内氧化制备Cu-Al2O3/(Ce+Y)复合材料薄板带的组织和性能

采用内氧化工艺制备了Al2O3弥散强化Cu-Al2O3/(Ce+Y)复合材料,分析了其显微组织,并对冷轧变形的复合材料的微观组织和性能进行了分析.结果表明:Cu-Al-(Ce+Y)合金薄板内氧化后固溶的Al脱溶与[O]形成Al2O3,TEM分析表明,大量细小均匀的γ-Al2O3相弥散分布在铜基体上,粒径约为5～20 nm,粒子间距为10～50 nm,并且沿晶面(440)和晶向[1(1)(2)]析出;Cu-Al2O3/(Ce+Y)复合材料经60%变形后,Al2O3呈链状分布,与Cu晶粒被拉长方向一致,形成明显的纤维组织;Cu-Al2O3/(Ce+Y)复合材料的显微硬度和抗拉强度随变形量的增大逐渐增加.当变形量为80%时,显微硬度值约为内氧化后原始试样显微硬度的1.4倍,抗拉强度比原始试样的抗拉强度增加了165 MPa,而导电率下降约4%IACS.     

内氧化法制备Al2O3/Cu复合材料的再结晶

利用内氧化法制备了Al2O3/Cu复合材料,研究了该材料在不同冷拔变形量和Al2O3含量下,其硬度值随退火温度变化的规律,并进行了显微组织结构分析。结果表明:采用内氧化法制备的Al2O3/Cu复合材料,在铜基体中弥散分布着纳米级的Al2O3颗粒;经900℃×1h退火后,其硬度可保持室温的87%以上;其再结晶温度高达1000℃;变形量和Al2O3含量增加均使硬度提高,但对软化和再结晶温度影响不大。     

制备工艺对Al_2O_3/Cu复合材料载流摩擦磨损性能的影响

以Al2O3颗粒为增强相,分别采用内氧化法和粉末冶金法制备了Al2O3/Cu复合材料,并在HST100型载流高速试验机上进行了载流摩擦磨损性能测试,研究了制备工艺对Al2O3/Cu复合材料载流摩擦性能的影响。结果表明,内氧化法制备的A12O3/Cu复合材料的导电率和硬度均高于粉末冶金法制备的A12O3/Cu复合材料,且内氧化法比粉末冶金法制备的Al2O3/Cu复合材料具有更低的磨损率和摩擦系数。微观组织观察表明,内氧化法制备的Al2O3/Cu复合材料内部Al2O3颗粒分布均匀,且Al2O3颗粒与铜基体的界面结合整齐致密无污染,这是内氧化法比粉末冶金法制备的Al2O3/Cu复合材料具有更优抗载流摩擦磨损性能的主要原因。     

内氧化制备Al2O3/Cu复合材料组织性能研究

采用内氧化工艺,用Cu2O粉作氧化剂,在900℃下使Cu-Al合金薄平板内氧化,获得Al2O3/Cu复合材料,研究Al2O3/Cu复合材料的组织特征及性能。结果表明,复合层中Al2O3颗粒呈弥散状分布;复合层表层和内部的晶粒大小明显不同,表层处晶粒比内部的细小,固溶在Cu基体内部的Al内氧化时以Al2O3形态从基体析出,弥散分布的Al2O3颗粒强化了铜基体,表面显微硬度提高。与固溶在Cu基体中的Al原子相比,Al2O3对电子的散射要小得多,因而内氧化析出Al2O3后电导率升高。Al2O3/Cu复合材料薄板随着冷加工变形量的增加,氧化颗粒与位错的缠结越严重。     

冷变形对简化工艺制备Cu-Al2O3复合材料组织和性能的影响

研究了一种新型简化的内氧化工艺,制备了不同氧源系数的Cu-Al2O3复合材料,对所制备复合材料的烧结态和经60%、70%、80%变形后的微观组织、硬度、导电率进行了分析.结果表明:该简化工艺成功制备了Cu-Al2O3复合材料,在铜基体上弥散分布着细小粒状Al2O3颗粒,其粒径约为5～20 nm,颗粒间距约为25～60 nm;复合材料变形后,其硬度明显提高,最大值达到144 HV,而导电率则随变形量的增大先升高后降低,但降幅很小;当氧源系数k为1.20 h,压制粉末烧结(950 ℃,4 h)后全部完成内氧化,且变形后综合性能最优,此时氧化剂含量为最佳的添加量.     

弥散强化Al_2O_3/Cu复合材料的外氧化制备工艺研究

采用外氧化法生成氧化剂Cu2O,在真空条件下进行内氧化烧结,制备Al2O3颗粒弥散强化的铜基复合材料,对其工艺和微观组织进行研究。研究表明:更高的热挤压加热温度和延长保温时间,有助于残余的氧化剂Cu2O转变成Cu;经热挤压变形后,0.48ω%Al2O3/Cu复合材料的导电率随变形量的增加可分为升高区和降低区两个区,而洛氏硬度随变形量的增加而增加,当变形量达到40%后,硬度增加趋于平缓。     

冷变形对表面弥散强化铜合金组织与性能的影响

以Cu2O为氧源,对Cu-Al合金平板试样进行了内氧化处理,使试样表面获得Al2O3弥散强化铜合金层,并进行了不同变形量的冷轧变形;测定了内氧化前后和冷变形前后试样硬度和导电率,并进行了微观组织观察。结果表明：内氧化处理后,合金表面硬度与合金导电率大幅度提高;随着变形量的增加,合金表面硬度值急剧升高,而电导率随着变形量的增加则略有下降。微观组织研究表明：内氧化后合金表面存在大量的纳米级Al2O3颗粒,使合金表面具有高的硬度;随着变形量的增加,位错密度升高,位错与第二相粒子的作用加剧,从而使合金表面的硬度进一步提高;同时由于Al2O3颗粒周围位错缠结的增多,增强了电子的散射作用,导致合金电导率随变形量增加呈下降趋势。     

真空热压烧结Al2O3/Cu-Cr复合材料的组织与性能

采用简化内氧化真空热压烧结工艺制备了不同Cu2O加入量(4%、5%、6%)的Al2O3/Cu-Cr复合材料.分析研究了其微观组织与性能,并研究了冷变形对材料性能的影响.结果表明,在铜基体上弥散分布着细小粒状Al2O3颗粒,其粒径为5~20 nm,颗粒间距为20～150 nm;Al2O3/Cu-Cr复合材料经80%变形后,其硬度和抗拉强度明显提高,而电导率则随变形量的增大先升高后降低;随着Cu2O加入量的增加,材料的抗软化性能逐渐提高;当Cu2O加入量为5%时,真空热压烧结(950 ℃,2 h,22 MPa)后全部完成内氧化,且变形后综合性能最优,此时Cu2O含量为最佳的添加量.     

内氧化法制备Al2O3／Cu复合材料的再结晶行为

以Cu2O为氧化剂，采用Cu-Al合金粉末内氧化及后续的粉末冶金法制备了Al2O3／Cu复合材料。并将不同Al2O3含量的试样进行不同变形量的冷拔处理，在氮气保护下进行高温退火处理(700℃～1050℃，1h)。研究了硬度随退火温度的变化规律，观察了显微组织。结果表明：在铜基体中弥散分布着纳米级的Al2O3颗粒：经900℃，1h退火后Al2O3／Cu复合材料的硬度可保持室温的87％以上；其再结晶温度高达1000℃；变形量和Al2O3含量增加均使硬度提高，但对软化和再结晶温度影响不大。     

稀土La对Al2O3/Cu复合材料组织与性能的影响

利用机械合金化法结合放电等离子烧结制备Al2O3/Cu铜基复合材料,采用XRD、SEM、硬度、抗拉强度和电导率等测试研究La含量对Al2O3/Cu复合粉末和烧结材料组织及性能的影响。结果表明:添加0.05%的稀土La有利于机械合金化过程中Cu晶粒的细化和Al2O3颗粒的弥散分布,从而提高烧结材料的显微硬度和抗拉强度。烧结材料的导电率随着La含量的增加先升后降,当La的质量分数为0.10%时,Al2O3/Cu复合材料的导电率提高11.3%IACS。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.