表面活性剂对氧化铈防紫外膜性能的影响研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化铈防紫外膜,研究表面活性剂PEG对氧化铈薄膜可见光及紫外线透过率的影响,采用SEM、XRD和粒度测试仪等手段分析了表面活性剂PEG的加入量对二氧化铈防紫外膜的形貌和粒度的影响。实验结果表明,添加适量的PEG,稀土膜的紫外线透过率降低;过量的PEG,稀土膜的紫外线透过率反而升高,PEG的最佳添加量为0.3 g,且表面活性剂PEG比SLS的效果好。     

氧化铈和氧化镁对高炉喷吹用煤燃烧率的影响

为了提高高炉喷吹煤粉的燃烧率,分析了氧化铈和氧化镁对高炉喷吹用煤粉燃烧率的影响规律。结果表明,添加助燃剂氧化铈、氧化镁后煤粉的燃烧率明显提高。由于氧化铈属于稀土氧化物,其使用成本会随氧化铈添加量的增加而呈比例提高,应慎重使用;氧化镁的最佳添加量应控制在1.2%左右。     

CuSn15和Fe对无压烧结金刚石工具胎体性能的影响

本文将Fe粉,Cu Sn15液相添加到自行制备的超细合金粉A中通过无压烧结制备金刚石工具的胎体试样块,研究了不同含量的Fe粉,Cu Sn15液相对胎体的相对密度、硬度及抗弯强度的影响。结果表明:在烧结温度为875℃、保温时间为60 min的无压烧结工艺下,添加不同含量的Cu Sn15液相及Fe粉对胎体的烧结力学性能有着重要的影响。含Cu液相的最佳添加量为7%(本文所有含量为质量分数,下同),Fe粉的最佳添加量为10%,此时,胎体的相对密度为98.46%,硬度(HRB)为101.5,抗弯强度为1 103.82 MPa。     

YAlO3/Fe掺杂ZnO复合物的制备、表征及对酸性红B的降解

采用溶胶-凝胶、超声分散和溶液沸腾法制备YAlO3/Fe掺杂ZnO复合物,在可见光的照射下,考察了酸性红B降解效果,并利用X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对光催化剂进行了表征,同时研究了YAlO3的包覆量、YAlO3/Fe掺杂ZnO的量、可见光照射时间、处理温度和处理时间等因素对酸性红B降解率的影响,其降解过程也用HPLC进一步进行验证。结果表明,YAlO3/Fe掺杂ZnO在40 min酸性红B的降解率达到97.7%,表现出更好的光催化活性。     

ZnO∶Tb透明导电薄膜的制备及其特性研究

用RF磁控反应共溅射法在Si( 111)衬底上制备出了铽 (Tb)掺杂的ZnO透明导电薄膜。研究了溅射中Tb掺杂量对ZnO薄膜的结构、电学和光学特性的影响。结果表明 ,在最佳沉积条件下我们制备出了具有良好c轴取向 ,电阻率降低到 9.3 4× 10 - 4Ω·cm ,且可见光段 ( 4 0 0～80 0nm)平均透过率大于 80 %的ZnO∶Tb新型透明导电材料。     

纳米VO2改性有机玻璃的隔热性能研究

通过将纳米二氧化钒粉体制备成纳米二氧化钒浆料添加到甲基丙烯酸甲酯的预聚体中,在低温和高温聚合的条件下得到具有红外智能隔热的有机玻璃。通过扫描电镜、光学性能以及隔热性能的测试对智能隔热有机玻璃进行表征,研究了纳米二氧化钒粉体形貌及纳米二氧化钒浆料的不同添加量对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的光学性能和红外隔热性能的影响。结果表明:用形貌为球形、粒径为50 nm的二氧化钒粉体制备得到的纳米二氧化钒浆料,且纳米二氧化钒浆料添加量为10%时,获得的纳米二氧化钒智能隔热有机玻璃性能相对最好,其可见光透过率为40%,红外阻隔率为85%,紫外阻隔率为99%。     

银掺杂二氧化钛及其光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备银掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂,通过XRD、SEM、FT-IR、TG-DSC 和UV-Vis等技术对其进行表征.以甲基橙为模拟污染物,考察催化剂的光催化活性,探讨煅烧温度和银掺杂量对光催化效率的影响.实验结果表明：银掺杂二氧化钛提高了二氧化钛在紫外光和可见光下的光催化活性;当Ag掺杂量为1.00%、煅烧温度为450℃、催化剂用量为0.05 g时,银掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂在可见光条件下降解4 h 后,降解率达到92.57%,是纯二氧化钛的4.51倍;紫外光条件下降解2 h达到84.54%,是纯二氧化钛的2.27倍.     

Fe2O3微粉添加对MgO CaO系耐火材料烧结性能及 抗水化性能的影响

通过添加Fe2O3微粉的方法,研究了Fe2O3微粉对MgO CaO系耐火材料烧结性能和抗水化性能的影响。试验结果表明,添加Fe2O3微粉可以有效地促进MgO CaO系耐火材料的烧结,抑制其水化速度。当Fe2O3的添加量在0～3%时,随着Fe2O3添加量的增加,耐火材料试样的体积密度先增加后减小,显气孔率则先减小后增加,且两者均在Fe2O3为1%处出现极值。当Fe2O3的添加量在02%～05%的范围时,耐火材料试样的显气孔率和体积密度变化最明显。当Fe2O3添加量为1%时,将试样在温度为60 ℃、相对湿度为75%的条件下水化144 h后,其粉化率仅为146%。
     

大分子稀土配合物制备及其在EVA胶膜应用研究

制备了一种大分子稀土配合物聚6-(丙烯酰氧基)萘-2-羧酸-铕(p-NJS-Eu),并与小分子稀土配合物NJS-Eu性能对比,TG分析可知大分子有机配体比小分子有机配体配位效率高,荧光光谱分析知p-NJSEu的荧光强度约为Eu Cl3的5倍。将稀土配合物掺杂入EVA胶膜作为太阳能电池封装材料,结果表明,大分子稀土配合物掺杂比小分子稀土配合物掺杂对EVA胶膜在可见光透过率的影响小,且大分子稀土配合物在胶膜中分散性较好,并与基质有良好的相容性,当p-NJS-Eu添加0.2%,EVA胶膜的光电转换效率增加了0.88%。     

微量元素对SnAgCu无铅焊料润湿性的影响

以Sn0.1Ag0.7Cu为基体合金,在此基础上分别添加微量元素Ni, Ge, Ce。采用焊料合金铺展性实验法和润湿平衡法测试焊料合金的铺展率、铺展面积、润湿角、最大润湿力、润湿时间以及表面张力。探讨添加不同含量的微量元素Ni, Ge, Ce对Sn0.1Ag0.7Cu焊料合金润湿性的影响。实验结果表明:添加Ni能较大提高Sn0.1Ag0.7Cu焊料合金的润湿性能, Ni含量为0.03%时焊料润湿性最佳,润湿时间为0.6488 s,最大润湿力为1.0129 mN,铺展率为76.2%;添加Ge对Sn0.1Ag0.7Cu润湿力影响最大,随着Ge含量的增加,润湿力呈持续下降趋势,但是适量的Ge对焊料的铺展性的改善也是很明显的,当Ge含量为0.03%时,铺展率最大,此时焊料合金的铺展率为75.9%,铺展面积为72.8 mm~2,润湿角为24.2°,表面张力为0.39 mN·mm~(-1);当Ce元素含量为0.05%时,焊料合金润湿性最好,此时铺展率为76.2%,铺展面积为73.2 mm~2,润湿角为23.8°。     

Corrosion of Ga-doped Sn-0.7Cu Solder in Simulated Marine Atmosphere

The surface corrosion behaviors of Sn and Sn-0.7Cu solder in simulated marine atmosphere have been studied. The results showed that pitting and uniform corrosion are the two main initial damage types in the corrosion process. During uniform corrosion, the initial corrosion products, which gradually develop a laminated corrosion film with microcracks, are fragile and easily spall off the surface, thus giving little resistance to further corrosion. XRD of the long-term corrosion products showed that they are mainly amorphous SnO and crystalline Sn(OH)₂ and SnO·xH₂O. Doping the Sn-0.7Cu with gallium significantly improved the corrosion resistance of the alloy in the salt spray test. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that the trace amount of Ga significantly segregates to the surface of Sn-0.7Cu alloy and forms a composite oxide layer after solidification in air, thus improving the corrosion resistance. On the other hand, doping the Sn-0.7Cu alloy with phosphorus had little effect.     

Lattice Effects in La-Sm-Ca-Mn-O

The doping effects of Sm in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 oxide were studied. The results show that with increasing the doping amount of Sm the phase transition temperature of metal-insulator for the materials decreases monotonically, the cor-responding peak resistance increases rapidly, the Curie temperature decreases monotonically, and the magneto-resistance ratio increases quickly. The effects of Sm doping can be explained in terms of lattice effects.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定锰黄铜中7种元素

采用盐酸和硝酸混合酸溶样,选择Cu 324.754nm、Mn 257.610nm、Zn 213.856nm、Fe 259.940nm、Al 396.152nm、Pb 220.353nm、Sn 189.989nm作为分析线,考察基体和共存元素对待测元素的干扰,并计算干扰系数以校正光谱干扰对测量结果产生的影响,从而建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定锰黄铜中Cu、Mn、Zn、Al、Fe、Pb、Sn的方法。结果表明:溶液中Cu质量浓度在1 000μg/mL以内,对Mn、Zn、Al、Fe、Sn的测定无明显影响,但对Pb影响较大。来自Cu 221.810nm对Pb 220.353nm分析线产生的谱线重叠型光谱干扰,可以采用干扰系数校正法很好地进行校正。样品中高含量元素Zn、Mn、Fe之间以及对其他元素的测定基本无影响。各元素校准曲线线性相关系数均不小于0.999 7;各元素检出限为0.000 1%~0.004 2%(质量分数)。按照实验方法测定锰黄铜标准样品中Cu、Mn、Zn、Al、Fe、Pb、Sn,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为0.49%~5.1%,测定值与认定值一致。     

Transport Properties of Rare Earth Manganese Oxide La_(0.67)Ca_(0.33)Mn_(1-x)Fe_xO_3

CompoundsofthetypeLn1-xAxMnO3(Ln =rareearth ,A =Ca ,Ba ,Sr ,etc .)havebeenthepopularsubjectsofextensiveresearchrecently ,mainlyduetotheexistenceofcolossalmagnetoresistance(CMR ) [1～ 3] .Atroomtemperature ,theperovskitecompoundLnMnO3isantiferromagneticinsulatorwhereMnistrivalent .ThepartialsubstitutionoftrivalentLnionswithdivalentionssuchasCa ,Ba ,Sr ,andPbetc .yieldsanewcompoundexhibitingstrongferro magnetismandhighmetallicconductivity .Thetrans portpropertyinthesecompoundscanbepartly…     

Effects of Small Additions of Tin on High-Temperature Oxidation of Fe-Cu-Sn Alloys for Surface Hot Shortness

Steel produced in an electric arc furnace contains a high amount of copper (Cu) that causes a surface-cracking phenomenon called surface hot shortness. It is known that tin (Sn) can exacerbate the hot shortness problem. A series of iron (Fe)-0.3 wt pct Cu-x wt pct Sn alloys with an Sn content ranging from 0.03 to 0.15 wt pct was oxidized in air at 1423 K (1150 °C) for 60 seconds, 300 seconds, and 600 seconds using thermogravimetry. A numerical model developed in a previous article was applied to predict the liquid–γFe interface concentrations and interface morphology in the Fe-Cu-Sn ternary system. Scanning electron microscopy investigations show that (1) The interface between the oxide and the metal is planar as predicted by the numerical model, (2) Sn leads to severe Cu-rich liquid penetration and cracking along the grain boundaries, and (3) open cracks with Fe oxides were found beneath the oxide–metal interface. The focused ion beam serial-sectioning technique was used to reveal a three-dimensional structure of cracks in the grain boundary containing Cu-rich liquid and Fe oxides.     

La0.67-xDyxSr0.33MnO3(0.00≤x≤0.30)中的晶格效应

用固相反应法在La0．67-xDyxSr0．33MnO3中进行了Dy掺杂研究。结果发现，随着Dy掺入量的增加，样品的金属一绝缘体相变温度逐渐降低，对应的峰值电阻渐渐增大，居里温度下降，样品的磁电阻效应迅速增加，对Dy掺杂的作用可以用晶格效应来解释。     

微波等离子体原子发射光谱法测定直接法氧化锌中铜铅铁镉锰

利用微波等离子体原子发射光谱仪建立了微波等离子体原子发射光谱法(MP-AES)测定直接法氧化锌中铜、铅、铁、镉、锰元素含量的分析方法。在低温加热下用硝酸和盐酸的混合酸溶解试样,选择Cd 228.802 nm、Cu 324.754 nm、Fe 259.940 nm 、Mn 403.076 nm和Pb 405.781 nm的光谱线作为分析线,在选定的称样量情况下基体锌对测定无干扰。对ZnO-1样品测定的相对标准偏差在0.91%～4.9%之间,加标回收率在90%～116%之间。实验方法的测定结果与国家标准方法和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法的测定结果一致,适用于直接法氧化锌中多杂质元素同时测定。     

多元光谱拟合校正-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铱化合物中19种杂质元素

铱化合物产品中杂质元素的准确测定,是判定产品级别的重要指标,以往常采用摄谱法进行测定,但Ca、Si、Mg、Fe、Na测定结果准确性差,周期较长。根据铱化合物易溶于水及酸的性质,采用盐酸溶解样品,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了三氯化铱、四氯化铱、氯铱酸、氯铱酸铵等铱化合物中Pt、Pd、Ru、Rh、Ag、Au、Cu、Fe、Zn、Ni、Mn、Mg、Al、Ca、Sn、Na、Si、Pb、K等19种杂质元素。基体Ir对Pt、Sn产生的光谱干扰采用多元光谱拟合(MSF)方法校正,杂质元素间没有干扰。方法的检出限(μg/mL)为0.078(Pt)、0.0080(Pd)、0.014(Ru)、0.031(Rh)、0.0029(Ag)、0.016(Au)、0.0035(Cu)、0.012(Fe)、0.014(Zn)、0.0098(Ni)、0.0010(Mn)、0.0022(Mg)、0.0016(Al)、0.021(Ca)、0.057(Sn)、0.020(Na)、0.11(Si)、0.014(Pb)和0.0083(K)。按照实验方法测定三氯化铱中Pt、Pd、Ru、Rh、Ag、Au、Cu、Fe、Zn、Ni、Mn、Mg、Al、Ca、Sn、Na、Si、Pb、K等19种元素,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=9)为1.2%~7.4%;加标回收率在89%~114%之间。     

Effects of Residual Elements Arsenic,Antimony, and Tin on Surface Hot Shortness

Scrap-based electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking is limited by a surface cracking problem in the recycled steel products, which is known as surface hot shortness. This problem originates from the excessive amount of copper (Cu) in the steel scrap, which enriches during the oxidation of iron (Fe) and consequently melts and penetrates into the austenite grain boundaries. In this article, the effects of arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and tin (Sn) on surface hot shortness were investigated. A series of Fe-0.3 wt pct Cu-x wt pct (As, Sb, or Sn) alloys with x content ranging from 0.06 to 0.10 wt pct was oxidized in air at 1423 K (1150 °C) for 60, 300, and 600 seconds inside the chamber of a thermogravimety analyzer (TGA) where heat is supplied through infrared radiation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations show that (1) the presence of Sb and Sn results in severe grain boundary cracking, whereas the presence of As does not, (2) open cracks with Fe oxides were found beneath the oxide/metal interface in the Sb and Sn alloys, and (3) the oxide/metal interfaces for all As, Sb, and Sn alloys are planar. Penetration experiments of pure Cu and Cu-30 wt pct Sn liquid were also conducted in the chamber of a hot-stage confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in nonoxidizing atmosphere: (1) on the Fe-35 wt pct manganese (Mn) alloys to study the correlation between cracking and grain boundary characters, and (2) on the pure Fe substrates to exclude the bulk segregation effects of Sn on grain boundary cracking. It was found that grain boundary cracking rarely took place on low-energy grain boundaries. The results also suggest that the bulk segregation of Sn in the substrate is not necessary to promote significant grain boundary cracking, and as long as the liquid phase contains Sn, it will be highly embrittling.     

氯铂酸铵酸洗除杂精炼铂

提出通过酸洗氯铂酸铵除杂精炼铂的方法。研究了酸种类、酸浓度、固液比、温度对酸洗除杂效率的影响,优选条件下90%以上的Na、Al、Fe、Si被去除,铂溶解率低于0.3%,酸洗氯铂酸铵制备的海绵铂除Sn外其余杂质含量达到SM-Pt 99.95标准。对酸洗过程Sn的行为研究结果表明,酸洗或煅烧氯铂酸铵都可以去除以(NH₄)₂SnCl₆形式存在的Sn,实现相同的除Sn效果,但不能去除以SnO₂形式存在的Sn。