输卵管卵巢脓肿的CT诊断价值

目的 总结分析女性输卵管卵巢脓肿的CT特征，以寻求和探讨鉴别诊断依据及CT诊断的价值。方法 回顾性分析10例输卵管卵巢脓肿患者CT腹盆腔增强扫描资料。结果 10例患者CT均显示附件区厚壁囊性或囊实混合性肿块，肿块外缘模糊毛糙，增强多见脓肿壁呈厚壁分层强化及内部强化分隔。其他伴随的CT表现：子宫骶骨韧带增厚9例，直肠周围、骶前脂肪密度增高模糊9例，显示输卵管扩张积脓或积液的管状结构影6例，宫腔积液4例。CT观察到脓肿与盆腔结构粘连包括：肿块与子宫粘连者9例，与直肠、乙状结肠粘连者4例，与盆腔小肠肠管及盆壁结构广泛粘连3例；显示腹膜增厚伴腹水及右侧输卵管卵巢脓肿伴阑尾炎各2例。结论 CT除了能观察附件区囊实性肿块，还能显示相邻盆腔器官的受累粘连及盆底软组织或筋膜层的炎性浸润，能对附件脓肿做定性和定位诊断，对诊断不清的可疑妇科感染有鉴别价值。     

CT及MR在诊断输卵管卵巢脓肿中的作用

目的：分析输卵管卵巢脓肿（tubo-ovarian abscess,TOA）多层螺旋CT（MSCT）,MR征象,探讨影像技术对输卵管卵巢脓肿的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析22例常规活检证实的输卵管卵巢脓肿患者的MSCT平扫及增强,其中7例行MR检查3例行增强MR扫描的影像学表现。结果：附件区厚壁多房囊性或囊实性混合肿块22例（100%）、附件区有增粗积液或积脓的输卵管管状结构影或腊肠样输卵管征象13例（59%）,子宫直肠脂肪间隙消失、脂肪密度增高、骶骨子宫韧带增厚、盆腔积液17例（77%）,CT及MRI增强扫描病灶囊液均未见强化效应,囊壁呈分层强化,并见水肿带,分隔均匀强化。结论：CT及MR检查在输卵管卵巢脓肿的诊断及病情评估中起了非常重要的作用。     

输卵管卵巢脓肿的低场MR诊断

目的探讨输卵管卵巢脓肿(tuboovarian abscess,TOA)的低场MRI表现及诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的26例TOA患者的MRI资料。结果 26例33个TOA,表现为附件区厚壁囊性或囊实性肿块,边界不清,囊内见多房分隔,肿块呈等长T1、长T2信号,信号欠均匀。其中24个脓肿伴积脓或积液扩张的输卵管管状结构,表现为弯曲长管状、腊肠状、糖葫芦状或曲颈瓶状。增强扫描脓肿实性及分隔部分明显强化,囊壁强化,壁厚2.5~20 mm。脓肿与子宫粘连21例,直肠乙状结肠粘连13例,骶前直肠周围脂肪水肿17例,单侧或双侧子宫骶骨韧带增厚15例,盆腔小肠、肠系膜、大网膜及盆壁结构广泛增厚粘连9例。正确诊断30个(90.9%),误诊卵巢癌1例,卵巢巧克力囊肿2例。结论 TOA具有特征性低场MRI表现。低场MRI是一种较理想的检查方法 ,具有较高的诊断价值。     

多层螺旋CT对输卵管卵巢脓肿及输卵管积水的诊断价值

目的探讨输卵管卵巢脓肿及输卵管积水的多层螺旋CT表现,为提高临床医师对该类疾病的认识提供依据。资料与方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的19例输卵管卵巢脓肿及17例输卵管积水患者的多层螺旋CT特征。结果 36例患者共53侧输卵管病变,CT多平面重组可以很好地显示附件区肿块,管状型39侧,多囊型7侧,单囊型7侧,腔内不全分隔及肿块边缘呈"3"字形切迹为其特征性征象。输卵管卵巢脓肿肿块壁常增厚[(4.5±1.7)mm],增强后明显强化,并可见分层;继发征象包括脓肿周围脂肪密度增高及条索影、与子宫体分界不清,7例子宫圆韧带受压前移,11例骶子宫韧带增厚,5例累及直肠系膜,8例邻近乙状结肠、小肠壁受累增厚,13例子宫直肠陷凹积水。输卵管积水肿块壁薄[(1.4±0.2)mm],增强后强化不明显,1例合并输尿管扩张。结论输卵管卵巢脓肿及输卵管积水具有特征性的CT表现,多层螺旋CT是输卵管卵巢脓肿及输卵管积水较好的检查方法。     

附件脓肿的CT诊断

目的 探讨附件脓肿的CT特征及其诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析26例经手术证实的附件脓肿,分析其CT影像表现.结果 26例附件脓肿中,单侧6例,双侧20例,共46个病灶,其中输卵管脓肿33个病灶,输卵管卵巢脓肿13个病灶.输卵管脓肿的CT征象为输卵管壁增厚,呈管状、囊状或多房囊状扩张,输卵管积脓.输卵管卵巢脓肿多表现为多房囊实性肿块,卵巢脓肿位于中心,外围由输卵管脓肿包绕,脓肿壁呈环形10例,团片状3例,增强扫描脓肿壁呈分层强化.盆腔结缔组织炎21例,表现为盆腔脂肪模糊、密度增高,宫骶韧带增厚,盆腔腹膜炎.输卵管卵巢脓肿与周围结构粘连,其中5例引起肠梗阻,3例引起输尿管积水.子宫内膜炎19例,腹水18例.结论 附件脓肿的CT表现具特征性,掌握其影像特征及其与周围结构的关系,对疾病的及时诊断与治疗非常重要.     

输卵管卵巢脓肿影像学表现及误诊分析

目的：总结输卵管卵巢脓肿的影像学表现,探讨该病影像学诊断价值并分析误诊原因。方法回顾性分析13例术后病理确诊或临床确诊输卵管卵巢脓肿影像学资料,4例行 CT 平扫,9例行 MRI 平扫及增强(其中5例同时行超声检查),并与病理结果对照。结果10例表现为附件区腊肠样病变(其中1例超声误诊为肠梗阻),CT 平扫呈均匀低密度影,MRI 平扫呈长/短 T1长T2信号、部分可见液-液平面形成,增强扫描脓肿壁轻度增厚并明显均匀强化,所有患者表现不同程度腹腔、盆腔积液及周围筋膜增厚;3例表现为单侧附件区厚壁多房囊实性包块(其中2例术前误诊为卵巢肿瘤性病变),增强扫描表现为厚壁及分隔明显强化。结论CT 及 MRI 对腊肠样表现的输卵管卵巢脓肿诊断的特异性及敏感性较高,多能做出定性诊断,对囊实性病灶能清楚显示,但定性诊断困难,误诊率较高。     

输卵管脓肿的CT征象分析及鉴别诊断

目的:探讨输卵管脓肿的CT表现及其临床价值.方法:通过回顾性收集28例输卵管脓肿患者的CT增强图像,分析输卵管的结构及周围毗邻结构征象.结果:85.7％ (24/28)例有明显管状结构,其中25％(6/24)例管壁光整;75％(18/24)管壁增厚,增强见静脉期管壁明显均匀强化.附件区囊实性包块占39.3％ (11/28),肿块外缘模糊毛糙,增强呈实质成分及分隔明显强化,静脉期最明显;75％ (21/28)直肠周围、骶骨前脂肪水肿模糊;96.4％ (27/28)例盆腔积液;3.6％ (1/28)伴有小肠梗阻.结论:CT表现在输卵管脓肿的定性诊断及病情评估中的价值明显.     

卵巢扭转的CT与MRI表现

目的：研究卵巢扭转的临床、CT及MRI特征,以提高其影像诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析经组织病理学证实的30例卵巢扭转患者的临床、CT及MRI资料。结果：30例中28例伴腹痛,12例恶心呕吐,4例发热。左侧11例,右侧18例,双侧1例。单纯性卵巢扭转5例,卵巢不对称性增大,最大径5~15 cm（平均8.6 cm）;余25例卵巢扭转合并卵巢或输卵管肿块,其中成熟囊性畸胎瘤7例,浆液性囊腺瘤3例,黏液性囊腺瘤2例,卵巢纤维瘤1例,卵巢浆液性纤维腺瘤1例,单纯性囊肿合并出血6例,子宫内膜异位囊肿1例,输卵管系膜囊肿2例,输卵管闭塞、积血2例。22例囊性或囊性为主肿块囊壁增厚,19例密度不均。9例卵巢体积增大,CT低密度泡状影位于卵巢外周区域。9例卵巢出血性梗死,CT平扫卵巢实质呈高密度,T₁WI及DWI为高信号。30例中,28例CT或MRI可显示扭转的蒂,23例扭转的蒂或增粗的输卵管呈靶征或鸟嘴样改变;2例扭转的蒂T₁WI及DWI呈高信号。18例行CT或MRI增强扫描中,13例扭转的蒂中见增粗的血管;扭转的卵巢或肿块正常强化2例,强化程度降低6例,无强化10例。卵巢移位15例,子宫向患侧移位17例,附件周围脂肪界面模糊30例,盆腔积液14例。结论：卵巢扭转临床无特异性,但多合并附件良性肿块,若CT或MRI发现蒂扭转可明确诊断,其他间接征象可提供辅助诊断信息。     

卵巢囊性病变的CT诊断

目的 提高CT诊断卵巢囊性病变的正确性。材料与方法 搜集经手术和病理证实的121例共161个卵巢区囊性病变,对其CT表现作回顾性分析。结果 161个病灶中,良性102例134个病灶,恶性19例27个病灶,120个为完全囊性,41个有囊壁结节或实性部分,分别占74.5%和25.5%,其中囊性畸胎瘤21例25个病灶,囊腺瘤18例,均为单个病灶,囊腺癌7例12个病灶,Krukenberg瘤5例7个病灶,内膜异位囊肿31例39个病灶,黄体囊肿8例9个病灶,滤泡囊肿8例9个病灶,浆液或粘液性囊肿11例,中肾管囊肿10例,陈旧性异位妊娠4例,卵巢输卵管脓肿,炎症积水9例13个病灶,其他4例,术前CT诊断准确庞81.8%。结论 卵巢囊性病变种类较多,基本CT表现多类似,但良性病变常为圆形或卵圆形,囊壁薄而规则;恶性病变多为双侧不规则形,囊壁及囊内分隔厚而不规则,结节状,CT在卵巢囊性病变的诊断中有较高价值。     

关于输卵管卵巢脓肿CT诊断特点的探讨研究

目的:总结分析输卵管卵巢脓肿(TOA)的CT表现,着重探讨和剖析其CT特点,以寻求诊断和鉴别诊断的依据。方法:收集12例CT检查后经手术病理或临床证实的TOA。综合临床及手术所见仔细分析CT图像中脓肿本身及继发改变。结果:CT均表现为附件区囊性或囊实性肿块及周围明显渗出水肿,4例呈管状、"腊肠形"或"葫芦状"囊状影,5例囊壁呈分层强化并可见水肿带,全部脓肿与盆腔结构广泛紧密粘连,部分侵及邻近组织器官,1例并结肠低位梗阻,1例合并急性化脓性阑尾炎。CT确诊9例,3例误诊为卵巢癌。结论:附件区"腊肠样形囊性影"、"囊壁明显环状强化并见水肿分层"等为TOA较具特征性的CT表现。综合临床资料及其CT特点能够正确诊断本病,同时对诊断不清的可疑妇科感染有鉴别价值。     

Perirectal inflammatory disease: CT findings

The findings on computed tomographic (CT) scans were reviewed in 42 patients with perirectal inflammatory disease and suspected perirectal abscesses. CT was reliable for use in distinguishing perirectal abscesses from cellulitis and in localizing both supralevator and infralevator abscesses. CT allowed correct diagnosis of 13 surgically proved perirectal abscesses in ten patients, including three with residual abscesses after surgical drainage. In three patients with supralevator abscesses, the abscess was missed on initial surgical exploration. In patients without abscesses, CT was helpful in evaluating the extent of perirectal inflammation; however, it was not possible to determine its cause. The anatomy on CT scans of the pararectal spaces is reviewed, with emphasis on useful anatomic landmarks in the axial plane for distinguishing supralevator from infralevator abscesses.     

CT manifestation in the pararectal area following fast neutron radiotherapy

Sixty-four pelvic CT studies of 38 patients with pelvic malignancies were obtained at various times (21 to 678 days) following fast neutron radiotherapy. Multiple scans (2 to 3) were available in 19 cases. Fractionated neutron radiotherapy was delivered over four to seven weeks to a total dose of 54 Gy to 60 Gy photon equivalent. Radiation-induced changes on CT were symmetrical thickening of the perirectal fascia (87%), widening of the presacral space (82%), and thickening of the walls of the bladder and rectum (21% and 11%, respectively). Serial CT studies showed that these changes became stable after 12 weeks from radiotherapy in 13 of 14 patients (93%). CT manifestations of radiation-induced changes in the pararectal area were rather regular and would be easy to differentiate from local recurrence or secondary disease.     

CT evaluation of gastrointestinal tract perforation

The purpose of this study is to review the computed tomography (CT) appearance of gastrointestinal tract (GI) perforation. Forty-two patients with 10 cases of proximal GI perforation and 32 cases of distal GI perforation were evaluated based on the CT findings of extraluminal air (which was subdivided into the CT-falciform ligament sign crossing the midline and scattered pockets of air), bowel wall thickening (>8 mm in gastroduodenal wall, >3 mm in the small bowel wall, >6 mm in the caliber of the appendix and >5 mm in the colonic wall), associated abscess formation, ascites and adjacent fat stranding. The results were compared using Fisher's Exact Test. Detection of extraluminal air in the upright plain films and CT was analyzed by Z test. Our results showed that CT-falciform ligament sign was more frequent in the proximal GI perforation, while pockets of extraluminal air (excluding the cases accompanying CT-falciform ligament sign), bowel wall thickening and fat stranding were found in higher incidence in distal GI perforation (P<.05). CT detected extraluminal air in more cases than the upright plain films did (69% vs. 19%; Z=4.62>Z(0.01)=2.326). We concluded that CT is a good imaging tool to differentiate the various GI perforations.     

Ileal J pouch: radiologic evaluation in patients with and without postoperative infectious complications

The authors studied the ileograms and computed tomographic (CT) examinations of 18 patients who had undergone surgical construction of an ileal J pouch and ileoanal anastomosis; 10 had developed postoperative infectious complications and eight had not. The initial ileograms obtained 4 weeks postoperatively proved to be unhelpful in predicting future infectious complications, showing abnormalities in only two of 10 patients. Ileography and CT performed at the time of the complications showed abnormalities in eight of nine and nine of 10 patients, respectively. Ileographic abnormalities in patients with abscesses included extravasation of contrast material, extraluminal gas collections, thickening of ileal pouch folds, and extrinsic mass effect on the pouch. CT findings included thickening of the pouch and/or rectal walls, streaky areas of soft-tissue attenuation within the ileal pouch mesentery and perirectal fat, and areas of soft-tissue attenuation or fluid attenuation in the peripouch region. CT was more valuable in depicting the site and extent of abscess formation before surgical or percutaneous drainage.     

肝内胆管脓肿的CT诊断

目的 :探讨肝内胆管脓肿的CT诊断和鉴别诊断。方法 :回顾性分析经临床、病理证实的 2 7例肝内胆管脓肿患者的CT表现及临床资料。结果 :2 7例均可见肝脓肿及胆源性病变表现。肝脓肿CT平扫表现为低密度肿块 ,单发圆形(8例 )、多房或簇状 (9例 )或不规则多发 (10例 ) ,增强扫描示脓肿实质部分明显强化 ,呈“肿块缩小征”6例 ,“周围充血征”8例 ,“簇状征”9例 ,“环靶征”仅 4例。胆源性病变CT表现包括胆管扩张、胆管壁增厚并明显强化 ,胆道积气及胆道结石等。结论 :CT扫描可发现肝脓肿及胆道病变 ,是临床诊断肝内胆管脓肿最可靠的影像学方法。     

Soft-tissue changes after head and neck radiation: CT findings

To identify possible soft-tissue changes of the head and neck after radiation therapy, 102 CT scans from 78 patients with head and neck tumors were reviewed to assess (1) skin thickening, (2) epiglottic thickening, (3) stranding of subcutaneous fat, and (4) stranding of deep cervical fat. Scans were obtained after radiation therapy alone (10 cases), after radiation and surgery (27 cases), after surgery alone (24 cases), or before either surgery or radiation (41 cases). Skin thickening, epiglottic thickening, and stranding of subcutaneous fat were seen more frequently after radiation therapy than before such treatment. However, skin thickening and stranding of subcutaneous fat were sometimes also associated with tumor involvement and/or previous surgery, while epiglottic thickening was only occasionally associated with tumor involvement. Stranding of deep cervical fat was noted with increased frequency after radiation or surgery, but postradiation effects could not be reliably distinguished from postsurgical or tumor effects. We conclude that soft-tissue changes of the head and neck on CT may commonly be associated with previous radiation therapy, but these postradiation effects are not always distinguishable from postsurgical effects or tumor.     

原发性肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤影像学诊断(5例报告及文献复习)

目的探讨原发性肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤(AMM)的CT和MRI诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经组织病理学证实的AMM5例,其中男2例,女3例。4例行CT检查,1例行MRI检查。结果AMM表现明显蕈伞型肿块充满肠腔不伴肠梗阻(n=4),肠壁明显增厚(n=1);2例伴肠周脂肪浸润,其中1例延伸至骶前间隙;4例伴淋巴结转移,其中1例淋巴结直径>3cm。CT平扫示肿块呈稍低密度影,轻度强化1例、中度强化3例;AMM及其转移灶在MRIT1WI均呈高信号,T2WI为低信号。抑脂T1WI能更好地显示病灶范围及转移灶。结论肛门直肠部AMM可表现为腔内较大蕈伞型肿块,虽充满肠腔,但不伴肠梗阻,同时具较大淋巴结转移及明显肠周脂肪浸润。MRI对鉴别黑色素性AMM有提示价值。     

卵巢畸胎瘤的CT表现

目的:研究卵巢畸胎瘤的CT表现,提高CT诊断的准确性。方法:搜集手术病理证实的卵巢畸胎瘤18例共计20个肿瘤,对其CT表现作回顾性分析。结果:18例卵巢畸胎瘤,平均34.2岁,其中良性囊性畸胎瘤18个,恶性未成熟畸胎瘤2个。右侧9个,左侧11个,平均最大直径87mm。17个呈圆形或椭圆形,3个为不规则形。18个见脂质成分存在。18个良性者14个显示壁结节,2个见脂-液平面;2个恶性者密度不均匀。13个见钙化或骨化。本组20个肿瘤平扫CT的敏感度100%,特异度95%,诊断符合率为95%。结论:发生于卵巢的含有脂质成分和钙化或骨化斑者应考虑本病。