饲粮营养水平对妊娠及泌乳獭兔繁殖性能、血清生化指标及生殖激素的影响

本文旨在探讨饲粮营养［消化能（ＤＥ）＋粗蛋白质（ＣＰ）］水平对妊娠及泌乳獭兔繁殖性能、血清生化指标及生殖激素的影响。选用平均体重为（４．７３±０．４２）ｋｇ的经产母獭兔 １００只,随机分成 ５组（每组 ２０个重复,每个重复 １只）,分别饲喂 １０．５ＭＪ／ｋｇＤＥ＋１８％ ＣＰ、１０．５ＭＪ／ｋｇＤＥ＋１６％ ＣＰ、１０．０ＭＪ／ｋｇＤＥ＋１７％ ＣＰ、９．５ＭＪ／ｋｇＤＥ＋１８％ ＣＰ、９．５ＭＪ／ｋｇＤＥ＋１６％ ＣＰ的试验饲粮。试验从母兔配种开始至仔兔 ４５日龄结束。结果表明：饲粮营养水平除显著影响断奶窝重（Ｐ＝０．０３６５）外,对妊娠及泌乳獭兔其他繁殖性能指标无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）;饲粮营养水平显著影响妊娠獭兔血清谷草转氨酶活性（Ｐ＝０．０４３９）以及胆固醇（Ｐ＝０．０４７８）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（Ｐ＝０．０２５６）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量（Ｐ＝０．０２４８）;妊娠獭兔血清生殖激素未受饲粮营养水平的影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）;饲粮营养水平显著影响泌乳獭兔血清总蛋白（Ｐ＝０．０３６９）、尿素氮（Ｐ＝０．０４７３）、胆固醇含量（Ｐ＝０．０２３２）;除血清促黄体生成素外,泌乳獭兔血清其他生殖激素均未受饲粮营养水平的影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）。由此得出,饲粮ＣＰ水平在 １６％ ～１８％、ＤＥ水平在 ９．５～１０．５ＭＪ／ｋｇ范围内变动时,饲粮营养水平对妊娠及泌乳獭兔繁殖性能、血清生殖激素基本无影响,但会影响部分血清生化指标。     

石岐黄肉鸡不同日粮下能量利用率和氮存留率研究

两次试验各选用３２０只１日龄石峡黄母雏,研究２～５周龄优质黄羽肉鸡在不同日粮能量（ＭＥ）、蛋白（ＣＰ）水平下能量利用率和氮存留率的变化规律。试验采用４×５双因素析因设计,４个ＭＥ（ＭＪ／ｋｇ）水平：１１．３,１１．９,１２．６和１３．２;５个ＣＰ（％）水平：１６．０,１７．５,１９．０,２０．５和２２．０;共２０个组,每组１６只鸡。研究结果表明,能量利用率与周龄呈显著正相关,５周龄平均比２周龄提高２．８％;氮存留率与周龄是显著负相关,５周龄氮存留率比２周龄下降１０．４％。日粮中能量水平与鸡体能量利用率呈强正相关,与氮存留率呈正相关;日粮中蛋白水平与鸡体氮存、呈显著负相关。建议４周龄以后,适当提高日粮能量水平,降低日粮蛋白质水平,以有效提高饲料主营养成分的利用效率。     

不同能量,蛋白和赖氨酸水平对TD肉鸭生长的影响研究

本试验通过对ＴＤ商品肉鸭前（０￣２周）、后（３￣６周）二期饲粮不同能量、蛋白和赖氨酸水平对肉鸭肉用性能的影响研究。结果表明ＴＤ商品肉鸭适宜能量、蛋白和赖氨酸的水平，前期以ＭＥ２８００ｋｃ／ｋｇ、ＣＰ２０．０％、赖氨酸１．０３％；后期以ＭＥ３０００ｋｃ／ｋｇ、ＣＰ１６％￣１８％、赖氨酸０．８％最为理想。     

氯化胆碱添加量对母鸡生长速度、雌激素水平及开产周龄的影响

１１５只３周龄母鸡被分为４组，分别为３９只、３３只、３１只和１２只。四种日粮分别含氯化胆碱（ＣＣＣ）　：０　ｍｇ／ｋｇ（对照）　；５　ｍｇ／ｋｇ从第１４周龄开始（５　ｍｇ／ｋｇ　Ａ）　；５　ｍｇ／ｋｇ从３周龄开始（５　ｍｇ／ｋｇ　Ｂ）　；５０　ｍｇ／ｋｇ从第３周龄开始（５０　ｍｇ／ｋｇ　Ｂ）。基础日粮根据生长期配合，并进行等氮等能处理。第３～８周日粮干物质ＣＰ和ＭＥ分别为１７．９９　％和１２．７　ＭＪ／ｋｇ；第９～２０周ＣＰ和ＭＥ分别为１４．６３　％和１２．７５　ＭＪ／ｋｇ。对鸡采食量、体重变化…     

珍珠长毛兔生长后期营养需要量的研究

６０只５月龄珍珠长毛兔随机配对分好两组进行对比饲养试验和消化代谢试验，结果表明，高水平组（ＰＥ１１．９０ＭＪ／ｋｇ，ＣＰ１８．７２％）与中水平组（ＰＥ１０．５２ＭＪ／ｋｇ，ＣＰ１６．１１％）相比，体增重、剪毛量分别提高２３．７３％和１０．４６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）料毛比降低９．９５％（Ｐ＜０．０１），养分消化率和氮利用率也呈提高趋势（Ｐ＞０．０５）。因此，为获得优异生产成绩，建议饲粮中ＰＥ应达１１．９０ＭＪ／ｋｇ以上，ＣＰ应达１８％以上     

生长肥育猪蛋氨酸需要量研究

以玉米、麦麸、花生粕、羽毛粉基础，研究在亚热带条件下服育猪蛋氨酸Ｍｃｔ需要量，生长猪基础饲粮（ＤＥ１２．９７ＭＪ／Ｋｇ，ＣＰ１４．４％，Ｃｙｓ０．３１）含Ｍｃｔ０．２０％，肥育猪基础饲粮（ＤＥ１３．１１ＭＪ／ｋｇ，ＣＰ１２．５％Ｃｙｓ０．２１％）含ｃｔ０．１８％。两种饲粮均以０．０４％的梯度添加ＤＬ－Ｍｅｔ共得５个Ｍｃｔ水平，参试猪为三元杂变猪生长期每个Ｍｃｔ３个重复（栏），每个重复４头猪；肥育期     

饲粮粗蛋白质水平对中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性能、氮利用及血液激素的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮粗蛋白质（ＣＰ）水平对中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性能、氮利用及血液激素的影响。采用重复 ４×４拉丁方设计,８头经产中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为 ４个处理。４个处理的饲粮 ＣＰ水平分别为 １２．５６％、１３．９６％、１５．５３％和 １６．９３％。试验分为 ４个周期,每个周期１８ｄ。在 ４ｄ收集期内,全量收集粪、尿,每天测量产奶量、乳成分和干物质摄入量（ＤＭＩ）,并在收集期最后 １ｄ采集血样。结果表明：４个饲粮处理的 ＤＭＩ基本相同（Ｐ＞０．０５）;饲粮 ＣＰ水平１２．５６％的产奶量和能量校正奶（ＥＣＭ）明显低于饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １３．９６％至 １６．９３％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １３．９６％至 １６．９３％的产奶量和 ＥＣＭ 基本相同,其中饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １３．９６％和１６．９３％的产奶量分别为２８．１８和２８．７２ｋｇ／ｄ,ＥＣＭ分别为３２．６４和３２．０４ｋｇ／ｄ;乳成分中仅乳蛋白率随着饲粮 ＣＰ水平增加而提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）;饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １２．５６％和 １３．９６％的乳氮效率明显高于饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １５．５３％和 １６．９３％（Ｐ＜０．０５或 Ｐ＜０．０１）;随着饲粮 ＣＰ水平的提高,尿氮排出量不断增加,乳氮排出量也缓慢上涨,体内氮沉积显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５或 Ｐ＜０．０１）,只有饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １６．９３％的粪氮排出量明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）;饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １２．５６％的血液瘦素浓度最高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,催乳素（ＰＲＬ）、生长激素（ＧＨ）、胰岛素样生长因子 １（ＩＧＦ １）、血糖、非酯化脂肪酸（ＮＥＦＡ）和 β－羟丁酸（ＢＨＢＡ）浓度较高;而饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １６．９３％的血浆尿素氮（ＰＵＮ）浓度最高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,胰岛素和 ＧＨ浓度较高,ＩＧＦ １浓度较低。由此可见,饲粮 ＣＰ水平１３．９６％适合中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶量２８ｋｇ／ｄ或 ＥＣＭ３２ｋｇ／ｄ的泌乳性能、氮利用和内分泌调节。     

采食水平对东北民猪代谢热量的影响

以哈白猪为对照，研究２０℃条件下，低（Ｌ，７５０ｇ／ｄ），中（Ｍ１０５０ｇ／ｄ）高（Ｈ，１３００ｇ／ｄ）三种采食水平（饲料ＭＥ含量为１２．３７ＫＪ／ｋｇＣＰ：１６％）对体重２０～２５ｋｇ的民猪产热量的影响，研究结果表明，随采食水平提高，产热量有逐渐增加的趋势，但产不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５），三种采食水平下，民猪和哈白猪的产热量分别为３３．５，３４．５，３５．９和３１．９，３３．８，３４．９ＫＪ／ｋｇ＾     

肉鸭生长期饲粮养分适宜浓度范围的研究

选用６４０只（公母各半）１日龄天府肉鸭（平均体重５７．０±３．０ｇ），按性别随机分成３２组，采用５因素部分实施的二次回归通用旋转组合设计，估测了为最大增重加和最大胸腿肌率时肉鸭生长期饲粮ＭＥ、Ｃａ，ＴＰ，ＡＰ和ＣＰ的适宜浓度范围和Ｎａ的适宜添加水平。试验结果表明：最大增重时，肉鸭饲粮ＭＥ适宜水平为：０－３周１２．７５ＭＪ／ｋｇ，４－７周１２．６６ＭＪ／ｋｇ，养分适宜浓度为：０－３周，ＣＰ１７．７０     

肉用种鸽日粮中ME,CP适宜水平研究

用９０对１岁美国王鸽分为９组，分别饲喂由１２．５％，１４．０％，１５．５％三个ＣＰ水平和１１７２３，１２３５１，１２９７９ＫＪ／ｋｇ三个ＭＥ水平组成的日粮。结果表明：含１２．５％ＣＰ和１１７２３ＫＪ／ｋｇＭＥ日粮的饲喂效果最好，２８日龄乳鸽体重达５０４ｇ，日增重和饲料转化率均显著地高于其它各组；含ＣＰ１２．５％，ＭＥ分别为１１７２３和１２３５１ＫＪ／ｋｇ两种日粮的２８日龄乳鸽体重差异不显著，但日粮中能蛋比低于８９．１ＫＪ／ｇ或高于９８．３ＫＪ／ｇ后其体重明显地低于其它各组；乳鸽周龄不同对日粮中蛋能比的要求也各异，１～４周生长速度最快组日粮能蛋比分别是８３．６，８０．０和９３．８ＫＪ／ｇ。     

Energy requirements of pregnant and lactating sows

The energy requirement of pregnant and lactating sows is derived on the basis of extensive experimental studies of the energy metabolism (indirect calorimetry, slaughtering) according to the factorial method. For the first reproduction cycle (RC) 0.41 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) or 0.29 MJ net energy fat, pig (NEFpig) resp. were necessary for energy maintenance requirement for pregnant and lactating sows and, depending on age, 0.44 MJ ME or 0.31 MJNEFpig in the second or third RC and 0.47 MJ ME/kg LW0.75.d or 0.33 MJ NEFpig/kg LW0.75.d in the 4th-8th RC. A linear increase of up to 6% of the energy requirement caused by pregnancy between the 85th and 115th day of pregnancy is taken into consideration. Energy requirement per 1 MJ retention both in pregnancy and lactation is 1.45 MJ ME or 1.03 MJ NEFpig, per 1 MJ milk yield it is 1.33 MJ ME or 0.91 MJ NEFpig. 1 MJ body energy for milk yield corresponds to 1.20 MJ ME or 0.82 MJ NEFpig. Equations describing energy retention in the products of conception, uterus and udder are established as well as equations characterizing the connections between live weight gain or loss and energy content of the gain or loss.     

Effect of dietary energy concentration and apparent ileal digestible lysine:metabolizable energy ratio on nitrogen balance and growth performance of young pigs

Two experiments were conducted to determine the optimal apparent ileal digestible lysine:ME (Lys:ME) ratio and the effects of lysine and ME levels on N balance (Exp. 1) and growth performance (Exp. 2) in growing pigs. Diets were designed to contain Lys:ME ratios of 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9 g/MJ at 13.5 and 14.5 MJ of ME/kg of diet in a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement. In Exp. 1, conventional N balances were determined on 48 crossbred barrows (synthetic line 990, initial BW = 13.1 +/- 0.7 kg) at approximately 15, 20, and 25 kg of BW with six pigs per diet. At 15 kg of BW, an energy density x Lys:ME ratio interaction on daily N retention was observed (P < 0.05). At each BW, N retention improved with an increase in N intake associated with increasing ME concentration. In 15-kg BW pigs, increasing the Lys:ME ratio increased daily N retention at the 13.5 (linear, P < 0.001) and 14.5 MJ of ME level (linear, P < 0.01; quadratic, P < 0.05). In 20-kg BW pigs, N retention (g/d) increased (linear, P < 0.001; quadratic, P < 0.01) and N retention (percentage) increased (linear, P < 0.001) as the Lys:ME ratio increased. At 25 kg of BW, N retention (g/d) increased quadratically (P < 0.05) with an increase in Lys:ME ratio. The Lys:ME ratios that maximized daily N retention at 15 kg of BW were 0.88 and 0.85 g/MJ at the 13.5 and 14.5 MJ of ME levels, respectively and 0.81 and 0.77 g/MJ (for both ME levels) at 20 and 25 kg of BW, respectively. Over the 28-d trial, an energy density x Lys:ME ratio interaction on ADG was observed (P < 0.05). Increasing energy density increased growth performance, whereas increasing the Lys:ME ratio in high-energy diets increased ADG (linear, P < 0.05; quadratic, P < 0.01) and gain:feed ratio (G/F) quadratically (P < 0.01). Average daily gain and G/F ratio were greatest in pigs fed the 14.5 MJ of ME diet and the Lys:ME ratio of 0.82 g/MJ. In Exp. 2, 128 individually housed crossbred barrows and gilts (initial BW = 12.8 +/- 1.6 kg) were used to determine the effect of diets used in Exp. 1 on growth performance in a 4 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. The ME level increased ADG and G/F from d 0 to 14 and from d 0 to 28. Increasing the Lys:ME ratio increased ADG from d 0 to 14, whereas growth performance was maximized in pigs fed Lys:ME ratio of 0.82 g/MJ. These results suggest that pigs from 13 to 20 and from 20 to 30 kg of BW fed diets containing 14.5 MJ of ME/kg had maximum N retention and ADG at 0.85 and 0.77 g of apparent ileal digestible lysine/MJ of ME, respectively.     

Joint research on the precise determination of the energy and protein requirements of fattening pigs. 2. Energy and nitrogen metabolism of fattening hybrids in the fattening range of 30 to 120 kg

In 3 experiments a total of 242 total metabolism experiments with ad libitum feeding (experiment 1), 75% (experiment 2) and 62% (experiment 3) of the energy level of the 1st experiment and approximately equal protein and amino acid doses in experiments 1-3 were carried out with 8 castrated male fattening hybrids each (large white X land race pig) X line 150) in the live weight range between 30 and 120 kg. On average, feed intake over the whole live weight range was 2.24; 1.79 and 1.50 kg/animal and day, the corresponding daily live weight gain was 729, 533 and 396 g. With regard to the digestibility of the energy and the nutrients and the metabolisable energy in % of the gross energy there was no relation to the development of the animals. The intake of metabolisable energy per kg live weight decreased with ad libitum feeding and with the advancing development at the end of the experiment in contrast to the beginning of the experiment to 53%, energy retention to 56%. The utilisation of metabolisable energy for body energy retention, taking account of a maintenance requirement of 450 kJ/kg live weight 0,62 on the average of the 3 experiments was 68.4 +/- 1.9, 70.3 +/- 2.0 and 64.3 +/- 2.6%. Energy retention in experiments 1 to 3 amounted to 8.6, 6.8 and 5.3 MJ at the beginning and to 18.1, 12.2 and 8.0 MJ per animal and day at the end of the experiment. Protein energy retention of the pigs (live weight 40 kg) was 26% of the total energy retention in experiments 1 and 2 and 49% in experiment 3. In experiments 1 and 3 protein retention decreased to 15% of the total energy retention, in experiment 2 protein retention remained constantly at 22% between 60 and 110 kg live weight and then decreased to 18%. Consequently, the N-balances were 23-16 g, 16-20 g and 16-9 g/animal and day. The chemical composition of the carcasses was strongly influenced by the level of nutrition. At the beginning of the experiment the protein content averaged between 49 and 57% and the total fat content between 31 and 38% of the dry matter. At the end of the experiment the carcasses of the animals from experiments 1-3 had crude protein contents of 28, 33 and 42% and total fat contents of 66, 61 and 50% of the dry matter.     

The use of endogenous nitrogen for microbial crude protein synthesis in the rumen of growing bulls

The objective of this study was to quantify endogenous nitrogen (N) recycled for microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. Four growing bulls (Schwarzbuntes Milchrind; bodyweight: 240–310 kg) with duodenal T‐shaped cannulas were fed diets containing four levels of crude protein content (200, 156, 102 and 63 g/kg dry matter, respectively). The diets were based on wheat, barley, tapioca meal, soybean extracted meal, dried beet pulp, meadow hay and straw. The diets had an energy level of 11.1, 10.9, 10.2 and 9.6 MJ metabolizable energy/kg dry matter. Faeces and urine were collected in four 7‐day balance periods. Duodenal flow rate was estimated by TiO₂, pelleted with grain, as a marker. The relationship between urine N excretion, the amount of microbial N reaching the duodenum, ruminal N balance and N retention were examined and the amount of endogenous N available for microbial protein synthesis without negative effects on the N retention was determined. It can be concluded that up to 16% of the microbial N supply could be covered by recycled endogenous N, but N retention should not be decreased by more than 1.5 residual standard deviations of maximal N retention.     

日粮能量和蛋白质水平对蛋鸭生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究日粮能量和蛋白质添加水平对蛋鸭生产性能的影响。采用3×3完全随机试验设计,3个能量添加水平（10.8、11.3和11.8 MJ/kg）和3个蛋白质添加水平（17.0%、19.0%和21.0%）。选用16周龄的金定蛋鸭432只,随机分为9组,即试验1组（10.8 MJ/kg、17.0%）、试验2组（10.8 MJ/kg、19.0%）、试验3组（10.8 MJ/kg、21.0%）、试验4组（11.3 MJ/kg、17.0%）、试验5组（11.3 MJ/kg、19.0%）、试验6组（11.3 MJ/kg、21.0%）、试验7组（11.8 MJ/kg、17.0%）、试验8组（11.8 MJ/kg、19.0%）和试验9组（11.8 MJ/kg、21.0%）,每组4个重复,每个重复12只鸭,试验期90 d。结果表明:①日粮中能量的添加水平显著影响蛋鸭平均蛋重（P<0.05）,而对采食量和料蛋比的影响均无显著影响（P>0.05）;②日粮中蛋白质的添加水平对蛋鸭生产性能的影响差异均不显著（P>0.05）;③在本试验添加水平范围内,能量和蛋白质的互作效应未对蛋鸭的生产性能产生影响（P>0.05）。综合认为,在海南地区产蛋期蛋鸭能量添加水平11.3 MJ/kg,蛋白质添加水平17.0%效果较好。     

A genetic upper limit to whole-body protein deposition in a strain of growing pigs

The genetic upper limit to daily whole-body protein deposition (Pdmax) is an important constraint on pig growth. The Pdmax was determined for a specified pig genotype using N balance and serial slaughter techniques. A traditional N-balance study, involving 36 and 90 kg of BW Large White x (Landrace x Large White) entire male pigs, was first conducted to demonstrate that a highly digestible, nutrient-dense diet (1.54% Lys; 18 MJ of DE/kg, air-dried basis) was able to support the attainment of Pdmax within the constraints of pig appetite. Animals were allocated to set levels of feed intake [set proportions of ad libitum DE intake (DEi), 50 to 100%]. Nitrogen retention increased linearly with DEi up to 25.3 and 35.2 MJ of DE/d for the 36 and 90 kg of BW pigs, respectively, then showed a departure (P < 0.05) from linearity. For DEi of the experimental diet above the latter intakes, which were approximately 80% of a determined ad libitum DEi, the pigs deposited protein at a rate approaching Pdmax. When a linear plateau response model (accepted a priori) was fitted, Pdmax values of 189.9 g/d at a DEi breakpoint of 28.3 MJ of DE/d at 36 kg of BW and 186.4 g/d at a DEi breakpoint of 37.3 MJ of DE/d at 90 kg of BW were found. In the serial slaughter study, 18 female and 18 entire male pigs were allocated to 5 slaughter BW (25, 45, 65, 85, and 110 kg) such that there were 5, 3, 3, 3, and 4 animals of each sex at each slaughter weight, respectively. Animals were fed the experimental diet ad libitum, and whole-body protein was determined at slaughter. Growth data were analyzed by differentiating and combining continuous mathematical functions for BW and body composition. The ad libitum DEi were 27.4 and 50.7 MJ/d at 36 and 90 kg of BW for the entire males and were assumed, based on the N-balance results, sufficiently high to allow expression of Pdmax. There was an effect (P < 0.05) of sex on Pdmax vs. time (days on trial). Over the BW range of 25 to 85 kg, Pdmax was constant for the entire male and female pigs at 170 and 147 g/d, respectively. Above 85 kg of BW, Pdmax was no longer constant for either sex.     

前期营养水平对羔羊两阶段育肥效果的影响

试验旨在研究前期营养水平对羔羊两阶段育肥效果的影响。选用蒙古羔羊(羯羊)80只,随机分为对照组(CG)、中等受限组(RG1和RG2)和严重受限组(RG3)4个处理组。进行营养限制期60 d 和补偿期90 d 的羔羊生长育肥试验。限制期4个组日粮对应能量(ME)、氮(CP)水平分别为10.88、10.88、9.41、8.62 MJ/kg和15%、10%、10%、5.7%。补偿期各组饲喂同一能氮水平日粮(ME:9.75 MJ/kg;CP:12%)。研究羔羊在限制期和补偿期体重、日增重、屠宰率、净肉率、肉骨比、胴体产肉率、眼肌面积和GR值的变化规律。结果表明,限制期结束时,CG组羔羊的体重显著高于RG1和RG2组(P＜0.05),极显著高于RG3组(P＜0.01),CG组羔羊的屠宰率、净肉率、肉骨比、胴体产肉率、眼肌面积和GR值明显高于受限组。补偿期结束时,RG3组羔羊日增重显著高于CG组(P＜0.05),受限组羔羊体重、屠宰率、净肉率、肉骨比和胴体产肉率有逐渐接近CG组的趋势,且4个组羔羊的眼肌面积和GR值差异不显著(P＞0.05)。因此,蒙古羔羊在限制期受到日粮中不同能氮水平限制后,经过补偿期后体重表现出不同程度的补偿效应,而且日粮中蛋白质的限制比能量的限制对补偿生长的负影响更大。在限制期蛋白质的限制影响羔羊的产肉性能较明显,补偿期能量的补充更重要。     

不同营养水平日粮对海南黑山羊肥育羔羊生长性能和器官指数的影响

试验旨在研究不同营养水平日粮对海南黑山羊肥育羔羊生长性能和器官指数的影响。采用2×3析因设计,将24只3月龄、体重为(10.56±1.28)kg海南黑山羊随机分成6个处理组,每个处理组4只羊(公、母各半),每只羊为1个重复。6个不同营养水平精饲料处理组分别为:试验1组粗蛋白质(CP)水平为15%、消化能(DE)水平为11.72 MJ/kg,试验2组CP 15%、DE 12.55 MJ/kg,试验3组CP 15%、DE 13.39 MJ/kg,试验4组CP 17%、DE 11.72 MJ/kg,试验5组CP 17%、DE 12.55 MJ/kg,试验6组CP 17%、DE 13.39 MJ/kg,试验期90 d。结果表明,精饲料粗蛋白质水平对试验羊平均日增重影响显著(P<0.05),17% CP日粮组试验羊有较高的平均日增重(P<0.05)和较低的料重比(P<0.05);日粮精饲料蛋白质和能量水平对心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胃的脏器指数影响均不显著(P>0.05),随着精饲料消化能水平的增加,肠道的脏器指数逐渐减小(P<0.05)。结果提示,补饲不同营养水平精饲料对3月龄海南黑山羊育肥期羔羊平均日增重和料重比均有显著影响(P<0.05),对黑山羊肠道重量及肠道器官指数影响显著(P<0.05),而对其他内脏器官指数无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

饲粮粗蛋白和蛋氨酸水平对育雏期笼养金定鸭性能的影响

采用饲养试验、代谢试验和屠宰试验研究在等能条件下 (ME :1 1 .9MJ kg) ,不同蛋白质水平 (CP :1 7% ,1 9% ,2 1 % )和蛋氨酸水平 (Met CP :0 .0 2 0、0 .0 2 5、0 .0 30 )完全交叉组成的 9种饲粮对笼养金定鸭育雏期 (0～ 4周龄 )生长性能、养分利用、体成分沉积方面的影响。结果表明 :不同蛋白质水平饲粮对试鸭 0～ 4周龄的体增重、采食量、蛋白、能量、钙、磷的利用率以及蛋白、钙、磷沉积量影响显著 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1 ) ;不同蛋氨酸水平饲粮对试鸭的上述指标 ,除钙利用率、磷沉积量外 ,影响均不显著 (P >0 .0 5)。氮存留率与能量、钙、磷的利用率随饲粮CP(% )的升高而是降低 ,且各水平间差异显著 (P <0 .0 5) ,却随蛋氨酸水平的升高而升高。蛋白水平与蛋氨酸水平的互作结果为 :对氮存留率、能量和磷的利用率影响差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5) ,且以第 3组 (CP =1 7% ,Met CP =0 .0 30 )效果最好 ,而钙的利用率第 3组效果也较好。因此 ,在本试验条件下 ,饲粮适宜粗蛋白和蛋氨酸水平分别为 :CP(% ) =1 7,Met CP =0 .0 30。     

Tryptophan requirement of growing pigs at various body weights

The purpose of this study was to determine the tryptophan (Trp) requirement of growing pigs at different body weight (BW) ranges. Three performance experiments were conducted with female pigs in the BW ranges of 25-50, 50-80 and 80-115 kg. In addition to the performance experiments, nitrogen balance experiments were carried out in which pigs weighing 56, 66 and 86 kg were used. Trp-deficient basal diets were formulated to which varying amounts of l-Trp were added. The amino acid concentrations of the diets were analysed; concentrations of standardized digestible amino acids were calculated on the basis of tabular values. The calculated concentrations of standardized ileal digestible tryptophan were 0.81, 1.11, 1.41, 1.71, 2.01 g/kg diet in the lower BW range (25-50 kg), 0.71, 0.96, 1.21, 1.46, 1.71 g/kg diet in the middle BW range (50-80 kg), and 0.49, 0.69, 0.89, 1.09, 1.29 g/kg diet in the upper BW range (80-115 kg). Dose-response relationships were evaluated by means of an exponential regression model. In all three age ranges, performance parameters as well as nitrogen retention were strongly influenced by the dietary concentration of standardized ileal digestible tryptophan. According to the exponential model, in the 25-50 kg BW range, 95% of the maximum feed consumption, BW gain and nitrogen retention were achieved at concentrations between 1.96 and 2.00 g of standardized ileal digestible Trp per kilogram diet, corresponding to 3.32-3.39 g/day. In the BW range of 50-80 kg, 95% of the maximum of these parameters occurred at concentrations of standardized ileal digestible tryptophan in excess of the highest concentration of 1.71 g/kg diet, corresponding to 3.71 g/day. In the BW range of 80-115 kg, 95% of the maximum of BW gain and nitrogen retention were recorded at concentrations of 1.22 and 0.84 g standardized ileal digestible Trp per kilogram diet, corresponding to 3.77 and 2.25 g/day, respectively. Related to the energy value of the diets, the optimal concentration of standardized ileal digestible tryptophan are between 140 and 143 mg/MJ metabolizable energy (ME) in the BW range of 25-50 kg, in excess of 127 mg/MJ ME in the BW range of 50-80 kg and between 62 and 90 mg/MJ ME in the BW range of 80-115 kg. In conclusion, it is suggested that the requirement of standardized ileal digestible tryptophan for growing pigs might be higher than currently assumed.