Geochronology/geochemistry of the Washan dioritic porphyry associated with Kiruna-type iron ores,Middle-Lower Yangtze River Valley,eastern China: implications for petrogenesis/mineralization

The Early Cretaceous Washan dioritic porphyry is spatially and temporally associated with Kiruna-type iron oxide deposits in the Ningwu basin, Middle-Lower Yangtze River Valley (MLYRV). We present new LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating + zircon Lu–Hf isotopic studies, as well as bulk-rock major + trace element and Sr + Nd isotopic compositions of the porphyry. LA-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon analyses suggest that the pluton formed at 130.8?±?0.9 Ma. Analysed zircon ?_Hf(t) values range from –7.0 to –4.1. The dioritic rocks are significantly enriched in Pb and light rare earth elements, relative to high-field strength elements (Nb + Ti), coupled in the absence of significant Eu anomalies. They exhibit age-corrected ?_Nd(t) (t?=?130 million years) values of??3.5 to??3.9 and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of 0.70553–0.70653. The ore-bearing dioritic porphyry was derived from a parental basaltic liquid that was produced by partial melting of an enriched spinel-facies lherzolite in the Yangtze lithospheric mantle. This basaltic melt underwent a fractionation of plagioclase and clinopyroxene during ascent towards the surface, which led to the relative enrichment of iron in the residual melt. This type of magma was widespread in the MLYRV area but did not generate widespread Fe mineralization. In the Ningwu area, the dioritic magma was modified by minor assimilation of phosphorus-bearing rocks in the Yangtze upper crust. The special crustal characteristics of the Ningwu basin, i.e. phosphorus-rich strata, were likely a crucial factor controlling the formation of Kiruna-type iron oxide deposits.     

长江中下游地区庐(江)-枞(阳)和宁(南京)-芜(湖)盆地内与成矿有关潜火山岩体的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄

庐-枞和宁-芜火山岩盆地是长江中下游地区在中生代发育的一系列断陷型火山岩盆地中规模最大的两个,以发育一套别具特色的橄榄玄粗岩系列火山岩/潜火山岩,并产有丰富的铁矿、硫铁矿及非金属等矿产资源为特征,其中又以玢岩型铁矿最著名。两个盆地内主要的成矿作用(玢岩型铁矿)都与第二旋回(分别为庐-枞盆地的砖桥旋回和宁-芜盆地的大王山旋回)的潜火山岩关系密切,其岩性在庐-枞盆地为正长斑岩,而在宁-芜盆地为辉石闪长玢岩。本文应用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年方法分别对庐-枞盆地内的巴家滩正长斑岩和焦冲正长斑岩以及宁-芜盆地内的阴山辉石闪长玢岩进行了精确的定年。结果表明,巴家滩正长斑岩和焦冲正长斑岩中锆石的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为131.0±1.1Ma和131.5±1.6Ma,阴山辉石闪长玢岩中锆石的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为127.8±1.8Ma。庐-枞和宁-芜盆地(乃至整个长江中下游地区)的火山岩-潜火山岩是在很短的时间内形成的,意味着"突发性的"岩石圈减薄可能是区内岩浆作用和大规模成矿的主要机制。     

宁芜盆地吉山铁矿床辉长闪长玢岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

吉山铁矿床是宁芜火山岩盆地中的重要矿床,矿体主要产于辉长闪长玢岩体内。对吉山辉长闪长玢岩体运用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年技术进行年龄测试,结果为(130.0±1.0) Ma,代表成岩年龄。结合地质事实与前人研究成果,推测吉山铁矿床的成矿时间约为130 Ma或稍后。年代学研究中出现的年龄值(1885±14) Ma,与扬子克拉通的基底年龄值相吻合,暗示宁芜地区可能存在古元古代基底。吉山辉长闪长玢岩成岩及玢岩型铁矿床成矿作用所对应的地球动力学背景为中生代发生的中国东部岩石圈大规模减薄事件。     

Geochemistry, U-Pb Geochronology and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopes of the Early Cretaceous Volcanic Rocks in the Northern Da Hinggan Mountains

Whole-rock geochemical, zircon U-Pb geochronological and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic data are presented for the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks from the northern Da Hinggan Mountains. The volcanic rocks generally display high SiO2(73.19–77.68 wt%) and Na2O+K2O(6.53–8.98 wt%) contents, with enrichment in Rb, Th, U, Pb and LREE, and depletion in Nb, Ta, P and Ti. Three rhyolite samples, one rhyolite porphyry sample, and one volcanic breccia sample yield weighted mean 206Pb/238 U ages of 135.1±1.2 Ma, 116.5±1.1 Ma, 121.9±1.0 Ma, 118.1±0.9 Ma and 116.9±1.4 Ma, respectively. All these rocks have moderate(87Sr/86Sr)i values of 0.704912 to 0.705896, slightly negative εNd(t) values of –1.4 to –0.1, and positive εHf(t) values of 3.7 to 8. Their zircon Hf and whole-rock Nd isotopic model ages range from 594 to 1024 Ma. These results suggest that the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks were originated from melting of subducted oceanic crust and associated sediments during the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean.     

Magmatic‐Hydrothermal Mineralization Sequence in Xinlu Ore Field,Guangxi, South China: Constraints from Zircon U‐Pb,Molybdenite Re‐Os,and Muscovite Ar‐Ar Dating

The Xinlu Sn‐polymetallic ore field is located in the western Nanling Polymetallic Belt in northeastern Guangxi, South China, where a number of typical skarn‐, hydrothermal vein‐type tin deposits have developed. There are two types of Sn deposits: skarn‐type and sulfide‐quartz vein‐type. The tin mineralizations mainly occur on the south side of the Guposhan granitic complex pluton and within its outer contact zone. To constrain the Sn mineralization age and further understand its genetic links to the Guposhan granitic complex, a series of geochronological works has been conducted at the Liuheao deposit of the ore field using high‐precision zircon SHRIMP U‐Pb, molybdenite Re‐Os, and muscovite Ar‐Ar dating methods. The results show that the biotite‐monzogranite, which is part of the Xinlu intrusive unit of the Guposhan complex pluton, has a SHRIMP U‐Pb zircon age of 161.0 ± 1.5 Ma. The skarn‐type ore has a ⁴⁰Ar‐³⁹Ar muscovite plateau age of 160 ± 2 Ma (same as its isochron age), and the sulfide‐quartz vein‐type ore yields an Re‐Os molybdenite isochron age of 154.4 ± 3.5 Ma. The magmatic‐hydrothermal geochronological sequence demonstrated that the hydrothermal mineralization took place immediately following the emplacement of the monzogranite, with the skarn metasomatic mineralization stage predating the sulfide mineralization stage. Geochronologically, we have compared this ore field with 26 typical Sn deposits distributed along the Nanling Polymetallic Belt, leading to the suggestion of the magmatic‐metallogenic processes in the Xinlu ore field (ca. 161–154 Ma) as a component of the Early Yanshanian large‐scale Sn‐polymetallic mineralization event (peaked at 160–150 Ma) in the Nanling Range of South China. Petrogenesis of Sn‐producing granite and Sn‐polymetallic mineralization were probably caused by crust–mantle interaction as a result of significant lithospheric extension and thinning in South China in the Late Jurassic.     

Geology,geochemistry and genesis of the Makou magnetite-apatite deposit in the Luzong volcanic basin,Middle-Lower Yangtze River Valley Metallogenic Belt,Eastern China

The Middle-Lower Yangtze River Valley Metallogenic Belt (MLYB) is located on the northern margin of the Yangtze Plate (Eastern China). Ore deposits in the belt are mainly clustered in seven ore districts, and are closely associated with Mesozoic intermediate-felsic magmatic rock. Among the seven ore districts, the Luzong and Ningwu districts host large-scale iron resources in volcanic basins. The Makou magnetite-apatite deposit in the southern Luzong Basin was previously interpreted to be related to a quartz syenite porphyry. In this study, we conducted field geological studies and determined the age and geochemistry of the Makou intrusive rocks. Petrography and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) indicated that the Makou ore-hosting rocks have intense albite alteration. The wallrock alteration is spatially restricted, and comprises albite alteration (Stage I), magnetite mineralization (Stage II), quartz-sulfide alteration (Stage III) and carbonate alteration (Stage IV) stages. Fluid inclusions in syn-mineralization apatite homogenized at 252.2–322.6 °C, which slightly lower than is typical for magnetite-apatite deposits in the region. Field study revealed that the quartz syenite porphyry at Makou disrupted the orebodies along clear-cut intrusive contacts, and that the quartz syenite porphyry does not contain iron mineralization, suggesting it has no direct genetic relationship with the iron mineralization. The ore-hosting albitite and ore-forming biotite diorite have LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages of 129.6 ± 1.2 Ma and 131.2 ± 3.3 Ma, respectively, and the iron mineralization was dated by mass spectrometer phlogopite ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar at 130.76 ± 0.77 Ma. We propose that the Makou magnetite-apatite deposit is genetically related to the biotite diorite, rather than to the quartz syenite porphyry in the mine pit. The biotite diorite closely resembles intrusions related to magnetite-apatite deposits elsewhere in the region.     

Origin of the Yinshan epithermal-porphyry Cu–Au–Pb–Zn–Ag deposit,southeastern China: insights from geochemistry,Sr–Nd and zircon U–Pb–Hf–O isotopes

The Yinshan deposit is a large epithermal-porphyry polymetallic deposit, and the timing and petrogenesis of ore-hosting porphyries have been hotly debated. We present new results from geochemical, whole-rock Sr–Nd and zircon U–Pb–Hf–O isotopic investigations. Zircon U–Pb data demonstrate that the quartz porphyry, dacitic porphyry, and quartz dioritic porphyry formed at ?172.2 ± 0.4 Ma, ?171.7 ± 0.5 Ma, and ?170.9 ± 0.3 Ma, respectively. Inherited zircon cores show significant age spreads from ?730 to ?1390 Ma. Geochemically, they are high-K calc-alkaline or shoshonitic rocks with arc-like trace element patterns. They have similar whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf isotopic compositions, yet an increasing trend in ?_Nd(t) and ?_Hf(t) values typifies the suite. Older (inherited) zircons of the three porphyries display Hf compositions comparable to those of the Jiangnan Orogen basement rocks. In situ zircon oxygen isotopic analyses reveal that they have similar oxygen isotopic compositions, which are close to those of mantle zircons. Moreover, a decreasing trend of δ¹⁸O values is present. We propose that the ore-related porphyries of the Yinshan deposit were emplaced contemporaneously and derived from partial melting of Neoproterozoic arc-derived mafic (or ultra-mafic) rocks. Modelling suggests that the quartz porphyries, dacitic porphyries, and quartz dioritic porphyries experienced ?25%, ?10%, and ?10% crustal contaminations by Shuangqiaoshan rocks. Our study provides important constraints on mantle–crust interaction in the genesis of polymetallic mineralization associated with Mesozoic magmatism in southeastern China.     

Geochronology and geochemistry of high‐pressure granulites of the Arthur River Complex,Fiordland, New Zealand: Cretaceous magmatism and metamorphism on the palaeo‐Pacific Margin

The Arthur River Complex is a suite of gabbroic to dioritic orthogneisses in northern Fiordland, New Zealand. The Arthur River Complex separates rocks of the Median Tectonic Zone, a Mesozoic island arc complex, from Palaeozoic rocks of the palaeo‐Pacific Gondwana margin, and is itself intruded by the Western Fiordland Orthogneiss. New SHRIMP U/Pb single zircon data are presented for magmatic, metamorphic and deformation events in the Arthur River Complex and adjacent rocks from northern Fiordland. The Arthur River Complex orthogneisses and dykes are dominated by magmatic zircon dated at 136–129 Ma. A dioritic orthogneiss that occurs along the eastern margin of the Complex is dated at 154.4 ± 3.6 Ma and predates adjacent plutons of the Median Tectonic Zone. Rims on zircon cores from this sample record a thermal event at c. 120 Ma, attributed to the emplacement of the Western Fiordland Orthogneiss. Migmatitic Palaeozoic orthogneiss from the Arthur River Complex (346 ± 6 Ma) is interpreted as deformed wall rock. Very fine rims (5–20 µm) also indicate a metamorphic age of c. 120–110 Ma. A post‐tectonic pegmatite (81.8 ± 1.8 Ma) may be related to phases of crustal extension associated with the opening of the Tasman Sea. The Arthur River Complex is interpreted as a batholith, emplaced at mid‐crustal levels and then buried to deep crustal levels due to convergence of the Median Tectonic Zone arc and the continental margin.     

Autochthonous inheritance of zircon through Cretaceous partial melting of Carboniferous plutons: the Arthur River Complex,Fiordland, New Zealand

TIMS and SHRIMP U–Pb analyses of zircons from Milford Orthogneiss metadiorite (P = 1–1.4 GPa; T ≥ 750°C) of the Arthur River Complex of northern Fiordland reveal a bimodal age pattern. Zircons are predominantly either Paleozoic (357.0 ± 4.2 Ma) and prismatic with oscillatory zoning, or Cretaceous (133.9 ± 1.8 Ma) and ovoid with sector or patchy zoning. The younger age component is not observed overgrowing older grains. Most grains of both ages are overgrown by younger Cretaceous (~120 Ma) metamorphic zircon with very low U and Th/U (0.01). We interpret the bimodal ages as indicating initial igneous emplacement and crystallisation of a dioritic protolith pluton at ~357 Ma, followed by Early Cretaceous granulite-facies metamorphism at ~134 Ma, during which a significant fraction (~60%) of the zircon grains dissolved, and subsequently reprecipitated, effectively in situ, in partial melt pockets. The remaining ~40% of original Paleozoic grains were apparently not in contact with the partial melt, remained intact, and show only slight degrees of Pb loss. Sector zoning of the Cretaceous grains discounts their origin by solid state recrystallisation of Paleozoic grains. The alternative explanation—that the Paleozoic component represents a 40% inherited component in an Early Cretaceous transgressive dioritic magma—is considered less likely given the relatively high solubility of zircon in magma of this composition, the absence of 134 Ma overgrowths, the single discrete age of the older component, equivalent time-integrated ¹⁷⁷Hf/¹⁷⁶Hf compositions of both age groups, and the absence of the Cambrian-Proterozoic detrital zircon that dominates regional Cambro-Ordovician metasedimentary populations. Similar bimodal Carboniferous-Early Cretaceous age distributions are characteristic of the wider Arthur River Complex; 8 of 12 previously dated dioritic samples have a Paleozoic component averaging 51%. Furthermore, the age and chemical suite affinity of these and several more felsic rocks can be matched with those of the relatively unmetamorphosed Carboniferous plutonic terrane along the strike of the Mesozoic margin in southern Fiordland, also supporting the in situ derivation of the Carboniferous “inherited” component.     

Petrogenesis of Cretaceous igneous rocks from the Duolong porphyry Cu–Au deposit,central Tibet: evidence from zircon U–Pb geochronology,petrochemistry and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotope characteristics

The Duolong porphyry Cu–Au deposit (5.4 Mt at 0.72% Cu, 41 t at 0.23 g/t Au) was recently discovered in the southern Qiangtang terrane, central Tibet. Here, new whole‐rock elemental and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope and zircon Hf isotopic data of syn‐ and post‐ore volcanic rocks and barren and ore‐bearing granodiorite porphyries are presented for a reconstruction of magmas associated with Cu–Au mineralization. LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb dating yields mean ages of 117.0 ± 2.0 and 120.9 ± 1.7 Ma for ore‐bearing granodiorite porphyry and 105.2 ± 1.3 Ma for post‐ore basaltic andesite. All the samples show high‐K calc‐alkaline compositions, with enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREE) and large ion lithophile elements (LILE: Cs and Rb) and depletion of high field strength elements (HFSE: Nb and Ti), consistent with the geochemical characteristics of arc‐type magmas. Syn‐ and post‐ore volcanic rocks show initial Sr ratios of 0.7045–0.7055, ε_Nd(t) values of −0.8 to 3.6, (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_t ratios of 18.408–18.642, (²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_t of 15.584–15.672 and positive zircon ε_Hf(t) values of 1.3–10.5, likely suggesting they dominantly were derived from metasomatized mantle wedge and contaminated by southern Qiangtang crust. Compared to mafic volcanic rocks, barren and ore‐bearing granodiorite porphyries have relatively high initial Sr isotopic ratios (0.7054–0.7072), low ε_Nd(t) values (−1.7 to −4.0), similar Pb and enriched zircon Hf isotopic compositions [ε_Hf(t) of 1.5–9.7], possibly suggesting more contribution from southern Qiangtang crust. Duolong volcanic rocks and granodiorite porphyries likely formed in a continental arc setting during northward subduction of the Bangong–Nujiang ocean and evolved at the base of the lower crust by MASH (melting, assimilation, storage and homogenization) processes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

安徽宁芜地区铁氧化物-磷灰石矿床中金云母Ar-Ar定年及其地球动力学意义

铁氧化物-磷灰石型铁矿床是长江中下游成矿带的重要组成部分,对其成岩成矿时限的精确厘定,是理解长江中下游地区中生代大规模成矿作用的动力学演化的关键。本文分别对宁芜盆地南部白象山、和睦山及中部的陶村三个大-中型铁矿床中与磁铁矿密切共生的金云母单矿物进行了Ar-Ar同位素测年,获得白象山矿床金云母Ar-Ar坪年龄为134.9±1.1Ma,对应的反等时线年龄为133±2Ma;和睦山矿床金云母Ar-Ar坪年龄为132.9±1.1Ma,对应的反等时线年龄为133.9±2.4Ma;陶村矿床金云母的反等时线年龄为128±14Ma。该区铁氧化物-磷灰石型矿床与该区火山-次火山岩具有密切的时间联系,成岩成矿时限主要集中于135～126Ma。综合研究表明,长江中下游第二期成岩成矿作用的时限为135～126Ma,对应于岩石圈的大规模快速减薄的地球动力学背景。     

苏-查萤石矿区钾长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP年龄 及其地质意义

内蒙古苏-查萤石矿区是全球范围内最大的单一萤石矿区。萤石矿体大多呈似层状和透镜体状在下二叠统火山-沉积岩地层内产出, 并且与显生宙花岗岩类侵入岩体具有密切时空分布关系, 其中部分矿体直接出现在敖包吐花岗岩株中。本次研究主要对敖包吐岩株钾长花岗岩进行了锆石SHRIMP铀-铅同位素年龄测定, 所获同位素年龄值为(138±4)Ma, MSWD值为2.3, 属中生代燕山期。根据上述同位素年代学数值, 同时结合其他地质与地球化学证据, 可以推测, 中生代时期, 受古板块内部构造应力调整作用影响, 苏-查萤石矿区及东西两侧曾发生过强烈构造-岩浆活动, 并且形成有敖包吐花岗岩株及相关的萤石矿床。中生代燕山期花岗岩类岩浆活动不仅为萤石矿床的形成提供了物质、动力和热力来源, 而且是成矿流体对流循环的“发动机”。对比分析结果表明, 敖包吐岩体的形成时间与华北陆台中东段许多含矿花岗岩体的成岩时代大体相似, 它们很可能是地壳演化特定阶段混源(壳、幔源)岩浆活动的产物。     

Chronology and Crust-Mantle Mixing of Ore-forming Porphyry of the Bangongco: Evidence from Zircon U-Pb Age and Hf Isotopes of the Naruo Porphyry Copper-Gold Deposit

The Naruo porphyry copper-gold deposit(hereinafter referred to as the Naruo deposit) in Tibet is a potentially ultra-large, typical gold-rich porphyry copper deposit, which was recently discovered in the Bangongco-Nujiang metallogenic belt. This study analyzed U-Pb chronology and Hf isotopes of the ore-bearing granodiorite porphyry in the Naruo deposit using the LA-ICPMS dating technique. The results show that the weighted average age is 124.03±0.94Ma(MSWD=1.7, n=20), and 206Pb/238 U isochron age is 126.2±2.7 Ma(MSWD=1.02, n=20), both of which are within the error. The weighted average age represents the crystallization age of the granodiorite porphyry, which indicates that the ore-bearing porphyry in the Naruo deposit area was formed in the Early Cretaceous and further implies that the Neo-tethys Ocean had not been closed before 124 Ma under a typical island-arc subduction environment. The εHf(t) of zircons from the granodiorite porphyry varies from 2.14 to 9.07, with an average of 5.18, and all zircons have εHf(t) values greater than 0; 176Hf/177 Hf ratio is relatively high(0.282725–0.282986). Combined with the zircon age―Hf isotope correlation diagram, the aforementioned data indicate that the source reservoir might be a region that is mixed with depleted mantle and ancient crust, which possibly contains more materials sourced from depleted mantle. Rock-forming ages and ore-forming ages of the Duolong ore concentrate area are 120–124 Ma and 118–119 Ma, respectively, which indicate 124–118 Ma represents the main rockforming and ore-forming stage within the area. The Naruo deposit is located in the north of the Bangongco-Nujiang suture, and it yielded a zircon LA-ICPMS age of 124.03 Ma. This indicates the Bangongco-Nujiang oceanic basin subducted towards the north at about 124 Ma, and the Neo-tethys Ocean had not been closed before the middle Early Cretaceous. It is possible that the crust-mantle mixing formed the series of large and giant porphyry copper-gold deposits in the Bangongco.     

Lithogeochemical,Re–Os and U–Pb Geochronological,Hf–Lu and S–Pb Isotope Data of the Ga'erqiong‐Galale Cu–Au Ore‐Concentrated Area: Evidence for the Late Cretaceous Magmatism and Metallogenic Event in the Bangong‐Nujiang Suture Zone,Northwestern Tibet,China

The Ga'erqiong‐Galale skarn–porphyry copper–gold ore‐concentrated area is located in the western part of the Bangong‐Nujiang suture zone north of the Lhasa Terrane. This paper conducted a systematic study on the magmatism and metallogenic effect in the ore‐concentrated area using techniques of isotopic geochronology, isotopic geochemistry and lithogeochemistry. According to the results, the crystallization age of quartz diorite (ore‐forming mother rock) in the Ga'erqiong deposit is 87.1 ± 0.4 Ma, which is later than the age of granodiorite (ore‐forming mother rock) in the Galale deposit (88.1 ± 1.0 Ma). The crystallization age of granite porphyry (GE granite porphyry) in the Ga'erqiong deposit is 83.2 ± 0.7 Ma, which is later than the age of granite porphyry (GL granite porphyry) in the Galale deposit (84.7 ± 0.8 Ma).The quartz diorite, granodiorite, GE granite porphyry and GL granite porphyry both main shows positive ε_Hf(t) values, suggesting that the magmatic source of the main intrusions in the ore‐concentrated area has the characteristics of mantle source region. The Re–Os isochron age of molybdenite in the Ga'erqiong district is 86.9 ± 0.5 Ma, which is later than the mineralization age of the Galale district (88.6 ± 0.6 Ma). The main intrusive rocks in the ore‐concentrated area have similar lithogeochemical characteristics, for they both show the relative enrichment in large‐ion lithophile elements(LILE: Rb, Ba, K, etc.), more mobile highly incompatible lithophile elements(HILE: U, Th) and relatively depleted in high field strength elements (HFSE: Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, etc.), and show the characteristics of magmatic arc. The studies on the metal sulfides' S and Pb isotopes and Re content of molybdenite indicate that the metallogenic materials of the deposits in the ore‐concentrated area mainly come from the mantle source with minor crustal source contamination. Based on the regional tectonic evolution process, this paper points out that the Ga'erqiong‐Galale copper–gold ore‐concentrated area is the typical product of the Late Cretaceous magmatism and metallogenic event in the collision stage of the Bangong‐Nujiang suture zone.     

Ore Genesis of the Lunwei Granite‐Related Scheelite Deposit in the Wuyi Metallogenic Belt,Southeast China: Constraints from Geochronology,Fluid Inclusions,and H–O–S Isotopes

A granite‐related scheelite deposit has been recently discovered in the Wuyi metallogenic belt of southeast China. The veinlet–disseminated scheelite occurs mainly in the inner and outer contact zones of the porphyritic biotite granite, spatially associated with potassic feldspathization and silicification. Re–Os dating of molybdenite intergrowths with scheelite yield a well‐constrained isochron age of 170.4 ± 1.2 Ma, coeval with the LA–MC–ICP–MS concordant zircon age of porphyritic biotite granite (167.6 ± 2.2 Ma), indicating that the Lunwei W deposit was formed in the Middle Jurassic (~170 Ma). We identify three stages of ore formation (from early to late): (I) the quartz–K‐feldspar–scheelite stage; (II) the quartz–polymetallic sulfide stage; and (III) the quartz–carbonate stage. Based on petrographic observations and microthermometric criteria, the fluid inclusions in the scheelite and quartz are determined to be mainly aqueous two‐phase (liquid‐rich and gas‐rich) fluid inclusions, with minor gas‐pure and CO₂‐bearing fluid inclusions. Ore‐forming fluids in the Lunwei W deposit show a successive decrease in temperature and salinity from Stage I to Stage III. The homogenization temperature decreases from an average of 299 °C in Stage I, through 251 °C in Stage II, to 212 °C in Stage III, with a corresponding change in salinity from an average of 5.8 wt.%, through 5.2 wt.%, to 3.4 wt.%. The ore‐forming fluids have intermediate to low temperatures and low salinities, belonging to the H₂O–NaCl ± CO₂ system. The δ¹⁸O_H2O values vary from 1.8‰ to 3.3‰, and the δD_V‐SMOW values vary from –66‰ to –76‰, suggesting that the ore‐forming fluid was primarily of magmatic water mixed with various amounts of meteoric water. Sulfur isotope compositions of sulfides (δ³⁴S ranging from –1.1‰ to +2.4‰) and Re contents in molybdenite (1.45–19.25 µg/g, mean of 8.97 µg/g) indicate that the ore‐forming materials originated mainly in the crust. The primary mechanism for mineral deposition in the Lunwei W deposit was a decrease in temperature and the mixing of magmatic and meteoric water. The Lunwei deposit can be classified as a porphyry‐type scheelite deposit and is a product of widespread tungsten mineralization in South China. We summarize the geological characteristics of typical W deposits (the Xingluokeng, Shangfang, and Lunwei deposits) in the Wuyi metallogenic belt and suggest that porphyry and skarn scheelite deposits should be considered the principal exploration targets in this area.     

Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Tinggong Porphyry Copper Ore Deposit,Tibet

We have determined the ages of the ore-bearing Tinggong porphyries and the Eocene granites using the LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb method. Zircons from one adamellite porphyry and two diorite porphyries yield ages of 15.54±0.28 Ma, 15.02±0.25 Ma and 14.74±0.22 Ma, respectively. The ages of two granites are 50.48±0.71 Ma and 50.16±0.48 Ma. Light Rare Earth Elements(LREE) are enriched in the ore-bearing adamellite porphyries, which are high-K calc-alkaline and metaluminous, while Heavy Rare Earth Elements(HREE) and Y are strongly depleted, indicating an adakitic affinity. The Large Ion Lithophile Elements(LILE) of the adamellite porphyries are highly enriched, whereas some High Field Strength Elements(HFSE) are depleted. The diorite porphyry in this study is chemically similar to the adamellite porphyries, except that the Mg# of the diorite porphyry is a little higher, demonstrating more mantle contamination. Four samples from different rocks are selected for in situ zircon Hf isotopic analyses. The samples show positive εHf(t) values and young Hf model ages, indicating their derivation from juvenile crust. However, the adamellite porphyry and diorite porphyry formed in the Miocene exhibit more heterogeneous Hf isotopic ratios, with lower εHf(t) values than the granites formed in the Eocene, suggesting the involvement of old Indian continent crust in their petrogenesis. The geochronology and geochemistry of the adamellite porphyries and the diorite porphyries indicate that they formed from the same source region in a post-collisional environment, but contaminated by crust and mantle materials in different ratios. The metallic minerals formed mainly during the older adamellite porphyry stage, but they were recycled and reactivated by the diorite porphyry intrusion.     

安徽庐枞盆地泥河铁矿床年代学研究及其意义

庐枞盆地位于长江中下游断陷带内,地处扬子板块北缘,是长江中下游成矿带中重要的铁铜多金属成矿区。庐枞盆地内火山岩和侵入岩分布广泛,包括龙门院、砖桥、双庙和浮山4组火山岩以及34个出露地表的侵入岩体。泥河铁矿床是盆地西北部新勘探发现的大型铁矿床,其精确的成岩成矿时代及其形成构造背景研究仍十分薄弱。本次工作在详细野外地质工作的基础上,系统开展了泥河铁矿床成岩成矿年代学研究,通过对岩浆岩锆石LA ICP-MS和金云母40Ar-39Ar定年方法,确定矿区中的辉石闪长玢岩、正长斑岩和粗安斑岩的成岩时代分别为132.4±1.5Ma、129.4±2.0Ma和134.3±1.2Ma,成矿时代为130.9±2.6Ma。矿床地质特征表明辉石闪长玢岩是成矿母岩,粗安斑岩形成于成矿作用之前,正长斑岩为成矿期后形成的脉岩,穿切火山岩地层和矿体。上述定年结果与地质事实吻合,表明泥河铁矿床的成岩成矿作用几乎同时发生。通过与庐枞盆地和区域成岩成矿时代对比,认为盆地内玢岩型铁矿床集中形成于130Ma左右,是长江中下游成矿第二期成矿作用活动的产物,庐枞盆地内130Ma左右的辉石闪长玢岩侵入体是寻找泥河式玢岩型铁矿床的勘探靶区。     

Timing and Processes of Ore Formation in the Qingchengzi Polymetallic Orefield, Northeast China: Evidence from 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology

The Qingchengzi orefield is a large polymetallic ore concentration area in the Liaodong peninsula,northeastern China,that includes twelve Pb-Zn deposits and five Au-Ag deposits along its periphery.The ore-forming age remains much disputed,which prevents the identification of the relationship between the mineralization and the associated magmatism.In this paper,we quantitatively present the feasibility of making ore mineral ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar dating and report reliable ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar ages of lamprophyre groundmass,K-feldspar and sphalerite from the Zhenzigou deposit.Direct and indirect methods are applied to constrain the timing of mineralization,which plays a vital role in discussing the contribution of multistage magmatism to ore formation.The low-potassium sphalerite yielded an inverse isochron age of 232.8±41.5 Ma,which features a relatively large uncertainty.Two lamprophyre groundmasses got reliable inverse isochron ages of 193.2±1.3 Ma and 152.3±1.5 Ma,respectively.K-feldspar yielded a precise inverse isochron age of 134.9±0.9 Ma.These four ages indicate that the mineralization is closely associated with Mesozoic magmatism.Consequently,regarding the cooling age of the earliest Mesozoic Shuangdinggou intrusion(224.2±1.2 Ma)as the initial time of mineralization,we can further constrain the age of the sphalerite to 224–191 Ma.These new and existing geochronological data,combined with the interaction cutting or symbiotic relationship between the lamprophyre veins and ore veins,suggest that the Pb-Zn-Au-Ag mineralization in the Qingchengzi orefield mainly occurred during three periods:the late Triassic(ca.224–193 Ma),the late Jurassic(ca.167–152 Ma)and the early Cretaceous(ca.138–134 Ma).This polymetallic deposits are shown to have been formed during multiple events coinciding with periods of the Mesozoic magmatic activity.In contrast,the Proterozoic magmatism and submarine exhalative and hydrothermal sedimentation in the Liaolaomo paleorift served mainly to transport and concentrate the ore-forming substances at the Liaohe Group with no associated Pb-Zn-Au-Ag mineralization.     

基于重磁联合反演的宁芜盆地钟姑矿田深部地质结构解析及成矿预测

宁芜盆地是长江中下游成矿带中重要的金属矿集区之一,以中生代火山岩和铁矿床广泛发育为特征。近年来,随着找矿深度的不断加深,深部找矿的难度不断加大,成本越来越高,急需利用地球物理方法推断深部地质构造,为深部找矿提供依据,以减少勘探风险。为了解宁芜盆地南段钟姑矿田的深部构造、岩体、地层的空间展布,本文基于区域重磁数据,并以地表地质、钻孔地质等信息为约束,开展深部地质结构的反演研究,厘定了地层及岩体的展布,并结合已知矿床的重磁组合方式和控矿地质要素,基于重磁反演结果在钟姑矿田内圈定了两处有利靶区,为下一步找矿工作提供参考。     

Low Temperature History of the Tiegelongnan Porphyry–Epithermal Cu (Au) Deposit in the Duolong Ore District of Northwest Tibet,China

The Tiegelongnan is the first discovered porphyry–epithermal Cu (Au) deposit of the Duolong ore district in Tibet, China. In order to constrain the thermal history of this economically valuable deposit and the rocks that host it, eight samples were collected to perform a low‐temperature thermochronology analysis including apatite fission track, apatite, and zircon (U‐Th)/He. Apatite fission track ages of all samples are between 34 ± 3 and 67 ± 5 Ma. Mean apatite (U‐Th)/He ages show wide distribution, ranging from 29.3 ± 2.5 to 56.4 ± 9.1 Ma. Mean zircon (U‐Th)/He ages range from 79.5 ± 12.0 to 97.9 ± 4.4 Ma. The exhumation rate of the Tiegelongnan deposit was 0.086 km m.y.^?1 between 98 and 47 Ma and decreased to 0.039 km m.y.^?1 since 47 Ma. The mineralized intrusion was emplaced at a depth of about 1400 m in the Tiegelongnan deposit. Six cooling stages were determined through HeFTy software according to low‐temperature thermochronology and geochronology data: (i) fast cooling stage between 120 and 117 Ma, (ii) fast cooling stage between 117 and 100 Ma, (iii) slow cooling stage between100 and 80 Ma, (iv) fast cooling stage between 80 and 45 Ma, (v) slow cooling stage between 45 and 30 Ma, and (vi) slow cooling stage (<30 Ma). Cooling stages between 120 and 100 Ma are mainly caused by magmatic–hydrothermal evolution, whereas cooling stages after 100 Ma are mainly caused by low‐temperature thermal–tectonic evolution. The Bangong–Nujiang Ocean subduction led to the formation of the Tiegelongnan ore deposit, which was buried by the Meiriqiecuo Formation andesite lava and thrust nappe structure; then, the Tiegelongnan deposit experienced uplift and exhumation caused by the India–Asia collision.