一种“北斗”三号精密单点定位的三频模糊度解算方法

精密单点定位(Precise Point Positioning, PPP)利用接收机收到的载波相位测量值进行定位,载波相位整周模糊度的固定影响着PPP的收敛速度和定位精度。采用B2a信号替代B2I信号,与B1I、B3I组成三频信号观测值组合,在此基础上对传统Boot-strapping方法加以改进,提出了一种改进的三频模糊度解算方法。该方法采用了超宽巷-超宽巷-宽巷-窄巷的解算策略,通过比较选择波长较长、电离层延迟较小、测量噪声较小的三频观测值组合,分别用于解算超宽巷组合、宽巷组合和窄巷组合的模糊度。当电离层延迟无法忽略时,所提方法通过引入额外的伪距观测量来消除在解算组合模糊度的过程中出现的电离层参数和几何参数的影响。实验表明,所提方法与传统方法在完成一次模糊度解算的时间上相差无几,但是相比于传统方法,所提方法具有更高的模糊度解算成功率。     

GPS民用双频的载波相位测量定位

运用全球定位系统(GPS)进行定位导航,已在全球众多领域中得到了广泛的应用。在运用这种定位技术的方法中,伪距测量和载波相位测量得到了广泛的应用。载波相位测量的定位精度比伪距测量的定位精度高出两个数量级,在静态短基线载波相位测量中可达到mm量级的精度,在动态实时定位中可以达到cm量级的精度,所以定位的高精度使其具有了广泛的应用前景。但在载波相位测量中存在着整周模糊度求解的问题,故如何有效、快速、简便而精确地求解整周模糊度就成了一个关键问题。基于GPS两个民用频率,探讨和论述求解整周模糊度的方法。     

一种基于北斗双频单历元姿态测量算法

在北斗双频单历元姿态测量解算中,利用载波相位观测量所构建的方程组是亏秩的,同时利用北斗码观测方程来解决亏秩问题的精度无法保证。因此,本文利用双频相位观测值的宽巷组合,采用LAMBDA搜索方法,首先固定宽巷模糊度,待宽巷模糊度全部固定后,利用宽巷模糊度值和载波相位观测值可解算出B1/B2整周模糊度,进而解算单历元下载体的偏航角和俯仰角。仿真结果表明该方法对北斗单历元下的模糊度和载体姿态角的解算具有很高的成功率。     

LAMBDA算法在卫星导航定位中的应用研究

卫星导航定位中,基于载波相位观测值的RTK定位技术能够在达到厘米级的定位精度,其核心技术是整周模糊度的快速解算。采用LAMBDA方法能快速解算整周模糊度完成初始化,实时周跳检测,搜索并固定新的模糊度。利用2个NovAtel接收机采集数据,对采集到的数据进行仿真验证。仿真结果显示,该方法缩短了搜索的时间,定位结果达到了精度要求。     

基于单差正交模型的GNSS伪距差分定位技术

全球卫星导航(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)的伪距差分定位由于不需要解算整周模糊度,即使是在载波差分定位技术广泛应用在高精度差分定位的当代,伪距差分定位在辅助载波差分定位等方面依旧具有研究的意义。本文介绍了一种基于单差正交模型的伪距差分定位技术。它可以避免双差伪距所带来的观测量强相关和对参考卫星过分依赖的缺点,同时消除钟差项的影响。实验结果表明,码差分在动态定位时可以实现分米级的定位精度,可以用于辅助载波差分定位的快速解算。     

GLONASS载波相位整周模糊度分析

由于GLONASS系统信号频率的差异,在载波测量数据处理中不能采用与GPS载波相位测量数据相同的方法,GLONASS整周模糊度的解算便成了一个难点问题。本文对GLONASS载波相位测量整周模糊度解算的基本思路和方法进行了介绍。     

GPS载波相位的周跳检测与修复分析

本文首先分析了宽巷载波与窄巷伪距法和电离层残差法检测和修复周跳的原理,结合宽巷载波与窄巷伪距法能够检测和修复较大的周跳,但无法检测同时发生在载波L1、L2上相同数量的周跳,而电离层残差法仅能检测出小周跳的特点,提出了将宽巷载波与窄巷伪距法和电离层残差法相结合的复合检测方法。首先由宽巷载波与窄巷伪距法检测和修复周跳,然后再由电离层残差法进行周跳检测和修复。仿真结果表明该复合方法能够有效地检测和修复GPS载波相位的周跳。     

GPS相位观测值中周跳的探测与修复

对于初始化载波相位整周模糊度的GPS定位而言,如果在整周模糊度初始化过程中发生载波相位周跳,将严重影响整周模糊度的确定.针对GPS载波相位定位中出现的周跳问题,提出了一种新的周跳的检测方法,首先用多项式模型的卡尔曼滤波对载波相位测量值进行预处理,然后再用奇偶矢量法探测和修复周跳.通过某OEM板输出的数据计算结果仿真,验证了新方法可以有效地探测出一周周跳.     

高动态地基伪卫星接收机载波跟踪技术

针对地基伪卫星系统接收信号接收载噪比和频率激励特点,分析了三阶锁相环的载波跟踪能力,在高动态条件和接收机接近离去伪卫星等过程中,有限的载噪比和接收信号的高阶频率激励将导致三阶锁相环失锁。为提高伪卫星系统接收机在高动态条件下的载波跟踪能力,提出一种惯导/伪卫星接收机深耦合载波跟踪方法,基于惯导输出的高频定位、速度信息和伪卫星位置信息估计接收信号的频率偏移并进行补偿。仿真实验表明,接收机在不高于10 g加速度直线运动下接收邻近伪卫星信号,深耦合算法具有相对更为稳定和精确的载波跟踪能力。     

基于高斯和粒子滤波的联合码和载波相位的伪距估计算法

针对导航星座中码测量值精度低但无整周模糊度,而载波相位测量值精度高但存在整周模糊度的特点,提出了一种基于高斯和粒子滤波(GSPF)的伪距估计算法,结合了两组测量值各自的优点。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法对周跳不敏感且伪距估计精度高。     

基于蜂窝构型的空基伪卫星定位网络

伪卫星是基于非星基平台提供附加导航信号的设备,可与现有导航卫星共同工作或独立工作,能有效地改善导航性能。当伪卫星独立工作时,其空间分布对导航定位性能和应用有很大影响。针对基于中高空飞行器平台伪卫星网络的定位特点,提出一种高/低空混合蜂窝构型,并对可见性、远近效应和精度因子(DOP)分布进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,蜂窝构型具有覆盖范围大、拓展方便和DOP好的优点,能够提高覆盖地域的定位性能。     

临近空间伪卫星定位精度仿真分析

基于临近空间的伪卫星具有非常显著的定位优势,提出了基于临近空间飞艇定位的伪卫星方案。通过理论分析,设计了基于4颗伪卫星的最佳布局方案;通过仿真计算得到了伪卫星覆盖区域内各点的几何精度因子;通过对伪卫星的星历误差、星钟误差和对流层延迟误差等主要误差源的分析,计算得到了基于飞艇伪卫星的定位测距误差,并给出了伪卫星覆盖区域内用户的定位误差。仿真结果表明,基于临近空间的伪卫星具有较好的定位精度,可以满足区域导航定位的精度要求。     

伪卫星远近效应分析与研究

伪卫星技术在改善和增强卫星导航系统定位性能等方面起到极其重要的作用。在应用中,常常会遇到时间同步、远近效应和几何精度衰减因子等问题。介绍了伪卫星应用中远近效应问题和常用的解决方案,重点分析了采用时分多址技术来进行伪卫星信号设计的问题。通过研究证明,采用时分多路复用更适合远近效应问题的解决。对伽利略伪卫星的脉冲调制进行了研究,得出了适合伽利略信号的脉冲调制占空比参数。     

无线电导航系统中基于GDOP的伪卫星定位误差研究

在卫星导航系统中,卫星定位的精度等性能很大程度上取决于定位卫星之间的相对几何布局,而GDOP(几何精度因子)正是衡量定位卫星几何布局优劣的一个很好的量度.为了更好地提高伪卫星的定位精度,从GDOP值的研究入手,得出一种基于加权GDOP(WGDOP)值的地面伪卫星定位误差算法.最后经过仿真比较基于常规GDOP和WGDOP两种精度因子的定位误差的大小,体现出WGDOP算法的优越性.     

Interference Mitigation in a Repeater and Pseudolite Indoor Positioning System

The widespread use of the personal navigation devices makes indoor positioning a major technological issue. The development perspectives of location-based services dramatically increase the importance of developing adequate solutions. In this paper, we carry out a theoretical study of an indoor positioning technique based on time-delayed Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) repeaters. It is a simple solution deploying minimal infrastructure which can use either outdoor repeated Global Positioning System (GPS) signals or a single signal generator. However, the positioning method presents limitations in terms of correlation and tracking performances. The paper presents theoretical approaches in order to overcome the interference problems and to improve the quality of the GPS signal reception. The new system based on ldquorepealitesrdquo (that comes from repeater and pseudolite) makes the best use of repeater and pseudolites in order to allow a fair continuity of the GNSS service indoors.     

Pseudolites/repeaters infrastructure autopositioning approach—mathematics and first simulation-based results

In the various infrastructure-based indoor positioning systems using Global Navigation Satellite System signals, i.e. pseudolites, repeaters, and repealites, there is the need for the terminal to know the positions of the various transmitters. Some techniques have been proposed for high accuracy pseudolite systems, but they require carrier phase measurements and a careful choice of some specific test locations. Other approaches consider that these data are simply available by any means: Of course, this can be achieved through manual distance measurements and the use of maps of the indoor environment. In this paper, we describe a new method that is based on a two-step approach. The first one consists in deploying the system. The second one is the calculation of the position of the transmitters through classic code measurements for a few specific chosen locations. Thus, the system can be deployed without any constraint and the locations of the transmitters calculated through a basic set of elementary measurements. The theoretical method is first described and the resulting accuracy of the position of the transmitters is then evaluated through theoretical calculations. In addition, electromagnetic simulations are carried out in order to estimate the pseudo-range errors of the proposed measurements: The accuracy of the determination of the position of the transmitters is then estimated (note that two receiver tracking loop implementations are considered). Thus, the accuracy of the proposed method is evaluated theoretically and through simulations.     

Applicability of an augmented GPS for navigation in the NationalAirspace System

The future applicability of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to the National Airspace System (NAS) for user navigation and landing support is discussed. Functional characteristics and performance estimates are presented for several GPS enhancements, including the use of a geostationary satellite L-band repeater, a CONUS calibration network, and pseudolites. Analysis results indicate that an enhanced GPS system can meet US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) enroute/terminal area navigation and nonprecision approach requirements under conditions which include accuracy degradation due to worst-case satellite failure, selective availability, and signal integrity. Similarly, it is shown that a Category I precision approach and landing requirement is essentially met using two pseudolites per airport. Additional analysis and extensive testing are required to validate the Category I findings     

On-the-fly carrier phase ambiguity resolution for precise aircraft landing

Successful GPS on-the-fly (OTF) carrier phase ambiguity resolution for precise positioning at the centimetre level has already been demonstrated. This has usually been in good observation conditions, e.g. over short distances, lots of satellites, P-code pseudoranges available, and small unmodelled errors. In order for GPS to fulfil the rigorous ICAO Cat. III precise landing navigation requirements centimetre-level accuracy must also be obtained in more realistic conditions, e.g. A-S on, high-unmodelled errors and less than six satellites. Integrating GPS with other sensors, e.g. INS, is likely to aid ambiguity resolution in such conditions, but there are limitations. After discussing critically the OTF methods, approaches are examined which will provide the precise accuracy, reliability and integrity required. Combining GPS with one, or more, pseudolites to provide an extra geometrical constraint to aid ambiguity resolution is described. Flight tests using different configurations of pseudolites are carried out and analysed.     

基于AD9361射频捷变收发器的GPS伪卫星设计

为了搭建用于室内定位的伪卫星室内定位系统,设计了一个伪卫星用于发射模拟GPS卫星定位信号。从伪卫星的硬件结构的角度详细说明了该伪卫星的各部分硬件组成以及相应的功能。该伪卫星使用了AD9361射频捷变收发器将时钟小数分频、数模转换、信号调制、上变频融为一体,简化了伪卫星的硬件结构。介绍了该伪卫星生成的信号的具体结构,采用时分多址（Time Division Multiple Access,TDMA）技术使得接收机接收伪卫星信号时不会被阻塞。利用示波器、频谱仪和嵌入式逻辑信号分析仪Signal Tap对伪卫星进行测试,包括时钟频率、伪码、BPSK调制、TDMA技术等,结果表明伪卫星工作正常,其信号能被ublox正常接收,可以利用其进行下一步伪卫星组网用于室内定位。     

地基伪卫星信号发射分集技术研究

伪卫星可提高卫星导航系统在遮蔽环境中的信号覆盖性。地基伪卫星信号仰角低,将导致更为严重的多径影响,不仅会造成较大的伪距测量值误差,而且由多径产生的功率相消会导致信噪比不足,导致接收机的失锁,造成伪卫星信号不可用。针对多径导致的地基伪卫星信号不可用影响,研究信号发射分集技术在地基伪卫星中的应用,对几种典型的发射分集方式进行理论分析和性能仿真。仿真结果表明,通过信号发射分集实现多导航信号相互补充,提高了覆盖区域内地基伪卫星信号的可用性。