CO2化学吸收剂

化学吸收法是燃后CO₂捕集的主要方法之一,本文介绍了化学吸收法脱除CO₂的系统工艺及特点,综述了CO₂吸收剂的研究现状,介绍了典型吸收剂:氨水吸收剂、氨基酸盐吸收剂、碳酸钾吸收剂的研究进展,以及新型吸收剂研究方向:混合胺吸收剂、相变吸收剂、离子液体吸收剂、纳米流体吸收剂,CO₂开关型吸收剂和新型有机胺吸收剂,并分析比较了各种吸收剂的优缺点。分析表明混合胺和相变吸收剂节能潜力较大,较其他四种新型吸收剂更为成熟,因此具有一定的工业化潜力。     

SO2对钙基CO2吸收剂循环煅烧/碳酸化反应的影响

在循环煅烧/碳酸化反应系统中,研究了SO₂对钙基吸收剂CaCO₃捕集CO₂的影响,获得了SO₂对钙基吸收剂碳酸化特性、煅烧特性以及循环稳定性的影响规律,并结合SEM分析结果,从循环煅烧/碳酸化反应角度,分析了可能存在的原因。结果表明,钙基吸收剂吸收CO₂的能力随着循环反应次数的增加逐渐发生衰减,在SO₂影响下,这种衰减会进一步加剧,且衰减程度随着SO₂浓度的增加而增大,经过十次循环后,碳酸化转化率分别为25.5%(0%SO₂)、16.9%(0.1%SO₂)和5.2%(0.2%SO₂)。造成这种衰减加剧的主要原因是反应产生较厚的硫酸化产物层,硫酸化产物层使颗粒表面孔隙发生堵塞,阻碍了CO₂在吸收剂内部的扩散,降低了碳酸化转化率。     

CaO/MgO和CaO/Ca9Al6O18同时捕集CO2/SO2的循环吸收特性

以葡萄糖酸钙与葡萄糖酸镁及L-乳酸铝为前驱物,湿法制得了四种CaO/MgO和CaO/Ca₉Al₆O₁₈吸收剂,并进行了同时捕集CO₂/SO₂的实验。考察了吸收剂种类、质量配比、SO₂浓度及煅烧温度等对吸收剂吸收性能的影响。结果表明,CaO/MgO(质量比为75%/25%)吸收剂和CaO/Ca₉Al₆O₁₈(质量比为75%/25%)吸收剂分别保持了最好的吸收CO₂能力和最好的循环稳定性。SO₂严重阻碍了吸收剂对CO₂的捕集。SO₂浓度越高,吸收剂吸收CO₂能力下降的越快,但同时吸收SO₂的转化率也越高。数次循环后,总的Ca利用率开始上升,且SO₂浓度越高,上升趋势越明显。煅烧温度对CaO/MgO吸收剂和CaO/Ca₉Al₆O₁₈吸收剂循环吸收特性的影响略有不同。     

离子液体捕集CO2

CO₂是导致温室效应的最主要成分,因此碳捕集技术的研究受到学术界和产业界的高度重视。离子液体具有不挥发、不燃烧、热稳定性好、溶解能力强、结构和性质可调节并可循环使用等特性,在CO₂的吸收/分离领域展现了广阔的应用前景。本文系统地综述了近年来常规离子液体、功能化离子液体、支撑离子液体膜、聚合离子液体以及离子液体与分子溶剂的混合物在捕集CO₂方面的研究进展;讨论了离子液体的阳离子结构、阴离子类型、烷基链长度、阴/阳离子的氟化程度和功能化、离子液体的负载作用和聚合效应以及体系的温度和压力对CO₂选择性捕集性能的影响;分析了可能的捕集机理以及各种捕集方法的优点和缺点;提出了目前需要进一步研究的若干重要问题,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

膜接触器 复合有机胺溶液捕集CO2(英文）

本文提出一种基于氨基酸盐的CO₂复合吸收剂,采用膜接触器 复合溶液耦合技术研究了吸收CO₂的性能,并与单一氨基酸盐溶液吸收性能进行了比较,讨论了气液流速等因素对气液出口CO₂浓度、捕集效率和总传质系数的影响,开发了一个阻力层模型预测膜接触器的总传质系数。结果表明：复合溶液的性能明显好于单一氨基酸盐溶液;与单一溶液比较,使用复合溶液,气相出口CO₂浓度较低,液相出口CO₂浓度较高,捕集效率也较高;复合溶液的总传质系数明显高于单一溶液。可以证实,在膜吸收过程中氨基酸盐基复合溶液是一高效的CO₂吸收剂。模型的预测值符合实验值。     

无机盐活化剂-氨基酸盐基溶液捕集温室气体CO2

将无机盐K₃PO₄、K₂HPO₄和KH₂PO₄作为活化剂,分别添加于氨基乙酸盐溶液中,形成CO₂活化吸收剂,采用膜接触器 再生循环装置,评价和比较了氨基乙酸盐和活化吸收剂捕集CO₂的性能,研究了活化剂的浓度、气液流速等因素对总体积传质系数、传质通量和捕集率的影响。结果表明,磷酸盐活化剂在氨基乙酸盐吸收剂中,对CO₂的捕集均产生影响,活化效应存在PO₄^3－＞HPO₄^2－＞H₂PO₄^－的规律;添加少量活化剂的作用比添加较多量的活化作用大;活化吸收剂的捕集率明显大于非活化吸收剂;膜吸收流体力学状态的改变,能够改善膜接触器传质性能,增大传质通量,但增大的程度有限。     

混合胺溶液耦合CaO吸收-矿化CO2特性及矿化过程关键影响因素研究

有机胺捕集CO₂是一种有效的燃烧后碳捕集(PCC)技术,同时CO₂矿物碳酸化是一种安全和稳定封存CO₂的方法。本研究通过将两种方式结合,以MEA/MDEA混合胺溶液作为CO₂吸收剂,以CaO作为CO₂矿化原料,研究了不同混合胺溶液配比、温度、反应时间和CaO添加比例等条件下混合胺溶液耦合CaO吸收-矿化CO₂性能。结果表明,在常温常压下CaO可对MEA/MDEA溶液中吸收的CO₂进行有效矿化并同时实现MEA/MDEA溶液的再生;并且经过五次循环吸收-矿化实验后,MEA/MDEA溶液仍保持了较高的CO₂转化率(77.4%)和CO₂循环负荷(1.03 mol/L)。FT-IR和XRD表征分析表明,CaO的添加向MEA/MDEA溶液中提供了大量Ca²⁺和OH^-,可分别与溶液中的CO₃^2-/HCO₃     

亲水相互作用色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法测定CO2吸收液中9种有机胺类化合物

二氧化碳(CO₂)吸收捕集是实现我国碳达峰和碳中和目标的有效措施。有机胺类化合物被广泛用作工业回收CO₂的吸收剂，建立有机胺类化合物的分析检测方法对于碳捕集与封存(CCS)技术和碳捕获、利用与封存(CCUS)技术的发展具有重要意义。本研究建立了以亲水相互作用色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法同时测定CO₂吸收液中9种有机胺类化合物的分析方法。样品以水作为溶剂，稀释后经0.22μm尼龙滤膜过滤后，进样分析。采用Accucore HILIC色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 2.6μm),在30℃条件下进行分离，流动相A为90%乙腈水溶液(含5 mmol/L甲酸铵和0.1%甲酸),流动相B为10%乙腈水溶液(含5 mmol/L甲酸铵和0.1%甲酸),梯度洗脱。采用电喷雾离子源(ESI),在正离子模式下进行测定，通过标准加入法进行定量分析。实验对比了不同色谱柱对有机胺类化合物的保留能力以及不同流动相的影响，并对方法进行了方法学验证。结果表明：9种有机胺类化合物在0.04～25 000 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好，线性相关系数(...     

CO2高效资源化利用的高温熔盐电化学技术研究

高温熔融盐具有CO₂吸收容量大、电化学窗口宽、高温下反应动力学快等特点,是利用清洁电能大规模捕集和资源化利用CO₂颇具实用化潜力的电解液体系. 本文主要介绍作者课题组近十年关于高温熔盐CO₂捕集与电化学资源化转化(MSCC-ET)技术的相关研究工作,包括熔融盐电解质对CO₂的吸收、阴极过程动力学、电解条件对产物的影响、析氧阳极、电解过程能量效率和CO₂捕获潜力,并展望了MSCC-ET技术的发展前景.     

咪唑类离子液体混合物吸收CO2性能研究

结合常规离子液体和功能型离子液体在吸收CO₂方面的优势,将两类咪唑类离子液体进行混合,对其吸收CO₂的效果和再生性能进行了实验研究。结果表明,两类咪唑类离子液体混合后流动性明显改善,与CO₂接触气液传质顺畅;常规离子液体[bmim][BF₄]和[bmim][Tf₂N]与胺功能型离子液体[NH₂e-mim][BF₄]混合物较单一的离子液体吸收CO₂的量大,[bmim][CH₃CO₂]与[NH₂e-mim][BF₄]混合后较单一的[bmim][CH₃CO₂]吸收量有明显的减低;随着常规咪唑类离子液体阳离子碳链增长,混合离子液体吸收CO₂的效果变强;与胺乙基功能型离子液体混合吸收CO₂时,阴离子为[Tf₂N]的常规咪唑类离子液体要比阴离子为[BF₄]的吸收效果好;离子液体混合物吸收CO₂后经再生循环利用10次,混合物质量基本不变,循环使用后吸收CO₂性能为初始吸收性能的75%~85%。     

Ionic Liquids Made with Dimethyl Carbonate: Solvents as well as Boosted Basic Catalysts for the Michael Reaction

This article describes 1) a methodology for the green synthesis of a class of methylammonium and methylphosphonium ionic liquids (ILs), 2) how to tune their acid–base properties by anion exchange, 3) complete neat‐phase NMR spectroscopic characterisation of these materials and 4) their application as active organocatalysts for base‐promoted carbon–carbon bond‐forming reactions. Methylation of tertiary amines or phosphines with dimethyl carbonate leads to the formation of the halogen‐free methyl‐onium methyl carbonate salts, and these can be easily anion‐exchanged to yield a range of derivatives with different melting points, solubility, acid–base properties, stability and viscosity. Treatment with water, in particular, yields bicarbonate‐exchanged liquid onium salts. These proved strongly basic, enough to efficiently catalyse the Michael reaction; experiments suggest that in these systems the bicarbonate basicity is boosted by two orders of magnitude with respect to inorganic bicarbonate salts. These basic ionic liquids used in catalytic amounts are better even than traditional strong organic bases. The present work also introduces neat NMR spectroscopy of the ionic liquids as a probe for solute–solvent interactions as well as a tool for characterisation. Our studies show that high catalytic efficacy of functional ionic liquids can be achieved by integrating their green synthesis, along with a fine‐tuning of their structure. Demonstrating that ionic liquid solvents can be made by a truly green procedure, and that their properties and reactivity can be tailored to the point of bridging the gap between their use as solvents and as catalysts.     

咪唑基离子液体固定分离CO2的研究进展

以咪唑基离子液体为代表,综述了近期普通咪唑基离子液体、功能咪唑基离子液体、支撑咪唑基离子液体和聚合咪唑基离子液体在分离固定CO2方面的研究进展,说明了各类咪唑基离子液体分离固定CO2的可行性及优缺点,并总结了离子液体固定CO2的影响因素和分离机制.     

负载型氨基酸离子液体的制备及其对二氧化碳的吸附性能

采用浸渍蒸发法将四甲基铵甘氨酸([N1111][Gly])和四甲基铵赖氨酸([N1111][Lys])两种离子液体分别负载到硅胶(SG)表面,利用EA、TGA、BET和FT-IR等技术对所得到的吸附剂进行表征,考察了离子液体种类、离子液体负载量和温度等条件对其CO_2吸附性能的影响。结果表明,离子液体成功负载到硅胶表面,所制得的负载型氨基酸离子液体对二氧化碳具有良好的吸附性能。在所考察的温度范围(303.15-323.15 K)内,温度越高,平衡吸附量越小;在负载量为10%-60%,随着负载量的增加,平衡吸附量先增加后减小。对于[N1111][Gly]/SG,当负载量为22.4%(质量分数)、吸附温度为30℃、压力为0.1 M Pa时,二氧化碳的平衡吸附量可达到41 mg/g(相对于1 mol AAILs吸附0.62 mol CO_2),而且,吸附20 min即可达到平衡吸附量的90%。吸附剂在循环使用六次之后,其结构与性能均保持良好。     

均相催化剂催化合成碳酸亚丙酯

分别就单组为催化剂和双组分催化剂对二氧化碳与环氧丙烷合成碳酸亚丙酯的催化活性进行了研究。实验结果表明，在单组分催化体系中，相转移催化剂，如十六烷基三甲基漠化按、四丁基演化铵对上述酯化反应具有较高的催化活性此外，盐酸羟胺、三苯基磷也有一定的催化活性；在双组分催化体系中，KI／PEG（聚乙二醇）体系具有很高的催化活性，能在较短时间内、较低的压力下高产率地得到碳酸亚丙酯，而某些金属盐、有机碱、季接盐的适当红合，也能有效地催化该反应。     

Efficient catalytic synthesis of optically active cyclic carbonates via coupling reaction of epoxides and carbon dioxide

Chiral Co(salen) complexes bearing the Lewis acid of group 13 can efficiently catalyze the reactions of carbon dioxide with epoxides in the presence of catalytic amounts of alkali metal salts, quaternary ammonium halide or ionic liquids. They exhibited excellent activity for producing enantiomerically enriched cyclic carbonates.     

Selectivity of the cyclic carbonate formation by fixation of carbon dioxide into epoxides catalyzed by Lewis bases

Cyclic carbonate and polycarbonate have been selectively obtained with good conversion by coupling carbon dioxide with diglycidylether of bisphenol A. The ruthenium trichloride supported on tetraethylammonium bromide and polyphosphotungstic acid has been found active and selective to produce the corresponding monomeric and polymeric carbonates. These catalysts can be recycled keeping their high product conversion and selectivity. The heteropolyacid itself showed high activity also under supercritical CO₂ conditions to yield polycarbonate.     

Development in the green synthesis of cyclic carbonate from carbon dioxide using ionic liquids

This brief review presents the recent development in the synthesis of cyclic carbonate from carbon dioxide (CO₂) using ionic liquids as catalyst and/or reaction medium. The synthesis of cyclic carbonate includes three aspects: catalytic reaction of CO₂ and epoxide, electrochemical reaction of CO₂ and epoxide, and oxidative carboxylation of olefin. Some ionic liquids are suitable catalysts and/or solvents to the CO₂ fixation to produce cyclic carbonate. The activity of ionic liquid is greatly enhanced by the addition of Lewis acidic compounds of metal halides or metal complexes that have no or low activity by themselves. Using ionic liquids for the electrochemical synthesis of the cyclic carbonate can avoid harmful organic solvents, supporting electrolytes and catalysts, which are necessary for conventional electrochemical reaction systems. Although the ionic liquid is better for the oxidative carboxylation of olefin than the ordinary catalysts reported previously, this reaction system is at a preliminary stage. Using the ionic liquids, the synthesis process will become greener and simpler because of easy product separation and catalyst recycling and unnecessary use of volatile and harmful organic solvents.     

Direct Electrochemical Capture and Release of Carbon Dioxide Using an Industrial Organic Pigment: Quinacridone

Limiting anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions constitutes a major issue faced by scientists today. Herein we report an efficient way of controlled capture and release of carbon dioxide using nature inspired, cheap, abundant and non‐toxic, industrial pigment namely, quinacridone. An electrochemically reduced electrode consisting of a quinacridone thin film (ca. 100 nm thick)on an ITO support forms a quinacridone carbonate salt. The captured CO₂ can be released by electrochemical oxidation. The amount of captured CO₂ was quantified by FT‐IR. The uptake value for electrochemical release process was 4.61 mmol g^?1. This value is among the highest reported uptake efficiencies for electrochemical CO₂ capture. For comparison, the state‐of‐the‐art aqueous amine industrial capture process has an uptake efficiency of ca. 8 mmol g^?1.     

Chiral metal-containing ionic liquid:Synthesis and applications in the enantioselective cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxides

A series of novel chiral metal-containing ionic liquids(CMILs) consisting of the cation of crown ether-chelated potassium/sodium and the anion of chiral amino acids were designed and synthesized.These new CMILs were used to catalyze the enantioselective cycloaddition of epoxides and carbon dioxide incorporating with the salenCo(OOCCCl3) to generate corresponding chiral cyclic carbonates under mild conditions.These new catalysts can be recycled at least five times without significant loss of activity and ena...