study of gallbladder disease in a Mexican American population in Starr County, Texas, 1985-1986. The canonical correlations showed that circumferences (0.49-0.61) and skinfolds (0.42-0.60) were equally well correlated to risk factor levels independently of sex and age. Weights from the canonical analyses suggest that measurements at or above the waist and on the lower limb (thigh) are most heavily loaded toward risk (waist = highest risk; thigh = lowest risk). The simplest and most reliable index of body fat distribution for both sexes is the ratio of waist to thigh circumferences. The more commonly used waist/hip ratio proved more valid in women, but not in men. Simple skinfold indices of body fat distribution were more poorly correlated to risk factor levels than the corresponding circumference ratios. In women, body mass index and waist circumference by themselves did as well as body fat distribution indices in explaining variation in risk factors, suggesting the involvement of visceral fat in the body fat/body fat distribution disease relation.     

533名中老年人高血压患病情况及生理预测指标的探讨

目的：探讨简易体质参数(BMI、WC、WHR)预测高血压的可行性。方法：采用整群抽样调查533名能代表郴州市一般人群生活水平的三个不同社区中的人群。结果：三个社区中高血压患病率、知晓率、控制率分别为13．38％、21．39％、63．16％。体质参数BMI、WC与男女收缩压和舒张压均密切相关(P＜0．05)，而WHR仅与男性舒张压密切相关(P＜0．05)。结论：BMI、WC、WHR是高血压重要的危险因素，可作为高血压病的生理预测指标。     

Associations of hip and thigh circumferences independent of waist circumference with the incidence of type 2 diabetes: the Hoorn Study

BACKGROUND: The higher risk of type 2 diabetes in persons with a high waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) or waist-to-thigh ratio (WTR) has mostly been attributed to increased visceral fat accumulation. However, smaller hip or thigh circumference may also explain the predictive value of the WHR or WTR for type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE: This study considered prospectively the association of hip and thigh circumferences, independent of waist circumference, with the incidence of type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: The Hoorn Study is a population-based cohort study of diabetes. A total of 1357 men and women aged 50-75 y and nondiabetic at baseline participated in the 6-y follow-up examination. Glucose tolerance was assessed by use of a 75-g oral-glucose-tolerance test. Baseline anthropometric measurements included body mass index (BMI) and waist, hip, and thigh circumferences. RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses showed that a 1-SD larger hip circumference gave an odds ratio (OR) for developing diabetes of 0.55 (95% CI: 0.36, 0.85) in men and 0.63 (0.42, 0.94) in women, after adjustment for age, BMI, and waist circumference. The adjusted ORs for a 1-SD larger thigh circumference were 0.79 (0.53, 1.19) in men and 0.64 (0.46, 0.93) in women. In contrast with hip and thigh circumferences, waist circumference was positively associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes in these models (ORs ranging from 1.60 to 2.66). CONCLUSION: Large hip and thigh circumferences are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, independently of BMI, age, and waist circumference, whereas a larger waist circumference is associated with a higher risk.     

Associations of anthropometric characteristics with blood cholesterol fractions among adults. The Greek EPIC study

OBJECTIVE: To explore the independent associations of body height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and hip circumference with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (non-HDL-cholesterol), in a large general population sample. DESIGN: Cross sectional. SETTING: Urban and rural areas throughout Greece. SUBJECTS: In total,10 837 volunteers, 2034 men and 8803 women, aged 25-82 years, participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study (EPIC), who have never smoked and never been treated for dyslipidemia. INTERVENTIONS: None. RESULTS: The effect of height on non-HDL-cholesterol was opposite but in absolute terms almost as important as that of BMI with no gender interaction. Among women, hip circumference was inversely associated with non-HDL-cholesterol (standardized coefficient bst = -1.11, with standard error (s.e.)=0.42) and positively with HDL-cholesterol (bst = 0.85, s.e.= 0.12) whereas, waist circumference was inversely associated with HDL-cholesterol (bst = -1.16, s.e.=0.13) and strongly positively with non-HDL-cholesterol (bst = 8.83, s.e.= 0.45). Among men, associations were generally weaker (in absolute terms by about 50%) and for hip circumference the association with non-HDL-cholesterol was actually non significantly positive. CONCLUSIONS: Height was inversely associated with HDL and non-HDL-cholesterol implicating early life phenomena in the regulation of these variables. Larger hip circumference among women had beneficial effects on blood cholesterol fractions by increasing HDL-cholesterol and reducing non-HDL-cholesterol, whereas among men the relevant effects were less clear cut. The detrimental consequences of large waist circumference on both HDL (reduction) and non-HDL-cholesterol (increase) were also particularly marked among women. SPONSORSHIP: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) is coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (World Health Organization) and supported by the Europe Against Cancer Program of the European Commission. The Greek segment of the EPIC study is also supported by the Greek Ministry of Health and the Greek Ministry of Education. This study was additionally supported by the fellowship 'Vassilios and Nafsika Tricha'.     

Assessment of intra-abdominal and subcutaneous abdominal fat: relation between anthropometry and computed tomography

The ability to distinguish between intra-abdominal and subcutaneous abdominal fat may be important in epidemiologic and clinical research. In this study anthropometric measurements were taken from 71 men and 34 women presenting for routine computed tomography (CT). Areas of abdominal fat were calculated from CT scans made at the level of the L4 vertebra. The amounts of intra-abdominal and subcutaneous abdominal fat could be accurately predicted from several circumferences, skinfold measurements, body mass index, and age (R2 ranged from 0.79 to 0.84). In addition, it was found that the area of intra-abdominal fat on the CT scan was related to the waist:hip circumference ratio (r = 0.75 in men, r = 0.55 in women) and to the waist:thigh circumference ratio (r = 0.55 in men, r = 0.70 in women). The correlations of the circumference ratios with the areas of subcutaneous fat were invariably lower.     

Waist and hip circumferences have independent and opposite effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors: the Quebec Family Study

BACKGROUND: A high waist-to-hip ratio is associated with unfavorable cardiovascular disease risk factors. This could be due to either a relatively large waist or a small hip girth. OBJECTIVE: We sought to define the separate contributions of waist girth, hip girth, and body mass index (BMI) to measures of body composition, fat distribution, and cardiovascular disease risk factors. DESIGN: Three-hundred thirteen men and 382 women living in the greater Quebec City area were involved in this cross-sectional study. Percentage body fat, anthropometric measurements, and abdominal fat distribution were obtained and BMI (in kg/m2) and waist-to-hip ratio were calculated. Serum blood lipids were determined from blood samples collected after subjects had fasted overnight RESULTS: A large waist circumference in men and women (adjusted for age, BMI, and hip circumference) was associated significantly with low HDL-cholesterol concentrations (P < 0.05) and high fasting triacylglycerol, insulin, and glucose concentrations (P < 0.01). In women alone, a large waist circumference was also associated with high LDL-cholesterol concentrations and blood pressure. A narrow hip circumference (adjusted for age, BMI, and waist circumference) was associated with low HDL-cholesterol and high glucose concentrations in men (P < 0.05) and high triacylglycerol and insulin concentrations in men and women (P < 0.05). Waist and hip girths showed different relations to body fat, fat-free mass, and visceral fat accumulation. CONCLUSIONS: Waist and hip circumferences measure different aspects of body composition and fat distribution and have independent and often opposite effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors. A narrow waist and large hips may both protect against cardiovascular disease. These specific effects of each girth measure are poorly captured in the waist-to-hip ratio.     

Fat distribution and gamma-glutamyl transferase in relation to serum lipids and blood pressure in 38-year old Dutch males

In this study we describe the associations between indicators of fatness, fat distribution, and alcohol consumption (gamma-glutamyl transferase) with serum lipids and blood pressure in a random selected group (n = 69) of 38-year old men. Waist circumference, subscapular skinfold and body mass index all had similar positive associations with total cholesterol, triglycerides and diastolic blood pressure. Gamma-glutamyl transferase levels were associated with indicators of fatness and fat distribution (waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, body mass index, and subscapular skinfold) and serum lipids (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides). Gamma-glutamyl transferase and body mass index both made independent contributions to the explanation of the waist/hip ratio. In multiple regression analysis, gamma-glutamyl transferase levels were (after adjustment for waist/hip ratio and body mass index) associated with serum lipids (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides), but not with HDL-cholesterol and blood pressure. Body mass index only showed an independent relation to triglyceride levels, whereas the waist/hip ratio was only associated with diastolic blood pressure in multiple regression. It is concluded that gamma-glutamyl transferase levels are a potentially important indicator of abdominal fat distribution and unfavourable lipoprotein profiles.