蓝色新事

海洋日World Ocean Day世界海洋日暨中国海洋宣传日庆祝大会在锦州举行6月8日是世界海洋日。当日,中国海洋宣传日庆祝大会暨年度海洋人物颁奖仪式在辽宁省锦州市举行。世界海洋日系列活动也在中国沿海各地同步开展。今年世界海洋日中国海洋宣传日主题是"建设海洋强国"。国家海洋局局长刘赐贵在致辞中表示,建设海洋强国,实现城市与海的和谐,必须将海洋生态文明建设放在突出位置,尊重自然、顺应     

洪华生——心系民生福祉，投身海洋事业

洪华生于1984年获得美国罗德岛大学博士学位后即回国,成为中国第一位回国服务的海洋学女博士,现任厦门大学特聘教授、博士生导师,近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室（厦门大学）名誉主任,中国海洋学会名誉理事长;还曾任厦门大学海洋与环境学院首任院长（1996—1999）、中国海洋科学委员会主席（2002—2011）,国际海洋科学委员会副主席（2006—2010）,中国海洋学会副理事长（1995-2010）。     

首届海洋女科学家论坛纪实

作为2012厦门国际海洋周主要活动之一的首届海洋女科学家论坛于11月4日在厦门开幕，此次论坛由中国海洋学会、中国女科技工作者协会共同主办，200余名中国女性海洋科技工作者汇聚一堂，以“蓝色经济，绿色增长中女性科学家的影响力”为主题进行研讨，为女性如何在促进我国海洋科技创新与海洋经济发展中发挥独特优势与积极作用建言献策。     

中国海洋观的变迁

结合海洋观内涵，阐述不同时期中国海洋观的特征；结合世界海洋发展的潮流，联系中国海洋经济发展的实际，强调更新海洋观的必要性，总结了我国新海洋观应该具备的特征。     

关于我国海洋管理体制的探讨

关于我国海洋管理体制的探讨刘喜礼国家海洋局综合管理司１９９６年５月１５日，我国第八届全国人大常委会第１９次会议决定，批准《联合国海洋法公约》。这是我国在海洋管理及海洋法事务方面的一件大事，它将推动中国海洋立法体系完善，加强中国在国际海洋法事务的作用，...     

海洋水域生产力及渔业资源学术讨论会在天津召开

由中国海洋湖沼学会、中国水产学会、国家科委海洋生物分组和天津市水产学会联合召开的海洋水域生产力及渔业资源学术讨论会于1981年11月6—12日在天津召开。 这次学术讨论会是建国以来第一次海洋科学与水产科学联合召开的盛会。参加会议的有国家科委、中国科协、国家水产总局、中国科学院、国家     

加大科技兴海力度,促进水产养殖发展

改革开放以来,我国的水产业发生了巨大的变化。1990年以来,我国的水产品总产量已超过1237万吨,跃居世界第一位。到了1995年,我国的水产品总产量已达2571.2万吨。其中,海水捕捞1026.8万吨,养殖412.3万吨;淡水捕捞137.3万吨,养殖940.8万吨。由此可见,我国水产品产量的增长,主要靠养殖业。     

《中国海沉积物─海水界面化学》──第一部中国海界面化学专著

由中国科学院海洋研究所青年学者来金明同志独立完成的35万字的《中国海沉积物一海水界面化学》专著，将于1997年1月由海洋出版社出版发行。该专著是中国第一部海洋界面化学专著，也是世界上第一部有关中国海沉积物一海水界面化学专著。作为学科交叉新的生长点，海洋沉积物一海水界面化学的研究在国际也不过刀多年的历史，在我国仅有10多年。由于海洋沉积物一海水界面过程参与了海洋中许多复杂的生物地球化学过程，所以已成为当今海洋学研究的热点之一。《中国海沉积物一海水界面化学》是著者及其研究组10年来把当今海洋学研究的前沿领域，…     

海水鱼类人工选育的方法和研究概况

<正>近30多年以来,海水鱼类养殖业迅速发展,养殖面积和规模越来越大,养殖的种类、数量越来越多。2008年,中国海水养殖产量1 340.32万t,占海水产品产量的51.59%,其中,鱼类产量达74.75万t,并保持着增长的态势[1]。但是,作为世界第一水产养殖大国,在每年输出数百万吨水产品的同时,更应     

我国水产品加工业转型升级的路径选择：基于全球价值链的视角

中国水产品出口量自2002年起一直居于世界首位,中国不仅是全球最大的水产养殖国,也是世界唯一一个水产品养殖产量超过捕捞产量的国家。与水产品产量及水产品贸易的迅速发展相比,我国的水产品加工业仍处于初级阶段,尚处于全球价值链的低端。加工技术水平不高及创新能力不强对我国水产品加工业发展的制约逐渐凸显,低附加值的水产品加工模式难以持续支撑我国海洋渔业的高级化发展,成本优势逐渐减弱。我国水产品加工业面临转型升级的巨大压力,而该产业在我国发展的必然性和特殊性又大大增加了其转型升级的难度。全球价值链理论为水产品加工业转型升级提供了新的视角：微观层面,加速水产品加工工艺流程的升级,引导企业专注于高度专业化的细分市场;中观层面,由劳动密集型水产品加工业向技术密集型转变;宏观层面,加快水产品加工业基地建设,引导水产品加工业产业集聚,促进区域协调发展。     

Size-fractionated uranium isotopes in surface waters in the Jiulong Estuary in China

Surface water was collected from the Jiulong Estuary for determination of activity concentrations of uranium isotopes in different size fractions, namely, greater than 53, 10 -53, 2 - 10, 0.4 -2 μm, 10 000 u -0.4 μm and less than 10 000 u fractions by microfihration and cross-flow uhrafiltration technologies. Results indicated that most of the dissolved uranium （ 〈 0.4 μm） exis- ted in the low molecular mass fraction （ 〈 10 000 u）, and the colloidal uranium-238 （10 000 u -0.4 μm） only contributed less than 1% of the dissolved uranium-238. The fractions of colloidal uranium in the dissolved phases decreased with the increasing sa- linity. A positive linear relationship between uranium-238 activities and salinities was observed for the dissolved, colloidal and low molecular mass fractions, indicating a conservative behavior of uranium in the Jiulong Estuary. In the particulate phases （ 〉 0.4 μm）, the partitioning of uranium isotopes among different size fractions was controlled by the partitioning of particle concentrations. In the regions with salinities below 20, the partitioning of uranium-238 among different size fractions was as follows： 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm 〉 0.4 - 2 μm greater than above 53 μm. However, the order at the offshore station with salinities above 30 changed as follows ： 0.4 - 2 μm 〉 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm greater than above 53 μm. The fraction of the 0.4 - 2 μm particles increased at the offshore station, suggesting the increased contribution of the authigenic uranium. The activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phases, including the low molecular mass fraction and the colloidal fraction, was larger than unity, showing the occurrence of excess uranium-234. In contrast, the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in all size fractions of the particulate phase was close to the equilibrium value （1.0）. The observed different values of the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phase and the partic     

夏季珠江口沉积物中营养盐剖面分布和界面交换通量

通过对夏季珠江口区域沉积物间隙水营养盐剖面分析,调查了营养盐含量分布和特征,探讨了有机物的降解特性、营养盐的底部通量估算和作用.结果表明,珠江口沉积物间隙水中营养盐以高含量铵盐为主要的存在形式,沉积物中有机物的降解反应主要在厌氧状态下进行,底部水体铵盐的增加来源于底部沉积物有机质的降解释放,而且对水体的营养盐循环有较大的贡献.     

Recent progress in submarine geosciences in China

In China submarine geosciences represents a newly established discipline of oceanography, focusing on the oceanic lithosphere, and its interface with the hydrosphere and biosphere. Recently, supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program and other high-tech development projects, significant progress has been made in the development of advanced technologies and equipment. This en- ables the scientists in China to carry out explorations of the international seabed area in the Pacific Ocean and on the Southwest Indian Ridge. In addition, they have been active in the research activities associated the mid-ocean ridges and western Pacific marginal seas. It is anticipated that this research field will continue to be highly fruitful in the near future.     

湄洲湾夏季的初级生产力

湄洲湾１９９２年夏季的叶绿素ａ，三磷酸腺苷，碳比积累速率，初级生产力的变化范围和均值分别为０．４５－４．７２，１．４９ｍｇ／ｍ＾３；０．１２－１．０７，０．３１μｇ／ｄｍ＾３；０．０６－０．５８，０．３４ｄ＾－１；０．０７－０．３４，０．２１ｍ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）。叶绿素ａ与三磷酸腺苷之间。初级生产力与碳比积累速率之间均呈正相关关系。叶绿素ａ三磷本能腺苷的比值为４．８，湄洲湾夏季浮游植物的生长受氮不足     

Seasonality in nutrient concentrations in Galveston Bay

In order to investigate factors controlling nutrient cycling in the shallow and turbid coastal ecosystem of Galveston Bay, data from: (1) the Texas Water Commission (TWC) database 1980–1989, and (2) salinity transects in 1989 and 1993 are presented and analyzed. Statistical regression and time-series analysis were carried out on data acquired by TWC between 1980 and 1989, in an attempt to establish seasonally of nutrient and chlorophyll-a (chl.-a.) concentrations in the bay and to determine factors which regulate these concentrations.A strong seasonality was found for phosphorus and chl.-a. in the upper and mid-bay stations. A recurring maximum for phosphate occurred in September and a chl.-a. maximum occurred regularly in March–April. It is hypothesized that benthic regeneration of phosphorus at the end of summer is responsible for the phosphate maximum. The inverse correlation of the partition coefficient (K_d) for phosphate with the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM), coupled to a strong enrichment of phosphate in suspended particles at low SPM concentrations, indicates additional control by geochemical and physical processes such as particle sorting and/or particle-colloid interactions. Nitrate is inversely correlated with salinity at the upper and mid-bay stations, indicating the Trinity River is a major source.Nutrient concentrations in the lower bay (East and West Bay stations) are considerably lower and less predictable, as they are not correlated with salinity or temperature. Data from the 1989 and 1993 transects confirm the yearly maximum in phosphate concentration in late summer months, with peak concentrations in the upper Trinity Bay. It is concluded that despite possible phosphate buffering by physical and geochemical mechanisms, relatively large concentration maxima recur regularly every year during the summer, possibly caused by a benthic source of phosphate.     

中国海洋腹足类分类学研究进展——纪念中国科学院海洋研究所建所70周年

中国科学院海洋研究所建所70年来，在海洋贝类分类学研究领域取得了长足发展与进步，做出一系列开创性研究成果。本文综述了建所以来我所海洋腹足类分类学研究方面的主要进展，概述了取得的主要科研成果，分析了现代腹足类分类学研究的发展趋势以及面临的挑战，并对今后的发展提出了相应对策和建议。     

Mesozooplankton in the Arctic Ocean in summer

The biomass, species and chemical composition of the mesozooplankton and their impact on lower food levels were estimated along a transect across the Arctic Ocean. Mesozooplankton biomass in the upper 200 m of the water column was significantly higher (19–42 mg DW m^-3) than has previously been reported for the Arctic Ocean, and it reached a maximum at ca. 87°N in the Amundsen Basin. The lowest values were recorded in the Chukchi Sea and Nansen Basin, where ice cover was lower (50–80%) than in the central Arctic Ocean. In the deeper strata (200–500 m) of the Canadian and Eurasian Basins, the biomass was always much lower (4.35–16.44 mg DW m^-3). The C/N (g/g) ratio for the mesozooplankton population was high (6.5–8.5) but within the documented range. These high values (when compared to 4.5 at lower latitudes) may be explained by the high lipid content. Mesozooplankton accounted for approximately 40% of the total particulate organic carbon in the upper 100 m of the water column. Mesozooplankton species composition was homogeneous along the transect, consisting mainly of copepods (70–90% of the total number). It was dominated by four large copepod species (Calanus hyperboreus, C. glacialis, C. finmarchicus and Metridia longa), which together accounted for more than 80% of the total biomass. According to measurements of gut pigment and gut turnover rates, the mesozooplankton on average ingested between 6 and 30% of their body carbon per day as phytoplankton. Microzooplankton may have provided an additional source of energy for the mesozooplankton community. These data emphasize the importance of mesozooplankton in the arctic food web and reinforce the idea that the Arctic Ocean should no longer be considered to be a “biological desert”.     

微生物对土壤中镉的固定作用

镉是一种重要的环境污染物,它通过沉淀作用、磷酸肥料的使用等排放到农田中。由于镉具有较高的蒸气压,因此,人为排放的镉大部分来自工业的挥发。排放到大气中的镉通过沉积作用转移到植物、土壤及水体中。在污染的土壤中镉被植物吸收并且在植物体内富集,通过这种机制镉进入了食物链。镉是一种诱导有机体突变的物质,能对动物和人类产生有害影响,并能够抑制植物的光合作用,因此,环境中镉的存在一直被人们所关注。     

海水双壳类受精生物学研究进展

1 研究概况,在海水双壳类中开展的大量受精生物学研究表明,绝大部分的海水双壳类为卵生型,雌雄配子被排放到海水中完成受精。排放的卵子处于第一次减数分裂前期(生发泡期)或中期。精子入卵后,受精卵恢复减数分裂,先后排放出两个极体,形成雌雄原核并最终启动卵裂。