消防员灭火救援伤亡的原因及对策探究

近年来,消防官兵在灭火救援中伤亡的事故屡见报端,这不仅迟滞了我国消防事业的健康稳定发展,也在一定程度上削弱了消防部队灭火救援的战斗力.为了减少和阻断消防员灭火救援伤亡事故的发生,就需要针对内里的原因予以剖析,进而提出针对性的解决策略,切实保障消防员安全,维护社会的安定和谐.     

如何克服消防员在灾害现场的恐惧心理

消防部队是一支肩负着特殊使命的队伍，其在工作中具备着工作环境的特殊性和与社会发展的密切接触性，同时其在工作中工作性质与工作内容相对复杂。尤其是在改革开放和社会经济高速发展的今天，保卫人民生命财产安全的高层次要求对消防官兵心理素质也提出了更高一层的要求。由于消防工作本身就是一项高危险作业的模式，同时伴随着近年来国民经济的发展，社会发展新形势对于消防工作也提出了新的要求，使得其呈现出多样性和复杂性，在这种情况下，消防员克服恐惧心理的重要性与作用与日突出。本文就如何克服消防员在灾害现场的恐惧心理进行分析与探讨，提出了相关见解与意见。     

浅析消防员灭火救援伤亡的原因及对策

近年来中国经济发展迅猛,城市化进程进一步加快,也使得火灾、其他突发事故屡见不鲜,而消防员在灭火救援中伤亡数量急剧增加的现象尤为突出。面对复杂多变的新形势、新情况都对我国的消防工作提出严峻考验,为此本文简要剖析当前消防员灭火救援中伤亡的原因,并科学合理的制定出行之有效的对策,希望为提高消防员生命安全,减少伤亡事故数量有所借鉴。     

化学灾害事故处置中消防员个人防护问题的探讨

随着化学工业的高速发展,化学灾害事故不断增多,带来了极大的安全隐患.化学灾害事故中由于处置不当导致的安全问题层出不穷,消防员个人防护问题的重要性逐渐凸显出来,受到社会越来越广泛的关注.我们需要积极探讨化学灾害事故处置中消防员个人防护问题,完善防护措施,加大对消防员的保护力度,从而推动消防工作的健康发展.     

PPS使热成像相机具有耐火性

聚苯硫醚（PPS）已被选作消防员携带的热成像相机的壳体材料，这将有助于消防人员在通过充满烟雾的建筑物时有效地工作．准确判断火源及其扩散途径．准确探测墙内、地板内和天花板内隐藏的火情。这种Radel R-5100聚苯硫醚材料是由索尔书 （Solvay）先进聚合物公司生产的。     

耐高温热塑性塑料用作消防员头盔

荷兰DSM工程塑料公司生产的一种耐高温热塑性塑料被德国卢森堡亚集团公司选作新的消防员头盔材料。这种Stanyl（聚酰胺）热塑性塑料具有高的抗冲击性和抗穿透性．此材料制成的头盔在极高的温度下仍可稳定使用。     

消防灭火机器人亮相

公安部消防科学研究所研制的车辆式消防灭火机器人在上海亮相。这种涂有红、黄两色的车辆式消防灭火机器人,可替代消防员执行灭火任务。如遇火警。消防人员不必进入高温、强热辐射、易坍塌等危险场所．只需在离火场150米内使用无线摇控器操纵机器人灭火。     

高层建筑火场供水计算

当高层建筑物发生火灾,消防部队到场后,消防员配备必要的防护、照明、通讯装备,使用消防电梯迅速登上着火层下层,根据实际情况利用着火层或着火层下层的室内消火栓处远距离启动消防水泵,     

Research advances of un-symmetric constitutive theory of anisotropic viscoelastic liquids and its hydrodynamic behavior

Research advances of un-symmetric constitutive equation of anisotropic fluid,influence of un-symmetric stress tensor on material functions,vibrational shear flow of the fluid with small amplitudes and rheology of anisotropic suspension were reported.A new concept of simple anisotropic fluid was introduced.On the basis of anisotropic principle,the simple fluid stress behaviour was described by velocity gradient tensor F and spin tensor W instead of velocity gradient tensor D in the classic Leslie-Ericksen continuum theory.Two relaxation times analyzing rheological nature of the fluid and using tensor analysis a general form of the constitutive equation of co-rotational type was introduced.More general model LCP-H for the fluid was developed.The unsymmetry of the shear stress was predicted by the present continuum theory for anisotropic viscoelastic fluid-LC polymer liquids.The influence of the relaxation times on material functions was specially studied.It is important to study the unsteady vibrational rotating flow with small amplitudes,as it is a best way to obtain knowledge of elasticity of the LC polymer,i.e.dynamic viscoelasticity.For the shear-unsymmetric stresses,two shear stresses were obtained thus two complex viscosities and two complex shear modulus(i.e.first and second one) were introduced by the constitutive equation which was defined by rotating shear rate introduced by author.For the two stability problems of fluid,such as stability of hydrodynamic flow and orientational motion,were discussed.The results show that the polymer suspension systems exhibit anisotropic character.The PNC systems can exhibit significant shear-thinning effects.For more concentrated polymer nano-suspensions,the first normal stress difference change from positive to negative,which is similar to LC polymer behavior.     

当前民办高校融资难的成因及对策

针对民办高校所需办学经费无国家财政拨款,全部为自筹资金的现状,分析了形成当前民办高校融资难的原因,既有信贷政策、银行方面的因素,也有民办高校自身的因素.提出民办高校要生存,要发展,光靠举办者投入或捐赠以及每年的学费收入是不够的,还需要积极拓展更多融资渠道解决办校融资难的问题.     

脉冲振动预磁器的研究和设计

根据细粒磁性物回收工艺中需要使用预磁器的要求,研究预磁器的工作时序、充放电回路的电器元件特性和电路电压、电流特征.设计的电磁预磁器磁场强度高,能耗低,性价比高.对预磁化电路展开理论计算和推导.首次提出脉冲振动预磁器系统结构,将RLC电路振荡波形转变为振动波形,形成"脉振"高场强,延长了线圈的使用寿命.经实际运行检验,该装置性能稳定,效果好,能耗低,每小时耗电仅0.8 kW,在预磁器领域是一项创新的实用技术.     

城市污水热能资源化的基础研究

作为城市污水热能资源化的基础研究,根据理论分析方法,对有效利用城市污水所赋存的热能时,其节能效果和对减轻大气污染的作用进行了若干分析和探讨.分别计算了流量为1 m3/s时城市污水赋存的热量,以及采暖面积为1万m2时所需的城市污水及赋存的热量,与空调、锅炉相比产生相同热量时的一次能和二次能的消减量,以及相应条件下的污染物年间(采暖期)消减量等.     

Vibrational shear flow of anisotropic viscoelastic fluid with small amplitudes

Using the constitutive equation of co-rotational derivative type for anisotropic viscoelastic fluid-liquid crystalline(LC),polymer liquids was developed.Two relaxation times are introduced in the equation:λn represents relaxation of the normal-symmetric stress components;λs represents relaxation of the shear-unsymmetric stress components.A vibrational rotating flow in gap between cylinders with small amplitudes is studied for the anisotropic viscoelastic fluid-liquid crystalline polymer.The time-dependent constitutive equation are linearized with respect to parameter of small amplitude.For the normal-symmetric part of stress tensor analytical expression of the shear stress is obtained by the constitutive equation.The complex viscosity,complex shear modulus,dynamic and imaginary viscosities,storage modulus and loss modulus are obtained for the normal-symmetric stress case which are defined by the common shear rate.For the shear-unsymmetric stress part,two shear stresses are obtained thus two complex viscosities and two complex shear modulus(i.e.first and second one) are given by the constitutive equation which are defined by rotating shear rate introduced by author.The dynamic and imaginary viscosities,storage modulus and loss modulus are given for each complex viscosities and complex shear modulus.Using the constituive equation the rotating flow with small amplitudes in gap between two coaxial cylinders is studied.     

玉米中转基因成分的定性PCR检测

利用改良 CTAB 法提取玉米产品的基因组 DNA,应用 PCR 检测方法,并以玉米特异性内源基因 IVR 为内参,花椰菜花叶病毒 35S 启动子(CaMV35S 启动子)、农杆茵胭脂碱合成酶终止子(NOS终止子)为靶基因检测玉米中是否存在转基因成分.实验结果表明,有些玉米样品中存在转基因成分,表明市场上存在未经标识的转基因玉米及其加工品.     

利用双折射晶体实现双偏振光叠加的教学研究

利用晶体的双折射现象和它的基本性质,采用现代光纤和CCD摄像放大技术手段研究了双偏振光的叠加和干涉现象,讨论了学生在教学中不易理解的难点问题.     

科技期刊版式设计略谈

对科技期刊版式设计中的标题、插图与空白的处置进行了分析探讨,认为科技期刊版式设计在总体上应是追求格式一致与节奏变化的统一,整体性与连贯性的统一.布局合理的版式设计带给期刊的是整体的和谐美,别具风格的版式设计标志着期刊的个性特征.     

单极世界军备竞赛微分方程稳定性的研究

对一国或多国军备竞赛的数学模型进行了研究.单独一国的经济增长服从Horrod-Domer模型,但当多国一起竞争时,弱国将遭受前所未有的严重挑战.通过研究超级大国、另一大国和弱国这三个国家之间军备竞赛稳定性问题,得到了军备竞赛稳定性的条件.     

Effect of sediment on vertical dynamic impedance of rock-socketed pile with large diameter

Based on the fictitious soil pile model, the effect of sediment on the vertical dynamic impedance of rock-socketed pile with large diameter was theoretically studied by means of Laplace transform technique and impedance function transfer method. Firstly, the sediment under rock-socketed pile was assumed to be fictitious soil pile with the same sectional area. The Rayleigh-Love rode model was used to simulate the rock-socketed pile and the fictitious soil pile with the consideration of the lateral inertial effect of large-diameter pile. The layered surrounding soils and bedrock were modeled by the plane strain model. Then, by virtue of the initial conditions and boundary conditions of the soil pile system, the analytical solution of the vertical dynamic impedance at the head of rock-socketed pile was derived for the arbitrary excitation acting on the pile head. Lastly, based on the presented analytical solution, the effect of sediment properties, bedrock property and lateral inertial effect on the vertical dynamic impedance at rock-socketed pile head were investigated in detail. It is shown that the sediment properties have significant effect on the vertical dynamic impedance at the rock-socketed pile head. The ability of soil-pile system to resist dynamic vertical deformation is weakened with the increase of sediment thickness, but amplified with the increase of shear wave velocity of sediment. The ability of soil pile system to resist dynamic vertical deformation is amplified with the bedrock property improving, but the ability of soil-pile system to resist vertical vibration is weakened with the improvement of bedrock property.     

Relations of complete creep processes and triaxial stress-strain curves of rock

Based on the results of triaxial compressive creep tests for five kinds of rock under the different stress loading,unloading and cycle-loading-unloading conditions,the creep deformation is not only a function of stress and time,but also it has the corresponding relations to the triaxial stress-strain curves of rock.The deformation properties of soften-strain,harden-strain and ideal plasticity presented by conventional triaxial compressive test curves under the different stress states were utilized,and the creep characteristics,the creep starting stress and the different entire creep process curves of rock were studied systematically according to creep experiment results,and the relations of the triaxial stress-strain curves to the creeping starting stress,the terminating curve,the different creep processes,and the different creep fracture properties were established.The relations presented in this paper were verified partially by the creep experiment results of five types of rock.     

Rheological characteristics of aged asphalt binder

Different aging levels(RTFOT,PAV-10h,PAV-20h and PAV-30 h) of asphalt binders with various mass ratios of mineral powder to asphalt(0,0.4,0.8,1.2,1.6,2.0) were used to investigate the rheological properties of aged asphalt binders with respect to their short and long terms aging characteristics.Viscosity test,dynamic shear test and creep test were conducted.The test results indicate that the viscosity of aged asphalt binder increases sharply with the extension of aging period.Complex shear modulus of aged asphalt increases,which indicates that the stiffness of asphalt binders can increase.The phase angle for aged asphalt binders reduces,which indicates that the elastic portion for viscoelastic property of asphalt binders increases.|G*|·sin δ increases after aging procedure which means that the fatigue resistance becomes poor.The creep test results show that creep strain curves varies remarkably for virgin and aged asphalt binders.The total strain during loading period and the permanent strain decreases significantly for aged asphalt binders,which implies that the elastic portion increases and the viscous portion decreases.