瓷介电容器老化对检测的影响

论述了瓷介电容器老化对检测的影响。对典型的X7R型瓷介电容器老化的分析,选择去老化的方法可以减少其对检测结果的影响。     

Spacecraft energy storage systems

Flywheel Energy Storage Systems represent an exciting alternative to traditional battery storage systems used to power satellites during periods of eclipse. The increasing demand for reliable communication and data access is driving explosive growth in the number of satellite systems being developed as well as their performance requirements. Power-on orbit is the key to this performance, and batteries are becoming increasingly unattractive as an energy storage media. Flywheel systems offer very attractive characteristics for both energy storage, in terms of energy density and the number of charge/discharge cycles, and the important side benefit of spacecraft attitude control     

Perspective on ultracapacitors for electric vehicles

Recent advances in performance of chemical double layer capacitors (DLC) with aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes have made it possible to seriously consider them for commercialization. Non-aqueous (organic) carbon based laboratory monopolar devices have recently met key U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) mid-term specifications (> 5 WNkg, >500 W/kg and >100,000 life cycles) for load-leveling electric vehicles batteries. All DLC technologies currently under development by DoE are discussed. Each technology has distinct advantages and none are clear winners at this time. A study has been completed by the General Electric Company on the interface electronics needed to best utilize the energy of capacitors for load-leveling batteries. System costs are presented based on this study, several battery technologies, and capacitor projections     

Energy storage at 77 K in multilayer ceramic capacitors

A ceramic material having a large dielectric constant at 77 K, ε=8000-12000, has been developed for capacitive energy storage at this temperature. A large matrix of multilayer ceramic capacitors were fabricated using conventional tape-casting methods to optimize the dielectric breakdown strength at 77 K, and measured energy storage values on these capacitors range up to 6 J/cm³ at 77 K. An unfused bank of these capacitors was voltage-cycled 10⁵ times at 77 K without failure, and the heating effects during cycling were immeasurably small (i.e., nitrogen boiloff was monitored). An electrocaloric effect on discharge (ΔT~1 K) contributes to the thermal stability. Measurements of the frequency dependence of the dielectric properties of the ceramic at 77 K indicate a fundamental limit of about 8 μs for the switching repetition rate. Improved capacitor-manufacturing methods are discussed which can increase the energy density to the 20-30 J/cm³ range     

小型航空活塞发动机点火系统优化设计

针对微型无人机用小功率航空活塞发动机电容放电点火系统快速高效充电进行了优化设计与试验研究.分析了传统充电升压变换采用恒频脉宽调制PWM(pulse width modulation)方式的缺点,提出了一种开关频率可变、输出电压检测无需电阻分压实现的充电方式,推导给出了关断时间和充电时间的计算公式,设计实现了该充电电路并进行了试验.结果表明:该充电方式充电时间短,效率高;充电时间估算方法准确可靠,误差小,计算量少.      

Hybrid power sources for Land Warrior scenario

Hybrid systems utilizing a zinc-air battery or a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) as the high energy density component coupled with a rechargeable battery (lead-acid or nickel-metal hydride) or electrochemical capacitor (EC) bank as the high power density component were tested under a high-pulse application load, Land Warrior (LW). The hybrid power sources successfully operated the LW cyclic load beyond the capabilities of the specific single chemistry systems studied. The zinc-air battery hybrids allowed approximately triple the operation time of PEMFC hybrids. The best performing hybrid system was the zinc-air battery/lead-acid battery. It provided the greatest operating voltage and longest operating time     

Initial observations of low energy charged particles near the Earth's bow shock on ISEE-1

We report initial measurements from the ULECA sensor of the Max-Planck-Institut/University of Maryland experiment on ISEE-1. ULECA is an electrostatic deflection — total energy sensor consisting of a collimator, deflection analyzer and an array of solid state detectors. The position of a given detector, which determines the energy per charge of an incident particle, together with the measured energy determine the particle's charge state. We find that a rich variety of phenomena are operative in the transthermal energy regime (10 keV/Q to 100 keV/Q) covered by ULECA. Specifically, we present observations of locally accelerated protons, alpha particles, and heavier ions in the magnetosheath and upstream of the Earth's bow shock. Preliminary analysis indicates that the behavior of these locally accelerated particles is most similar at the same energy per charge.     

Magnetic energy storage devices for small scale applications

The author considers basic principles of magnetic energy storage, structure requirements and limitations, configurations of inductors, attributes of high-T_c superconducting materials including thermal instabilities, a relative comparison with the state-of-the-art high energy density power sources, and refrigeration requirements. A review of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) technology reveals that the advent of high-temperature ceramic superconducting materials and advances in high strength materials and refrigeration technology are likely to facilitate fabrication of smaller SMES units. The design parameters of a micro superconducting magnetic energy unit for Air Force application are presented and discussed     

High energy density capacitors for space power conditioning

Several advanced capacitor designs that might be used in high average power space applications are described. Each type is fundamentally limited by breakdown phenomena. All are intrinsically limited to maximum fields on the order of 1000 MV/m. None of these units has been space rated for energy storage applications. Several problems that must be solved before use in space are presented as well as the current state of the art and estimates of developmental potential     

声电换能超材料设计与性能

设计了一种将Helmholtz共振效应与压电效应结合的声电换能超材料结构及电路系统,通过传递矩阵法对超材料的能带结构进行了分析.以压电片作为Helmholtz共振器基底通过阵列形成超材料结构.当入射噪声频率与共振频率一致时,声电转换效率最高.利用COMSOL分别对超材料单元及系统进行仿真,验证了超材料单元对于噪声的抑制...     

电磁干扰容性解决方式的研究

简要介绍了用容性的方式解决工程实际中遇到的电磁兼容性问题。介绍了容性滤波的原理,并以工程实际事例说明容性滤波的应用,着重说明了差模滤波的原理及差模滤波电容器的应用及共模干扰的概念及共模滤波电容器的应用。     

双绕组异步发电机励磁无功影响因素的分析

定子双绕组异步发电机控制绕组励磁无功容量与电机参数、负载、转速及变比、功率输出端励磁电容等有很大关系。文章分析了额定负载和空载下控制绕组电流及无功功率随转速的变化规律,着重探求了电机漏感、励磁电感、励磁电容值的变化对控制绕组励磁电流及励磁无功功率的影响情况,所得结果有助于双绕组异步发电机的优化设计。     

Comparative analysis of energy storage media and techniques

Techniques for storing and converting energy from one form to another are examined. The parameters of interest are storage density (in terms of both energy and power), conversion efficiency, and number of steps in the conversion process. The techniques compared are electrostatic, magnetic, inertial, chemical, thermal, and nuclear. Each technique for storage is discussed in terms of the ease with which the energy can be converted to electricity for powering lightweight compact power systems for a variety of uses. The storage density associated with the various mechanisms spans an enormous range (~0.5 MJ/kg to ~10⁵ MJ/kg). The impact upon time-to-refuel within the context of mobile tactical army applications is discussed     

双层金属平板模拟机匣抗冲击性研究

采用LS-Dyna软件分析了双层平板模拟机匣的抗冲击性能,讨论了层间距和厚度分配对双层平板模拟机匣抗冲击性能的影响。研究结果表明：在叶片正撞击时,双层模拟机匣的损伤为局部剪切和整体塑性变形的混合型。层间距只影响外层板吸收的能量,随着层间距的变化,双层平板吸收能量没有一定规律。厚度分配比小于1时,双层板的抗冲击性能随着厚度分配比的减小而增强;厚度分配比大于1时,双层板的抗冲击性能随着厚度分配比的增大而增强。     

Modeling double-layer capacitor behavior using ladder circuits

The double-layer capacitor (DLC) is a very complex device that is best represented by a distributed parameter system. Many different lumped-parameter equivalent circuits have been proposed for the DLC. An examination into utilizing a ladder circuit to model a DLC is presented. Parameters for different ladder circuits are determined from AC impedance data. Variations in circuit parameters with DC bias and manufacturing have been investigated. The performance of the ladder circuit has been evaluated in slow discharge and pulse load applications.     

无人机增程式电推进系统双模糊能量管理策略仿真

为提高应用于无人机的增程式电推进系统能量利用效率,采用基于双层模糊控制的能量管理策略并使用遗传算法对控制参数进行优化,依据飞行动力学理论在仿真飞行工况中设置不同扰动,检验能量管理策略的抗飞行扰动效果。仿真结果表明:相比于基于多点逻辑门规则和比例积分微分PID（proportion integral differential）的能量管理策略,双模糊能量管理策略可使发动机运行平均燃油消耗率下降3.4%,整体燃油消耗量下降3.8%,电池使用量降低10.6%,发动机平均转速误差下降77.0%,面对突风扰动、复合扰动和连续紊流扰动时转速最大波动量分别降低71.4%、72.6%和46.7%。经过遗传算法优化后的双模糊能量管理策略相比优化前的控制参数,发动机平均转速误差下降6.6%,面对上述3种扰动时转速最大波动量分别降低12.8%、8.3%和39.4%。      

双Buck半桥逆变器输入电容电压脉动的分析

双Buck逆变器(DBI)是航空静止变流器(ASIs)的常用拓扑,从双Buck半桥逆变器(DBHBIs)两直流电感中分离出交流电感使得体积、重量进一步减小。在正常工作,尤其是负载短路情况下,双Buck半桥逆变器输入侧电容上的电压产生与输出同频的脉动。以交流电感分立的双Buck半桥逆变器为例,分析了在额定负载、短路、级联工作等情况下输入电容电压脉动的产生原因,给出了该脉动的定量计算方法,并由此得出了输入侧电容容值的选择依据。最后通过仿真和实验,验证了文中分析的正确性。该分析方法同样适用于其他半桥型逆变器拓扑。     

Ionic Charge States of Solar Energetic Particles: A Clue to the Source

The ionic charge of solar energetic particles (SEP) as observed in interplanetary space is an important parameter for the diagnostic of the plasma conditions at the source region and provides fundamental information about the acceleration and propagation processes at the Sun and in interplanetary space. In this paper we review the new measurements of ionic charge states with advanced instrumentation onboard the SAMPEX, SOHO, and ACE spacecraft that provide for the first time ionic charge measurements over the wide energy range of ∼0.01 to 70 MeV/nuc (for Fe), and for many individual SEP events. These new measurements show a strong energy dependence of the mean ionic charge of heavy ions, most pronounced for iron, indicating that the previous interpretation of the mean ionic charge being solely related to the ambient plasma temperature was too simplistic. This energy dependence, in combination with models on acceleration, charge stripping, and solar and interplanetary propagation, provides constraints for the temperature, density, and acceleration time scales in the acceleration region. The comparison of the measurements with model calculations shows that for impulsive events with a large increase of Q _Fe(E) at energies ≤1 MeV/nuc the acceleration occurs low in the corona, typically at altitudes ≤0.2 R _S .     

电脉冲除冰系统的加速度试验研究

介绍了电脉冲除冰系统的加速度试验,并以峰值加速度为脉冲效果的评判标准,研究了该系统的脉冲性能参数如储能电容器的初始放电电压、电容器的电容量、脉冲线圈与试验蒙皮之间的间距、脉冲线圈的外径以及绕制线圈导线的厚度对脉冲效果的影响。结果表明,放电电压越大,电容量越大,脉冲线圈一试验蒙皮的间距越小,导线厚度越大均会使得峰值加速度...     

多电飞机混合储能系统的设计与仿真

多电飞机直流配电系统是电功率传输的核心,由于涡轮电机的单向性,系统并不完全可逆。为了维持直流汇流条的稳定、提高能源效率,需建立相应的存储和消耗系统。研究了一种带有超级电容器的多电飞机储能系统,分析了该系统中超级电容器的作用及其控制策略,根据超级电容器本身的特性利用Matlab/Simulink软件建立相应仿真模型,并针对于飞机电网突加和突卸负载时电压不同状态设计了相应控制策略,通过仿真实验验证了带有超级电容器的混合储能系统的有效性。