Experimental Research on the Propagation Process of Continuous Rotating Detonation Wave

In order to study the propagation mechanism of continuous rotating detonation wave, the H2/air continuous rotating detonation engine ignited by tangentially installed H2/O2 pre-detonation tube is studied experimentally using a tilt slot injector structure. The experimental results show that the stable rotating detonation wave can be gained successfully with the equivalent ratio of 0.93. The propagation frequency and velocity of rotating detonation wave range from 5200 to 5500 Hz and from 1518.5 to 1606.1 m/s, respectively. Three propagation modes, such as rotation, reversal and bifurcation, of detonation wave are vetified through the analysis of propagation mechanism of rotating detonation     

Detonation Propagation in 180°Ribs of an Insensitive High Energy Explosive

Steady detonation regimes, such as the detonation of explosive rate sticks, are of particular interest in studies of explosive reaction kinetics. If this is the case the detonation front shape as well as the fields of particle velocity, pressure etc. are steady in the system of coordinates linked to the detonation front. This facilitates the analysis of the experimental data obtained to verify or calibrate various detonation models.     

Study of simple plane wave generator with an air-metal barrier

Plane wave generators （PWGs） are used to accelerate flyer plates to high velocities with their generated plane waves, which are widely used in the test of dynamic properties of materials. The traditional PWG is composed of two explosives with different detonation velocities. It is difficult to implement the related fabrication processes and control the generated waves due to its complicated structures. A simple plane wave generator is presented in this paper, which is composed of two identical cylindrical high explosive （HE） charges and an air-metal barrier. A theoretical model was established based on two different paths of the propagation of detonation waves, based on which the size of air-metal barrier was calculated for a given charge. The corresponding numerical simulations were also carried out by AUTODYN-2D based on the calculated results, which were used to compare with the theoretical calculations. A detonation wave with a flatness of 0.039 μs within the range of 70-percent diameter of the main charge was obtained through the simulations.     

Study on Random Initiation Phenomenon for Sympathetic Detonation of Explosive

It is important to understand the characteristics of explosive sympathetic detonation for explosive safety. Sympathetic reaction test of GIlL （RDX/A1/Binder） explosive charges with shell are conducted. A model of the sympathetic reaction test is established. The elements-apart method and nodes random-failure method are used in the model to desctibe the expression progress of shell expanding and the randomly forming process of fragments. Random detonation phenomena of acceptor charge are simulated.     

Semi-analytical method for calculating aeroelastic effect of profiled rod flying at high velocity

The key technique of a kinetic energy rod(KER) warhead is to control the flight attitude of rods. The rods are usually designed to different shapes. A new conceptual KER named profiled rod which has large L/D ratio is described in this paper. The elastic dynamic equations of this profiled rod flying at high velocity after detonation are set up on the basis of Euler-Bernoulli beam, and the aeroelastic deformation of profiled rod is calculated by semi-analytical method for calculating the vibration characteristics of variable cross-section beam. In addition, the aeroelastic deformation of the undeformed profiled rod and the aeroelastic deformation of deformed profiled rod which is caused by the detonation of explosive are simulated by computational fluid dynamic and finite element method(CFD/FEM), respectively. A satisfactory agreement of these two methods is obtained by the comparison of two methods. The results show that the semi-analytical method for calculating the vibration characteristics of variable cross-section beam is applied to analyze the aeroelastic deformation of profiled rod flying at high velocity.     

Research on the Application of Explosive Network in the Shaped Charge Warhead

With respect to the problems of that the shaped charge warhead currently uses a cover method to improve the penetration power, a method using an explosive network technology as the detonation mode of shaped charge warhead is proposed. In the context of some shaped charge warhead, a synchronous explosive network prototype is designed according to some charge structure parameters, such as the liner and main grain. From the performance comparison test, it can be known that the explosive network not only stably detonates, but also largely improves the penetration power and stability. Experimental results show that explosive network technology is an effective method for improving the penetration power. The results lay a solid foundation for the engineering application of the technology in the shaped charge warhead.     

高性能炸药3,6-双-（3,5-二硝基-1,2,4-三唑基）-1,2,4,5-四嗪的理论估算概述（英）

1 IntroductionThe determination of detonation performance,sensi-tivity and thermochemical properties of a new energeticcompound prior of its actual synthesis is appreciated toexplosive user because they can help to reduce the costsassociated with its synthesis,test and evaluation as wellas to eliminate poor candidate.Some properties such ascrystal density,heat of formation,detonation pressure,detonation velocity and sensitivity would permit the selec-tion of only the most promising substances …     

Application of Two-dimensional Viscous CE/SE Method in Calculation of Two-phase Detonation

The method of two-dimensional viscous space-time conservation element and solution element (CE/SE) can be used to calculate the gas-liquid two-phase interior flow field in pulse detonation engine (PDE). In this paper, the evolution of the detonation wave and the distribution of its physical parameters were analyzed. The numerical results show that the change of axial velocity of gas is the same as that of detonation pressure. The larger the liquid droplet radius is, the longer the time to get stable detonation wave is. The calculated results coincide with the experimented results better.     

Particle Velocity Measurement for Spherical Wave in Solid

An experimental technique for research on spherical divergent wave propagation in a solid has been developed, in which the source of generating spherical wave is a center initiating explosive charge designed in a mini-spherical shape with yield equivalent to 0. 125 g and 0. 486 g TNT and a set of circular electromagnetic particle velocity gages is used to record the particle velocity histories. By using the circular electromagnetic particle velocity gages, the signal outputs not only are unattenuated due to the geometrical divergence, hut also represent the average of the measured dynamic states of the medium over a circle on the wavefront. The distinctive features of this technique are very useful for the study of spherical divergent wave propagation in a solid, especially in an inhomogeneous solid, and the corresponding material dynamics. Many experimental measurements were conducted in polymethylmethacrylate （PMMA） and granite by means of the technique, and the reproducibility of tests was shown to be good. The measurement technique of the circular electromagnetic particle velocity gages is also suitable to the case of cylindrical wave.     

Scale-up synthesis and characterization of 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine- 1-oxide

2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide （ANPZO）, as an insensitive high explosive, with a high yield and excellent purity has been prepared at pilot plant scale by an improved method. The synthesized ANPZO is characterized by IR, laser granularity measurement, SEM and HPLC. The particle analysis revealed that the improved method could offer desired product with average particle size of 40 gm and high purity （〉98.45%）. The experimental parameters exhibited that the detonation velocity of the formulation based on ANPZO was higher than that of the corresponding TATB formulation. The DSC curve showed that the exothermic decomposition of the product occurred at the temperature between 300.5℃ and 360.4℃. Furthermore, the sensitivity test suggests its safe nature towards mechanical stimulus.     

基于不同爆轰产物的格尼速度估算新方法

1 IntroductionThe detonation products are largely gases, which inhigh temperature and high pressure regime, are highlynon-ideal. Detonation parameters such as pressure andvelocity can be calculated by a computer code, e.g. TI-GER[1], which uses a database of thermodynamic charac-teristics of explosion products and initial composition ofhigh explosives. Moreover, empirical correlations can al-so be used to determine important properties of energeticcompounds[2]. Some new methods have also bee…     

高格尼能钝感浇注PBX设计及性能

通过系列浇注高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)的爆轰性能,拟合得到爆速与HMX含量的线性关系,研究了HMX颗粒特性及钝感剂含量对混合炸药机械感度的影响。结果表明,采用高品质HMX和3%的钝感剂时,混合炸药的安全性最好。在此基础上设计制备了一种组成及性能与B2273A(HMX/丁羟粘结剂90/10)接近的HMX基高固相浇注PBX炸药GO-1(HMX/丁羟粘结剂90/10)。其摩擦感度和撞击感度分别为5%和0,冲击波感度I50为17.7 mm,爆速为8587 m·s-1,格尼系数为2.80,爆轰性能、金属加速能力和安全性能优良,该炸药在枪击试验、烤燃试验中均为燃烧的低反应等级。     

典型CL-20和HMX基压装炸药爆炸驱动特性对比

为了考察六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)基炸药较典型奥克托今(HMX)基炸药的爆炸驱动性能提升幅度,选取典型CL-20基压装混合炸药和HMX基压装混合炸药(JO-8)开展了爆速、爆压、标准圆筒对比实验测试,并设计了预制破片驱动装置和聚能装药结构,分别开展炸药径向、轴向驱动静爆/静破甲威力实验,实测了爆炸驱动破片的速度以及射流对钢靶静破甲深度。结果表明,CL-20基炸药(密度为1.95 g·cm^-3)的爆速、爆压和格尼系数较JO-8炸药(密度为1.83 g·cm^-3)分别提高4.8%、16.7%和3.5%。在相同结构下,CL-20基炸药驱动预制破片速度、动能较JO-8炸药分别提高5.1%~7.3%、10.5%~15.1%;在5.5倍装药直径(CD)炸高条件下,装填CL-20基炸药的聚能装药较装填JO-8炸药的静破甲能力提高3.2%~12.6%。     

爆轰驱动金属圆筒的能量转换与破片初速模型

基于爆轰产物的JWL状态方程和Taylor破裂判据,从能量守恒出发推导了一种考虑膨胀细节的爆轰驱动金属圆筒能量转换与破片初速模型。选用无氧铜、45^#钢和6061铝合金3种材料进行压装TNT炸药驱动的圆筒试验。对比试验的膨胀轨迹与膨胀速度和模型计算结果,表明所建立的爆轰驱动模型综合考虑了炸药-金属系统驱动的膨胀过程和力学性能因素,相比格尼公式只单一考虑炸药爆轰参数的驱动能力,更全面地考虑爆轰驱动影响因素,计算结果更具有针对性和适用性。     

24-二硝基苯甲醚基高爆速熔铸炸药爆轰性能表征

为了揭示2,4-二硝基苯甲醚 (DNAN)基不敏感熔铸炸药的爆轰特性,加快DNAN基熔铸炸药的应用,采用Fortran BKW代码计算了Octol炸药和不同组分DNAN基熔铸炸药的爆轰参数(爆速、爆压)。采用电测法、爆炸概率法和激光干涉测速技术分别对DNAN基配方DNAN 20/奥克托今80和Octol炸药的爆速、爆压、机械感度以及金属板驱动能力进行了试验测试。试验结果表明：该DNAN基炸药的爆速为8 436 m/s,爆压为31.23 GPa,爆轰性能优于Octol炸药;撞击感度为33%,摩擦感度为57%,机械感度低于Octol炸药;驱动金属板速度达到3 045 m/s,优于Octol炸药。该DNAN基高爆速熔铸炸药综合性能优于Octol炸药,可替代Octol炸药用于防空反导和大口径爆炸成型弹丸战斗部。     

CP、RDX和Pb（N3）2热分解及爆轰特征的对比研究

以ＤＳＣ热分解实验、感度实验及爆轰参数测试的结果为依据，研究了典型猛炸药ＲＤＸ、起爆药Ｐｂ（Ｎ＿３）＿２和性能介于二者之间的ＣＰ炸药的热分解规律及爆轰行为的异同。     

冲压加速器预混推进剂爆轰速度研究

冲压加速器是利用推进剂气体混合物的化学能将弹丸加速到超过２ｋｍ／ｓ初速的新发射技术，根据弹丸的速度和气体混合物的爆轰速度可将它分为三种运动模型。简单了冲压加速器的基本原理，对冲压加速器中常用的甲烷、氧和氮混合和折爆轰速度进行了实验测量，并用爆轰理论对爆轰参数进行了计算。     

304不锈钢/Q235钢的多面约束装药爆炸焊接

为了提高爆炸焊接中炸药的能量利用率,使用了蜂窝铝结构乳化炸药和在蜂窝铝结构乳化炸药上端布置覆盖板的多面约束装药方式。蜂窝结构及覆盖板的多面约束减弱了空气中稀疏波对炸药爆轰的影响,降低了炸药爆轰的临界直径,提高了炸药对复板的做功能力。以304不锈钢板和Q235钢板分别作为复板和基板,进行了多面约束装药和普通乳化炸药裸露装药的对比爆炸焊接试验,并采用格尼模型对爆炸焊接窗口和覆盖板对复板碰撞速度的影响进行了理论分析。结果表明,与传统爆炸复合技术相比,结合质量明显提高,并且炸药使用量减小了50%,炸药能量利用率显著提高。而复板碰撞速度随着覆盖板质量的增加而增加,但增加率降低。此外,得到了爆炸焊接窗口并对焊接质量进行了预测,实验和预测结果吻合良好。     

中心药抛撒金属颗粒群的初速计算与实验研究

中心药驱动下金属颗粒群的运动的形成机理与破片运动的形成机理不同,颗粒群初速不能直接应用计算破片初速的Gurney公式得到。中心药柱爆炸抛撒颗粒群的实验表明,颗粒的平均初速低于应用Gurney模型计算的结果。颗粒平均初速不仅与颗粒/炸药质量比有关,还与侧向损失、颗粒尺寸、颗粒材料的真实密度及颗粒间的孔隙率有关。在考虑以上4种因素的基础上对Gurney公式进行了改进,计算得到的颗粒初速与实验结果比较一致。改进后的Gurney公式可较好地用于中心药柱爆炸抛撒颗粒的平均初速计算。     

24-二硝基苯甲醚基熔铸含铝炸药圆筒试验及爆轰产物状态方程

为明确含铝炸药冲击起爆过程中爆轰产物状态方程参数的确定方法,采用2,4-二硝基苯甲醚(DNAN)基熔铸含铝炸药RA1（奥克托今(HMX)/DNAN/Al）和对应含氟化锂(LiF)炸药RF1（HMX/DNAN/LiF）开展50 mm标准圆筒试验。利用电探针测速法和光子多普勒速度测试技术获得RA1和RF1炸药的爆速和圆筒膨胀速度,并通过遗传算法和数值模拟技术分别确定两种炸药的爆轰产物状态方程参数。对比RA1与RF1炸药的圆筒速度变化曲线发现：在0~4.6 μs时间内,两曲线重合度较高;在4.6 μs以后,随着铝粉反应量的增加,两曲线出现明显分离。结果表明：铝粉在爆轰阶段反应量很少,反应主要发生在产物膨胀阶段,由此可得在含铝炸药冲击起爆过程中铝粉的反应量可近似忽略,冲击起爆数值模拟时含铝炸药爆轰产物的状态可由对应含LiF炸药的产物状态方程描述。