膨胀温度对膨胀石墨孔结构的影响

研究膨胀石墨孔结构的变化规律、探索有效调节孔结构的方法,以提高膨胀石墨的吸附性能.以50～60目的天然鳞片石墨为原料,以K_2Cr_2O_7、HNO_3、HClO_4和CH_3COOH为氧化插层剂,制备出可膨胀石墨;将可膨胀石墨在300～900℃下加热,制备出不同膨胀体积的膨胀石墨.通过SEM和N_2吸脱附研究了膨胀温度对膨胀石墨孔结构的影响.结果表明:随着膨胀温度的升高,膨胀石墨的膨胀体积增大;在膨胀石墨表面的孔由呈V型开裂向卷曲开裂转化;膨胀石墨内部小孔的含量逐渐增多,而且孔容和比表面积均增大,二者与膨胀体积几乎呈线性关系;在膨胀温度小于800℃下,膨胀石墨的平均孔径均为3. 93 nm,而在900℃时,平均孔径减少为2. 46 nm.     

膨胀石墨对刚果红废水吸附及动力学研究

采用天然鳞片石墨、硝酸、磷酸、高锰酸钾制备膨胀石墨,利用比表面积、FT-IR、SEM 等手段对膨胀石墨进行表征,通过膨胀石墨对刚果红染料废水进行吸附,考察膨胀石墨用量、吸附时间、pH、刚果红浓度等条件对吸附性能的影响. 结果表明,在60 mg·L-1刚果红溶液中加入1.5 g·L-1的膨胀石墨,pH 约为7 时,室温下充分震荡25 min,吸附效果较好;由FT-IR 和SEM 表征,均发现膨胀石墨成功吸附刚果红染料. 吸附动力学研究表明,吸附过程更符合Lagergren 准二级动力学方程. 实验数据与Langmuir 方程拟合度较好,吸附是单分子层吸附.     

膨胀石墨微结构表征及其储能复合材料的制备

以膨胀石墨为吸附介质,制备新型的相变储能复合材料.对膨胀石墨的制备及微结构的表征、有机相变材料的热物理性能测试、复合相变材料的制备及其储(放)热性能的测试等进行了试验.试验结果表明,可膨胀石墨在600 w微波输出功率下处理10～15 s后,可以制得具有良好吸附性能的膨胀石墨材料.电镜观测和压汞分析都显示,膨胀石墨具有丰富的孔隙结构,孔隙尺寸以微米级为主.由于膨胀石墨为非极性材料,且具有多孔性质,很容易吸附有机相变材料,其最佳的吸附比例为12.5 mL/g.进行吸附处理后所制得的相变储能复合材料,具有明显的储能效应,能够起到调节环境温度的作用,同时根据上述特点可以达到将能量在不同的时间和空间进行转换的目的.     

膨胀石墨对苯酚的吸附研究

以自制的膨胀石墨为吸附剂,研究其对苯酚的吸附情况.主要探讨了苯酚溶液的质量浓度、吸附体系pH值、盐度、吸附温度及膨胀石墨粒径对吸附行为的影响,结果表明,膨胀石墨对苯酚具有较好的吸附效果.     

吸附和氧化相结合处理工业废水的新方法

以鳞片石墨为原材料制备了膨胀体积为250mL/g的膨胀石墨,表征了膨胀石墨的形貌和结构.在探讨膨胀石墨用量、吸附时间、吸附温度对处理效率影响的基础上,建立了以膨胀石墨为吸附剂的处理煤焦油为原料生产药物中间体的化工厂废水的方法.在最佳吸附条件下,探讨了过氧化氢用量对处理效率的影响,建立了以膨胀石墨为吸附剂和过氧化氢为氧化剂的处理该类废水的吸附和氧化相结合的新方法.结果显示:当膨胀石墨用量0.10 g,吸附时间20min,吸附温度20~40℃,过氧化氢用量0.60mL时,一次性处理30mL废水的处理效率可达50.0%.     

TiO2/膨胀石墨复合材料的制备及表征

为了提高膨胀石墨和TiO2在污染领域的处理能力,提出了复合材料的制备方法.以硫酸为插层剂、双氧水为氧化剂,采用化学氧化法制备膨胀石墨,高温膨化得到低硫膨胀石墨,然后采用醇热法进一步制备了TiO2/膨胀石墨复合材料.采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）对样品进行表征.以汽油为样品油,研究膨胀石墨及TiO2/膨胀石墨对汽油吸附性能.结果表明：TiO2成功负载于膨胀石墨的边缘和内壁,平均粒径为100 nm,形貌为球形.膨胀石墨对汽油的最大吸附量为40 g/g,复合材料对汽油的吸附量随着TiO2含量的增加而逐步降低.     

原位聚合-热膨胀制备聚苯胺/膨胀石墨复合物及导电性能研究

以-100目(孔径0.254 mm)低温可膨胀石墨为石墨固体膨胀剂,采用原位聚合-热膨胀技术制备了聚苯胺/膨胀石墨复合物,并对聚苯胺/膨胀石墨复合物进行了形貌和结构表征.同时,对聚苯胺/膨胀石墨复合物的导电性能进行了研究.结果显示,聚苯胺/膨胀石墨复合物颗粒具有蠕虫状形貌和聚苯胺包覆在膨胀石墨上的结构,其膨胀体积为10.0 mL/g;实验结果表明,反应时间和反应温度对聚苯胺/膨胀石墨复合物的导电率有影响.     

镧氧化物/膨胀石墨复合吸附剂的制备、除磷性能及机理

为了获得除磷性能更优的吸附剂, 以负载 LaOH 的膨胀石墨(expanded graphite-LaOH, EG-LaOH)为前驱体, 分别于 340, 500 和 750 ${^\circ}$C 下焙烧制备了镧氧化物/膨胀石墨复合吸附剂 EG-LaO-340, EG-LaO-500 和 EG-LaO-750. 通过吸附动力学和等温线实验, 考察了 EG-LaO-340, EG-LaO-500 和 EG-LaO-750 的除磷性能. 结果发现, 制备温度不同对吸附剂的除磷性能影响明显, 其中 EG-LaO-340 的吸附速率和吸附容量均为最优. 通过研究热力学参数和溶液初始 pH 对吸附容量的影响, 以及扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)和傅里叶变换红外(Fouier transform infrared, FTIR)光谱的分析进一步探讨了 EG-LaO-340 的除磷机理. 结果表明: 该吸附是一个能够自发进行的吸热过程; 吸附除磷主要通过静电作用、离子交换作用和路易斯酸碱作用实现.     

石墨基炭材料的制备及其性能

以天然鳞片石墨为原料,高锰酸钾(KMnO_4)、浓硫酸(H_2SO_4)、过氧化氢(H_2O_2)、乙酸(CH_3COOH)为氧化插层体系,采用化学氧化法制备石墨基炭材料.采用7因素3水平正交试验L_(18)(3~7)研究不同氧化插层体系配比对石墨基炭材料膨胀体积的影响;通过拉曼光谱(RSM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积及孔径测定仪(BET)表征石墨基炭材料的性能.结果表明:当氧化插层体系配比为m(KMnO_4(g))∶V(H_2SO_4(mL))∶V(H_2O_2(mL))∶V (CH_3COOH(mL))=1∶10∶2∶2时,在40℃恒温水浴下搅拌60 min,80℃下干燥4 h制备得到可膨胀石墨;然后,在700℃下高温膨胀得到石墨基炭材料.在该条件下得到的石墨基炭材料的最大膨胀体积为230 mL/g.经氧化处理过的石墨高温膨胀后石墨层结构发生了明显变化,无序度增加,结晶度减小;石墨基炭材料的外观蓬松,呈卷曲状,层间孔隙大小明显;最大吸附量可达到75.9 cm~2/g,具有较好的吸附性能;最大孔隙结构直径为369.10nm,具有发达的孔隙结构.本研究成果可为石墨基炭材料的制备提供方法和应用依据.     

膨胀石墨吸附二苯胺-4-磺酸钠的动力学及热力学

以二苯胺-4-磺酸钠(DPASA)为吸附质,研究了其在膨胀石墨(EG)上的吸附动力学及热力学行为;针对DPASA的初始质量浓度,温度,pH值,离子强度以及EG的膨胀容积(EV)对吸附性能的影响进行了讨论.吸附动力学研究表明此过程可用准二级模型描述;在测试DPASA质量浓度及温度下,吸附过程活化能为1～10 kJ/mol.吸附热力学研究显示DPASA在EG上的吸附属于Ⅱ型;平衡吸附量随DPASA初始质量浓度、溶液离子强度和EG的EV的增加而增大;温度和pH值对吸附性能没有显著影响;物理吸附是吸附过程中的主导因素.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-