金属镍枝晶电沉积的二维生长

将分形几何与电化学原理相结合,编程模拟了点阴极和点阳极电沉积中枝晶的分形生长。采用圆形电解池点阴极电沉积和点阳极射流电沉积的方法分别制备了不同浓度下的金属镍枝晶,并与模拟结果进行比较,结果表明,点阴极电沉积和点阳极射流电沉积中的枝晶均是分形生长的;电解质浓度的变化对枝晶生长形态的影响与模拟的结果具有极好的相似性,模拟结果是可以对点阴极和点阳极电沉积中枝晶的生长机理进行正确表述的,同时发现,气泡对枝晶的生长形貌影响显著。     

点阳极射流电沉积中的枝晶分形生长

利用建立的点阳极电沉积时枝晶分形生长模型,对圆形电解池点阳极电沉积二维枝晶簇的形貌进行了模拟.以点状金属镍为阳极,环状石墨为阴极,用自行设计的实验设备,采用射流电沉积的方法制备了二维的金属镍枝晶簇以验证模拟结果.结果表明:镍沉积层的形貌特征为具有分形结构的枝晶簇,这与模拟结果具有很好的相似性,表明该模型能够准确地表述圆形电解池点阳极电沉积时枝晶的生长过程,从而对枝晶分形生长的实验研究具有很好的指导意义.     

分形论在材料科学中的应用

介绍若干材料中的分形凝聚模型:扩散限制凝聚(DLA)模型、动力学集团凝聚(KCA)模型和扩散与化学限制凝聚(DCLA)模型;着重讨论了材料科学中分形研究的新进展:电化学分形生长、表面分形、高分子聚合物分形、准晶分形、薄膜中的分形凝聚、纳米半导体分形生长和断裂面的分形性质。     

三角点阵基底上基于幂次相互作用的二维磁性团簇磁结构研究

在扩散限制凝聚模型基础上引入粒子的自旋自由度(包括自旋向上和向下),将自旋耦合系数扩展为随粒子间距离幂次变化的非常数项J/rα,采用Monte Carlo方法研究了在二维三角点阵基底上不同幂指数α以及耦合强度系数J值磁性粒子的分形生长规律,给出了此类磁性分形团簇的自旋分布、磁化强度等随模型参数的演化规律。     

灰铸铁组织特征的分形研究

对枝晶生长过程作了模拟，表明枝晶生长结构具有分形特征；对灰铸铁凝固组织即初生相，研究结果表明也具有分形特征，籍此提出了描述复杂形态的树枝晶的有效参数即金相截面上树枝晶分布的盒计数维数。     

灰铸铁组织特征的分形研究

对枝晶生长过程作了模拟，表明枝晶生长结构具有分形特征，对灰铸铁凝固组织即初生相，研究结果表明也具分形特征，籍此提出了描述复杂形态的树枝晶的有效参数即金相截面上树枝晶分布的盒计数维数。     

纳米石墨凝聚粒子红外消光特性研究

利用分形生长理论的有限扩散模型(DLA)模拟了凝聚粒子的可能结构,基于离散偶极子近似方法(DDA)对纳米石墨凝聚粒子的红外消光截面进行了数值计算,分析了凝聚粒子包含的纳米石墨粒子数目、原始粒径及凝聚粒子分形结构、空间取向对红外消光性能的影响,比较了纳米石墨凝聚粒子和等体积球的红外消光特性.结果表明,纳米石墨粒子适当凝聚...     

非均质基底表面团簇生长的周期性研究

根据基底表面客观存在杂相（不同材料、或同一材料的不同晶面等）的实验事实，考虑到粒子进出不同的相界具有不同的能耗，粒子在不同相基底上扩散具有不同的能耗，建立了非均质基底上扩散能量有限的多中心成核的DLA模型，对非均质基底上团簇的生长过程进行了Monte Carlo模拟。模拟结果表明：沉积在此类基底表面的粒子凝聚成具有分形结构的团簇的数目、团簇的回旋半径、团簇的分形维数均呈现一种周期性的变化。     

Al-4%Cu凝固过程枝晶生长的数值模拟

改进了模拟枝晶生长常用的二维元胞自动机和有限差分(CA-FD)模型,新模型引入扰动函数来控制二、三次枝晶的生长;在枝晶生长过程中,将溶质浓度明确地分为液相溶质浓度和固相溶质浓度两部分;并在溶质再分配与扩散过程中采用八邻位差分以减少网格形状导致溶质扩散的各向异性。模拟了Al-4%Cu二元合金过冷熔体中,单个和多个等轴晶沿不同择优方向生长及单方向和多方向柱状树枝晶竞争生长过程中的枝晶形貌、液相溶质浓度和固相溶质浓度分布情况。模拟结果表明:扰动的引入能够促使枝晶产生分支,并控制二、三次枝晶的生长速率;液/固相溶质计算模型能够准确地模拟出枝晶生长过程中液/固相溶质分布;此外改进后的模型实现了枝晶沿任意方向的竞争生长。     

基于三维LBM-CA模型模拟Al-4.7%Cu合金的枝晶形貌和成分分布

建立了三维格子玻尔兹曼方法(LBM)-元胞自动机(CA)耦合数值模型,并用该模型模拟研究了Al-4.7%Cu(质量分数)固溶体合金的凝固过程。该耦合模型采用元胞自动机方法模拟枝晶的生长,同时采用基于分子动力学理论的格子玻尔兹曼方法模拟合金凝固过程中的温度场、流场以及溶质场。模拟结果再现了合金凝固过程中的三维枝晶形貌变化以及溶质富集过程,并将三维流场因素考虑进去,定量研究了自然对流、过冷度对单枝晶形貌和成分分布的影响。研究表明,在纯扩散条件下,枝晶呈现对称的生长现象,模拟自由枝晶稳态生长的尖端速度、尖端半径和过冷度的关系与Lipton-Glicksman-Kurz(LGK)理论模型吻合得较好。在自然对流条件下,枝晶的生长形貌呈现不对称性,即枝晶生长在迎流方向上得到了促进,在顺流方向上受到了抑制。熔体过冷度对枝晶生长的影响较大,过冷度的增加导致枝晶生长加快,二次枝晶增多且呈现出粗化现象,枝晶尖端固液界面处的溶质浓度偏高,加重了溶质偏析。     

Establishment and applications of selective aggregation model of silica sol particles

A study of the aggregation of silica sol particles is presented by using a Monte Carlo simulation including the reaction parameters: activation energy, temperature, and particle concentration. In this simulation, all of the system particles are classified as active and inactive types; only the activated particles can aggregate into clusters, and consequently the aggregation exhibits selectivity. The influences of the above reaction parameters on structural properties and growth kinetics of aggregates are investigated and compared with the existing relevant results. The evolutions of the fractal dimension and size distribution of aggregates over the entire process suggest that the sol system exhibits the behaviors of diffusion-limited cluster aggregation at earlier times and crosses over to those of diffusion-limited aggregation at later times.     

Numerical simulation of solid-liquid mixing characteristics in a stirred tank with fractal impellers

The hydrodynamics of solid-liquid mixing process in a stirred tank with four pitched-blade impellers, fractal 1 impellers, and fractal 2 impellers were investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. An Eulerian-Eulerian approach, standard k-ε turbulence model, and multiple reference frames (MRF) technique were employed to simulate the solid-liquid two-phase flow, turbulent flow, and impeller rotation, respectively. The effects of impeller speed, impeller type, impeller spacing, impeller blade tilt angle, impeller blade shape, solid particle size and initial solid particle loading on the solid particle suspension quality were investigated. Results showed that the homogenous degree of solid-liquid system increased with the increase of impeller speed. The impeller spacing of T5/6 and T and impeller blade tilt angle of 60° and 45° were appropriate for the solid-liquid suspension process. Fractal shape impeller was more efficient than jagged shape impeller in solid-liquid mixing process. Larger particle diameter and higher initial solid particle loading resulted in less homogenous distribution of solid particles. It was found that fractal impeller could improve the solid particle suspension quality compared with four pitched-blade impeller under the same power consumption, increasingly so with the fractal iteration number of fractal impeller. Moreover, fractal impeller reduced the size of impeller trailing vortex and consumed less power consumption compared with four pitched-blade impeller at the same impeller speed, and the more the number of fractal iteration, the higher the impeller energy utilization rate of fractal impeller.     

四分位偏差分形维及其在齿轮故障识别中的应用

介绍了用于非平稳、非线性信号的四分位偏差分形维算法，并通过仿真实例验证了此计算方法的准确性。针对齿轮振动信号的非平稳、非高斯、非线性特点，将四分位偏差分形维用于齿轮故障分类，结果表明此方法能很好地区分齿轮故障模式。以四分位偏差与相应的截距为特征量进行聚类，能更好地区分齿轮的各种故障模式。可将其用于在线故障识别。     

THE USE OF SIMULATED FRACTALS IN THE ANALYSIS OF AGGREGATES

A procedure is described for the simulation of clusters and aggregates which are constrained to have a definite fractal dimension. The fractal (Hausdorff-Besicovitch) dimension of the simulated clusters was determined for two dimensional projections of clusters using methods based on the radius of gyration and ¹Voss. The two approaches are compared and used to develop a correlation between the fractal dimension of the cluster and its two dimensional projection.     

中空玻璃微珠粒度分布分形特征及其与空隙率关系的研究

为研究中空玻璃微珠粒度分布分形特征与空隙率的关系,测量了6种中空玻璃微珠的粒度累积分布,用统计学概念与分形理论分别考察了中空玻璃微珠的粒度分布法则及其分形特征。结果表明:中空玻璃微珠粒度累积频率与相应的上限粒径的对数值有良好的线形关系,粒度符合对数正态分布法则;各中空玻璃微珠的粒度累积频率与粒径与最大粒径比值的双对数值呈线形关系,相关系数在0.95～0.98之间,强的相关表明各中空玻璃微珠的粒度分布的分形结构是客观的;随着中空玻璃微珠粒度分布分形维的增加,其空隙率减少。     

用投影轮廓分维中位维表征颗粒群粗糙度的研究

为了表征颗粒群粗糙度,本文中构建了单颗粒投影轮廓分维数学模型,并以高精度数字光学显微系统为基础,测算了5种颗粒样品的单颗粒投影轮廓分维。结果表明,5种颗粒样品的单颗粒投影轮廓分维均值从小到大依次为:柴油汽车排气管沉积颗粒、碳黑颗粒、粉煤灰颗粒、石灰性褐土颗粒、河流沉积土壤颗粒。首次提出了"中位维"的概念以表征颗粒群粗糙度,计算了颗粒样品的中位维,其大小排序与投影轮廓分维均值一致,验证了将"中位维"作为表征颗粒群粗糙度的合理性。     

水泥粉体粒度分布分维与其流动性的关系研究

为研究水泥粉体粒度分布分维与流动性的相关性,本文中将粒度分布分维作为表征水泥粉体的粒度分布特征,用图像分析法测算了5种水泥颗粒样品的粒度分布分维,5种水泥样品粒度分布分维值处于2.1006～2.2931之间;并用卡尔指数法测量了水泥样品的流动系数,考察了水泥粉体粒度分布分维及其与粉体流动性的关系,研究表明:水泥粉体粒度分布分维与其流动性呈线性负相关性。     

基于分形理论的磨粒图像定量分析

探讨了分形理论在磨粒图像处理中的应用。首次将Sierpinski分形维数张磨粒图像的定量分析。对试验所获得的磨粒图像的Sierpinski分形维数分析发现：磨粒图像Sierpinski分形维数的大小与磨粒尺寸分布和磨粒重叠程度有关。磨粒图像的Sierpinski分形维数可以实现磨粒图像的特征提取。     

Effect of Ascorbic Acid Additions on the Mechanism Underlying the Growth of Nanostructured PbSe Films via Hydrochemical Deposition

The effect of ascorbic acid additions on the growth mechanism of thin PbSe films produced by hydrochemical deposition has been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). A fractal analysis of AFM images of the lead selenide films has shown that their formation follows the “cluster–particle” aggregation mechanism. The fractal dimension assessed by the box-counting method is 2.26 at an average grain size of ~150 nm. From the transmission spectra of the films grown at deposition times from 20 to 120 min, we have evaluated their optical band gap, which has been shown to decrease from 0.595 to 0.53 eV with increasing deposition time. These values are attributable to the manifestation of quantum size effects in the grown PbSe films.