共混工艺对SMAH增容ABS/PA6共混物形态和力学性能的影响

以(苯乙烯/马来酸酐)共聚物(SMAH)为增容剂,研究了共混工艺对(丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物/尼龙6(ABS/PA6)共混物聚集态结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,ABS与PA6直接共混时相容性差;加入增容剂SMAH后,分散相尺寸变小且易均匀分散,显著改善了ABS/PA6共混物的力学性能。当ABS为连续相、PA6为分散相时,共混物的聚集态结构强烈地受共混工艺的影响,(ABS/SMAH)/PA6共混物的分散相尺寸最小、力学性能最优;当PA6为连续相、ABS为分散相时,共混物的聚集态结构基本不受共混工艺的影响。     

马来酸酐接枝物对PE/PA6共混物相容性的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了PP/PA6/POE-g-MAH和PP/PA6/PP-g-MAH共混物。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热(DSC)仪分析和力学性能测试研究了增容剂POE-g-MAH和PP-g-MAH对PP/PA6共混物相容性、形态结构和宏观力学性能的影响。结果表明,在PP/PA6共混体系中分别加入POE-g-MAH和PP-g-MAH不仅能显著改善两相界面的相容性,减小分散相的粒径,而且能使共混物的力学性能显著提高。当增容剂的用量为5份时,PP/PA6共混物有较好的综合力学性能。POE-g-MAH和PP-g-MAH增容PP/PA6共混体系非等温结晶行为的研究表明,POE-g-MAH和PP-g-MAH均能促进PA6对PP基体的异相成核作用。     

共混方式对ABS／PA6／SMA共混体系形态和力学性能的影响

以苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物（SMA）为反应增容剂，研究不同共混工艺和ABS／PA6配比对三共混体系聚集态结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明：SMA对共混体系增容效果显著，并明显改善了ABS／PA6共混体系的力学性能。其中当PA6用量为30份和40份时，SMA先与ABS共混再与PA6共混的方式所生成共混物的性能优于SMA先与PA6共混再与ABS共混的方式。PA6用量为30份时性能最好，共混物的分散相尺寸达到最小值0．31μm，分散相颗粒PA6周长面积比为最大值0．46，拉伸强度和冲击强度也分别为最大值63．2MPa和8．29kJ／m^2。当PA6用量达到45份时，共混方式对共混物的力学性能影响不大。研究表明，当ABS为连续相时，共混方式可以强烈地影响ABS／PA6共混物体系的聚集态结构和力学性能，而PA6和ABS向共连续相发展时，共混方式对ABS／PA6聚集态结构和力学性能则影响不大。     

接枝聚丙烯增容改性PP/PA合金性能的研究

用PP接枝物增容PP/PA6共混体系,观察分析了共混合金的形态结构特点,测试了共混物的力学性能.结果表明：单独加入PP-g-MAH,力学性能均呈现先升后降的趋势,峰值时拉伸强度比未加接枝物时可提高20%,弯曲强度比未加接枝物时提高了54%,冲击强度比不添加接枝物时提高了3.6%.添加PP-g-MAH对不同比例PP/PA6共混物力学性能的影响不同,固定PP-g-MAH用量为4%,PA6质量分数为30%时共混物的综合力学性能达到最好.用PP-g-MAH和PP-g-GMA两种接枝物共同作为相容剂加入到PP/PA6共混物中比单独使用一种的效果要好,拉伸、弯曲和冲击强度都得到显著的提高.由共混物的SEM照片可以看到,PP-g-MAH使分散相的粒径变小,分布均匀,界面相互作用加强,所以是PP/PA6共混物的有效增容剂.     

不同原始颗粒尺寸的PHE对PA66/PHE共混物力学性能影响

使用不同原始颗粒尺寸的聚酚氧(PHE)通过双螺杆挤出机分别与尼龙(PA)66共混制备PA66/PHE共混物.测试其力学性能,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征.研究发现,小颗粒尺寸的PHE制备的PA66/PHE共混物的分散相尺寸小、分散均匀且冲击强度得到提高,呈现协同效应,而拉伸强度基本与纯PA66保持一致;大颗粒尺寸的PHE制备的PA66/PHE共混物的分散相尺寸较大且容易发生团聚,其冲击强度降低,而拉伸强度有所增加.     

MXD6/PA6/EPT共混物力学性能与形态结构研究

以马来酸酐接枝三元乙丙热塑性弹性体(EPT-g-MAH)为反应性增容剂,通过熔融共混方法制得聚(间二甲苯己二酰二胺)/聚酰胺6/三元乙丙热塑性弹性体(MXD6/PA6/EPT)共混物。利用电子万能试验机、记忆式冲击试验机、动态热机械分析仪(DMA)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等研究了MXD6/PA6/EPT共混物的力学性能、动态力学性能以及形态结构。结果表明:引入EPT-g-MAH后,MXD6/PA6/EPT共混物的储能模量降低,MXD6的β转变峰增强,但共混体系的力学状态没有发生根本改变;EPT-g-MAH的引入增强了EPT与MXD6两相界面的相互作用,分散相EPT尺寸明显减小,共混体系的相容性得到有效改善,并且共混物呈现出韧性断裂行为,其中当EPT-g-MAH含量为3.6%时,MXD6/PA6/EPT共混物的冲击强度较纯MXD6提高了7.61倍。     

高韧高强聚酮/聚酰胺66共混物的制备与性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚酮（PK）/聚酰胺66（PA66）共混物,通过扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、冲击试验机和电子万能试验机等研究了PK/PA66共混物的形态结构、结晶与力学性能。结果表明,当PA66含量较低时,PA66分散相粒径较小,且分布较均匀,PK/PA66（质量比为80/20）共混物的干态冲击强度达到29.5 kJ/m2,湿态下冲击强度为纯PK的4倍,同时共混物拉伸强度及弯曲模量也明显提高;但当PA66含量较高时,PA66相区尺寸明显增大,PK/PA66共混物的冲击强度呈下降的趋势;PA66的引入会显著降低PK的结晶度。     

PP/PA6/离聚物共混物的结构及力学性能

以乙烯-甲基丙烯酸钠盐离聚物(Surlyn8920)为添加剂,采用双螺杆共混和注塑法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/聚酰胺6(PA6)/Surlyn共混物,然后利用红外光谱测试仪、X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热仪、扫描电子显微镜等对PP/PA6/Surlyn共混物的结构和力学性能进行了表征分析。结果表明,Surlyn与PA6发生络合作用,降低了PP与PA6两相的结晶温度、熔融温度、结晶度和结晶完善程度,使得分散相PA6的尺寸更小,分布更加均匀,明显改善了PP和PA6的界面相容性;当Surlyn的含量为7%(质量分数,下同)时增容效果较好,此时共混物的拉伸强度为40.59 MPa,断裂伸长率为156.3%,冲击强度为4.98 kJ/m~2。     

ABS/PA6共混体系聚集态结构的表征及其与力学性能的关系

以苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)为增容剂,研究了ABS/PA6共混物聚集态结构与力学性能的关系。结果表明:共混顺序的不同,导致了ABS/PA6共混物聚集态结构和力学性能有明显差异,共混物的聚集态结构与宏观力学性能有较好的对应关系,且随着分散相粒径的减小,共混物的拉伸强度与冲击强度都随之增大。     

原位熔融接枝制备POE-g-GMA相容剂及在PA6/POE共混体系中的应用

采用原位熔融接枝法制备了接枝率为0.45%的POE-g-GMA相容剂,并熔融挤出制备了PA6/POE-g-GMA/POE共混物。同时利用DSC、XRD、TG、SEM以及微机控制万能电子试验机测试了共混物的微观结构、热性能及力学性能。结果表明,当POE-g-GMA、POE用量均为10%时,共混体系的结晶温度有所降低,分解峰温度升高,拉伸强度为58.4 MPa,简支梁缺口冲击强度为14.2 kJ/m²。相比纯PA6和PA6/POE的冲击强度分别提升了132.8%、71.1%,拉伸强度小幅降低。自制相容剂可显著降低POE在PA6基体中的分散性,降低POE分散相尺寸,共混物呈现“韧窝”态的韧性断裂特征。     

超韧PA6/ABS合金的制备

以苯乙烯-马来酸酐（SMA）共聚物为增容剂，考察了ABS及SMA的含量对PA6／ABS共混体系的力学性能的影响；并利用SEM研究了PA6／ABS冲击断面的相结构。研究表明：SMA是PA6／ABS共混体系的有效增容剂。随着其含量的增加，分散相ABS粒子的尺寸减小，分散更加均匀，能显著地改善PA6／ABS共混物的冲击、拉伸和弯曲性能。在该共混体系中，ABS含量的增加能够大幅度地提高PA6／ABS共混物的冲击韧性；但当ABS含量超过10％时，将使PA6／ABS共混物的拉伸和弯曲性能明显下降。SMA的添加量为0．5％，且质量比为90／10的PA6／ABS共混体系能保持较好的加工性能，制备的PA6／ABS合金具有最佳的综合力学性能和超高韧性．Izod缺口冲击强度高达1200J／m。     

Ionomer compatibilised PA6/EVA blends: mechanical properties and morphological characterisation

The compatibilisation of PA6/EVA blends with the addition of an ionomer on the mechanical properties and morphology were studied as a function of ionomer concentration with the primary aim of enhancing the impact strength of PA6 by EVA. The level of EVA was kept at 20%, which formed the dispersed phase, and the ionomer content was varied from 0 to 1.6 wt%. It was found that notched Izod impact strength of PA6/EVA/ionomer blends increased with the incorporation of ionomer to about three times of the value for uncompatibilised PA6/EVA blends. Further, it was observed that on incorporation of the ionomer the tensile strength also increased significantly. Analysis of the tensile data using predictive theories indicated an enhanced interaction of the dispersed phase and the matrix. SEM studies of cryogenically fractured surfaces indicated a decrease in dispersed phase domain size with the addition of the ionomer, while the impact fractured surfaces of PA6/EVA blends indicated extensive deformation with the formation of rumples indicating increased interfacial adhesion as compared to PA6/EVA blends. An attempt has been made to evaluate the compatibilising efficiency of ionomer in PA6/EVA blends.     

接枝率对PVC/PA6-g-SMA共混物结构与性能的影响

采用熔融共混方法制备了聚氯乙烯（PVC）与不同接枝率苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA）接枝改性聚酰胺6（PA6-g-SMA）的共混物,研究了PA6-g-SMA接枝率对PVC/PA6-g-SMA共混物力学性能及凝聚态结构的影响。结果表明,接枝率越高,PA6-g-SMA与PVC的相容性越好,在PVC基体中能以更小的相畴均匀分散,对PVC的增韧增强作用越明显;当PA6-g-SMA的接枝率为5.12 %,添加量为15 ％（质量分数,下同）时,共混物的冲击强度为64.7 kJ/m2,拉伸强度为55 MPa。     

PP—g —HMA增容尼龙6／聚丙烯共混物结构与性能研究

采用固相力化学方法制备的聚丙烯接枝羟甲基丙烯酰胺作增容剂，制备了尼龙6／聚丙烯共混物，通过SEM、DSC、流变性能测试和力学性能测试研究了共混物的结构、流变性能和力学性能。 结果表明，当尼龙6体积分数为80％时，增容共混体系中冲击强度出现峰值，达到77J／m，分散相尺寸变小，增容共混体系熔融粘度增加。通过Molau实验和FT－IR分析对增容机理作了初步探讨。     

十八烷基缩水甘油醚的合成及其增容尼龙6/高密度聚乙烯共混体系的研究

利用十八醇和环氧氯丙烷反应合成了十八烷基缩水甘油醚(OGE),并将其作为熔融共混方法中的增容剂,制备了尼龙6(PA6)/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)共混材料。研究了OGE用量对共混物的热性能、结晶行为、形态结构、力学性能及吸水性的影响。结果表明,OGE促进了HDPE在PA6基体中的分散,在保持共混材料吸水率的同时,有效改善了共混物的力学性能,与未加入增容剂的PA6/HDPE共混物相比,OGE含量为2.9%(m/m)时,共混材料的缺口冲击强度、拉伸模量、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度分别提高了12%、33%、95%、6%,拉伸强度基本保持不变,而弯曲模量下降了8%。     

PA6/ABS共混物性能研究

将聚酰胺6（PA6）与市售的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS）树脂共混,制备PA6/ABS共混物。研究了ABS树脂的用量对PA6/ABS共混物力学性能的影响;采用苯乙烯及丙烯腈共聚物（SAN）和ABS粉料熔融共混制得不同胶含量的ABS/SAN共混物。研究了不同胶含量的ABS/SAN共混物对PA6/ABS共混物力学性能的影响。在PA6/ABS/SAN共混物中引入苯乙烯-丙烯腈-马来酸酐共聚（SAM）树脂取代部分SAN树脂,研究了SAM树脂的加入及引入顺序的不同对共混物性能的影响。结果表明, ABS树脂的用量在50%～60%左右时共混物性能最佳。随ABS/SAN共混物胶含量提高,共混物的拉伸强度、弹性模量、弯曲强度和弯曲模量逐渐降低。随SAM树脂替代SAN量增加,共混物的拉伸和弯曲性能先降低后增加。但共混物熔体流动速率降低明显,而SAM树脂的引入顺序对共混物的力学性能影响不大。     

Mechanical properties and morphology of PA6/EVA blends

The mechanical properties of blends of polyamide6 (PA6) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) at a blending composition of 0–50 wt % EVA were studied. The notched Izod impact strength of PA6 increased with the incorporation of EVA, the increase being more than 100% compared to PA6 at 10% EVA. The tensile strength and the tensile modulus of the blends decreased steadily as the weight percent of EVA increased. Analysis of the tensile data using predictive theories indicated the extent of the interaction of the dispersed phase and the matrix up to 20 wt % EVA. SEM studies of the cryogenically fractured surfaces indicated increase in the dispersed phase domain size with EVA concentrations. On the other hand, impact fractured surfaces of PA6/EVA blends indicated debonding of EVA particles, leaving hemispherical bumps, indicating inadequate interfacial adhesion between PA6 and EVA. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1593–1606, 2002     

Compatibilization of PVDF/PA6 Blend by the Addition of a Third Polymer PTFE

The compatibilization of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with polyamide 6(PA6, higher acrylonitrile content) blend was improved by adding poly(methyl methacrylate) (PTFE). It was confirmed by characterizing the mechanical and tribological properties of the blends. More homogeneous morphology was formed when PTFE was added into PVDF/PA6 blend, which was shown in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface tension of blends was increased due to the higher polar surface tension of PTFE. As the content of PTFE was increased further, the tensile strength of the blend was slightly decreased.     

Functionalized elastomeric compatibilizer in PA 6/PP blends and binary interactions between compatibilizer and polymer

Superior impact properties were obtained when maleic anhydride grafted styrene ethylene/butylene styrene block copolymer (SEBS-g-MAH) was used as a compatibilizer in blends of polyamide 6 (PA 6) and isotactic polypropylene (PP), where polyamide was the majority phase and polypropylene the minority phase. The optimum impact properties were achieved when the weight relation PA:PP was 80:20 and 10 wt% SEBS-g-MAH was added. The blend morphology was systematically investigated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the compatibilizer forms a cellular structure in the PA phase in addition to acting as an interfacial agent between the two polymer phases. In this cellular-like morphology the compatibilizer appears to form the continuous phase, while polyamide and polypropylene form separate dispersions. In microscopy, PA appeared as a fine dispersion and PP as a coarse dispersion. The mechanical properties indicated that in fact PA, too, is continuous, and the blend can be interpreted as possessing a modified semi-interpenetrating network (IPN) structure with separate secondary dispersion of PP. The coarser PP dispersion plays an essential role in impact modification. Binary blends of the compatibilizer and one blend component were also investigated separately. The same cellular structure was observed in the binary PA/SEBS-g-MAH blends, and SEBS-g-MAH again appeared to form the continuous phase when the elastomer concentration was at least 10 to 20 wt%. By contrast, in PP/SEBS-g-MAH only conventional dispersion of elastomeric SEBS-g-MAH was observed up to 40 wt% elastomer. Impact strength was improved and the elastic modulus was lowered in both PA/SEBS-g-MAH and PP/SEBS-g-MAH blends when the elastomer content was increased. The changes in modulus indicate that the semi-IPN-like structure is formed in the binary PA/SEBS-g-MAH blends as well as in the ternary structure.     

Microcompounding of organoclay–ABS/PA6 blend‐based nanocomposites

In this study, acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) and polyamide‐6 (PA6) were blended in the presence of an olefin‐based compatibilizer and organoclays. The effects of ABS to PA6 ratio, clay content, and screw speed of the microcompounder were examined by performing morphological (i.e., XRD, SEM, and TEM) and tensile tests. The average aspect ratio of the clay platelets after processing was obtained by applying semiautomatic image analysis method. SEM analysis showed that addition of the compatibilizers to the ABS/PA6 blend system resulted in a decrease in diameter of dispersed phase when one of the phases was continuous. The addition of 5 wt% compatibilizer altered the dispersed morphology to cocontinuous morphology when the weight percentage of ABS was equal to that of PA6. The results of XRD analysis implied that clays were exfoliated in the presence of PA6. It was observed in TEM micrographs that clays were selectively dispersed in PA6 phase. Aspect ratio of the platelets increased as the PA6 content increased. Moduli of the nanocomposites were improved by enriching blend with PA6 and increasing screw speed. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers