汽轮机低压缸末级长叶片参数化方法研究

针对汽轮机低压缸末级长叶片沿展向气动参数跨度大、叶型几何变化剧烈的特点,构建了一种三维参数化造型方法。该方法能适应长叶片复杂的几何特征,且对亚、跨、超音速叶型造型具有良好的统一性。为保证造型参数的物理意义并减小参数量,采用了曲线分段确定叶型框架、局部调控参数控制几何细节的造型方式。曲线拼接时保证了C2连续。此外,基于该参数化方法构建了拟合工具,将叶型离散点信息转化为设计参数,实现了对已有叶型库叶型的参数化拟合。     

退化涡轮叶片形变对气动参数偏离的影响研究

涡轮叶片在服役过程中发生的形状变化会造成涡轮气动参数偏离,研究造成涡轮性能退化的主要形变因素是实现涡轮精准维护的重要环节。本文分析了实际涡轮叶片在长时间服役后的具体形变特征,以及形变特征与气动参数偏离值的关系;通过光学扫描获得退化涡轮全周叶片的形状数据,重构得到叶片特征几何参数;以几何参数为基础生成退化的涡轮流道,通过CFD仿真得到了燃气轮机在退化前后的详细气动参数;采用神经网络模型建立涡轮几何数据与气动数据之间的映射关系,并分析了模型中影响气动参数偏离的主要几何参数。结果表明:磨损烧蚀导致弦长变短是第1级静叶气动参数变化的主要诱因,而第1级动叶的气动参数则主要受喉道宽度的影响。     

基于NURBS曲线的高亚音速压气机叶型参数化建模方法研究

具有良好灵活性的高精度叶型参数化建模方法对于压气机叶型设计和优化具有重要影响。本文研究了一种基于非有理B样条曲线理论(NURBS)曲线组和遗传算法的轴流压气机叶片参数化建模方法。该方法基于中弧线厚度叠加法,采用两条三次七点NURBS曲线分别构造中弧线形状和厚度分布,前尾缘采用双二次NURBS曲线,通过多段曲线光滑拼接实现叶片造型。以压气机型线方差值最小作为目标函数,利用遗传算法实现了叶型的参数化建模。通过数值模拟实验证明,本文提出的参数化造型方法适用于高亚音速压气机叶型的参数化建模。     

复合材料风力机叶片气动/结构一体化优化设计

基于多学科优化理论,提出复合材料风力机叶片气动/结构一体化优化设计方法。采用多岛遗传算法,以叶片的气动和结构性能为约束、质量为目标,对复合材料风力机叶片进行优化设计。气动性能分析采用叶素动量理论,考虑叶梢损失和轮毂损失。结构分析采用有限元方法对风机叶片三维参数化CAD模型进行分析。算例结果证明了该方法的有效性,对实际的工程设计有较强的参考价值。     

一种基于ICEM的轴流风机设计优化方法

采用基本翼型参数化设计方法对风机叶片进行设计,并基于ICEM所提供的rpl文件接口以及程序录制功能实现轴流风机结构三维模型参数化建模与结构化网格划分功能。保证建模过程中可以对风机叶型、叶片数,叶片倾斜角度等进行相应的更改。在此基础上,开发"轴流风机设计优化应用程序",该程序包含相应的设计模块、优化模块和定制模块,保证可以通过输入的设计参数和优化参数等对轴流风机进行自动的设计优化。     

涡轮叶片三维气动分析方法研究

精确的涡轮叶片气动性能计算是对其进行设计优化的重要基础。基于PRO/E软件建立了某涡轮流场叶片三维参数化实体模型,采用SST(shear stress transport)湍流模型对建立的涡轮流场叶片进行了三维气动分析,得到了流场及叶片表面的温度、压力、流速以及能量损失等气动参数分布,并对它们的变化规律进行了分析;基于叶片气动效率计算公式,给出了叶片平均气动效率的计算方法并分析了叶片气动效率沿叶高的变化规律,为涡轮叶片的气动设计优化奠定了较好的基础。     

透平静叶的多参数气动优化设计方法

本文采用一种新型的气动优化方法来求解透平静叶的多参数优化问题.本方法包括叶片参数化造型方法、3D叶片与网格生成程序、N.S.数值模拟和响应面方法.采用参数化造型方法来重构初始叶片,并引入设计变量.然后,修改设计变量,并结合3D叶片与网格生成程序,获得一系列不同的叶片.通过N.S.计算,获得叶片优化所需的样本空间.最后,采用一定优化策略,获得满足设计要求的叶片及其设计参数值.     

整机环境下的风扇_增压级叶片气动优化

采用自主研发的三维粘性气动优化设计平台对某双涵道风扇/增压级进行了气动设计优化;采用NURBS技术对该风扇/增压级各排叶片进行了参数化造型,包括二维叶型的参数化表达以及基选线的弯、扭联合造型;采用NUMECA商用软件进行了风扇/增压级三维内外涵联算作为气动性能评估指标;基于该风扇/增压级三维内外涵联算,采用iSIGHT优化软件对风扇/增压级各排叶片进行了气动优化设计.在整机流量降低0.342 8%的情况下,内涵增压级效率提高了1.43%;对风扇优化,在整机流量基本不变的情况下,整机效率提高了1.566%,并扩大了增压级的稳定工作范围.     

用于汽轮机末级长叶片优化的前处理方法

对由气动设计所得到的初始叶型,通过曲面蒙皮技术得到参数化曲面片,并将物理域边界统一成与叶片相同的参数曲面形式,建立求交点交线算法.通过提出几何拓扑关系和疏密系数,自动生成三维贴体网格.本方法可用于叶片较大弯扭的末级长叶片优化设计.     

风力机弧形叶片参数化及气弹特性分析研究北大核心CSCD

为了满足自适应叶片的发展,文章提出了一种弧形叶片的参数化方法。该方法基于微分几何曲线理论,结合Bézier曲线和直叶片的参数化方法,达到了由控制点来控制弧形叶片几何外形的目的。基于弧形叶片的特点,将二维叶素理论转换到弧形叶片的截面上,并进行气动载荷计算,从而改进了叶素动量理论(BEM)。以NREL5MW风力机叶片为基准叶片,通过控制空间参考线控制向量可以得到具有预弯/扫掠特性的弧形叶片。结合改进的BEM理论和气动弹性理论,研究了该弧形叶片与参考叶片的气弹特性。研究结果表明:相比常规叶片,具有预弯/扫掠特性的弧形叶片能够有效地降低叶片的疲劳载荷和变桨载荷。该结果为设计具有减载功能的自适应叶片提供了一种可行的思路。     

单级离心压气机气动性能预测与优化设计

为了提升低转速工况下压气机的气动性能,采用人工神经网络与遗传算法相结合的优化方法对某单级离心压气机离心叶轮的弯特性进行优化计算。利用NUMECA软件对该离心压气机进行了不同转速的数值模拟,得到压气机不同工况下的气动性能。通过设置不同控制参数和曲线形式对离心叶轮叶片进行参数化拟合,以8个改变叶片弯特性的参数为自由参数进行了叶型优化设计,最终得到了优化后的叶轮叶片。结果表明:优化后在低转速的设计工况下离心压气机压比增加了4.69%,稳定裕度拓宽了17.41%。     

Study on Aerodynamic Design Optimization of Turbomachinery Blades

This paper describes the study on aerodynamics design optimization of turbomachinery blading developed by the authors at the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, during the recent few years. The present paper describes the aspects mainly on how to use a rapid approach of profiling a 3D blading and of grid generation for computation, a fast and accurate viscous computation method and an appropriate optimization methodology including a blade parameterization algorithm to optimize turbomachinery blading aerodynamically. Any blade configuration can be expressed by three curves, they are the camber lines, the thickness distributions and the radial stacking line, and then the blade geometry can be easily parameterized by a number of parameters with three polynomials. A gradient-based parameterization analytical method and a response surface method were applied herein for blade optimization. It was found that the optimization process provides reliable design for turbomachinery with reasonable computing time.     

New vortex‐lift and tangential‐force models for HAWT aerodynamic load prediction

Horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) experience three‐dimensional rotational and unsteady aerodynamic phenomena at the rotor blades sections. These highly unsteady three‐dimensional effects have a dramatic impact on the aerodynamic load distributions on the blades, in particular, when they occur at high angles of attack due to stall delay and dynamic stall. Unfortunately, there is no complete understanding of the flow physics yet at these unsteady 3D flow conditions, and hence, the existing published theoretical models are often incapable of modelling the impact on the turbine response realistically. The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight on the combined influence of the stall delay and dynamic stall on the blade load history of wind turbines in controlled and uncontrolled conditions. New dynamic stall vortex and nonlinear tangential force coefficient modules, which integrally take into account the three dimensional rotational effect, are also proposed in this paper. This module along with the unsteady influence of turbulent wind speed and tower shadow is implemented in a blade element momentum (BEM) model to estimate the aerodynamic loads on a rotating blade more accurately. This work presents an important step to help modelling the combined influence of the stall delay and dynamic stall on the load history of the rotating wind turbine blades which is vital to have lighter turbine blades and improved wind turbine design systems.     

基于一种新的优化方法的水平轴风力机风轮设计软件

提出了一种用于水平轴风机风轮设计的软件。该软件的主要目的是为风力机设计者提供一种灵活的集成设计环境，其核心是一个水平轴风机的气动优化过程。该过程基于一种改进的叶素理论，它采用一个有限叶片的旋涡系，因此叶片数量的影响被考虑进行并可得到更精确的气动力。     

基于数值优化的跨音速压气机动叶三维设计

实验验证了三维粘性流场求解程序,然后采用基于梯度法的数值优化程序对跨音压气机动叶积叠线进行优化设计,得到了弯掠结合的三维叶片,并对其进行了数值模拟及详细的流场分析.结果表明采用弯掠的三维动叶可以有效的改变叶片排内三维激波结构,降低尾迹损失,显著提高动叶的整体绝热效率,并使动叶具有更加良好的变工况性能.     

Inverse design of horizontal axis wind turbine blades using a vortex line method

A new inverse design process for horizontal axis wind turbine blades is developed to account for three‐dimensional blade features such as non‐planar wing tip. The multidimensional Newton iteration method combined with a vortex line method is used to provide blade geometry parameters given desired aerodynamic behaviors such as lift coefficient and axial induction. The Jacobian matrix is visualized to show the effect of the change of the blade twist and chord on the change of the aerodynamic behaviors. The method is validated for a canonical straight blade with uniform lift coefficient and axial induction distributions. The results show an excellent agreement with those obtained by PROPID, which is a blade element momentum theory‐based inverse design code. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory Phase VI blade is used to validate the method for a straight blade with non‐uniform distributions of the lift coefficient and axial induction. The method is also applied successfully to a non‐straight blade design with a non‐planar wing tip. A noticeable change in the twist and chord for this non‐straight blade is seen compared with a straight blade. Finally, the inverse design code is used to make a large rotor blade, and the power output generated by this blade is computed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Blade Parameterization and Aerodynamic Design Optimization for a 3D Transonic Compressor Rotor

The present paper describes an optimization methodology for aerodynamic design of turbomachinery combinedwith a rapid 3D blade and grid generator(RAPID3DGRID),a N.S.solver,a blade parameterization method(BPM),a gradient-based parameterization-analyzing method(GPAM),a response surface method(RSM)withzooming algorithm and a simple gradient method.By the use of blade parameterization method a transonic com-pressor rotor can be expressed by a set of polynomials,and then it enables us to transform coordinate-expressedblade data to parameter-expressed and then to reduce the number of parameters.With changing any one of theparameters and by applying grid generator and N.S.solver,we can obtain several groups of samples.Here onlyten parameters were considered to search an optimized compressor rotor.As a result of optimization,the adiabaticefficiency was increased by 1.73%.     

某燃气轮机涡轮叶片复合冷却结构优化设计

为了提高涡轮叶片设计效率,搭建了基于一维管网理论的iSIGHT优化设计平台,获得了叶片的优化结构,并对其进行三维仿真计算分析。研究表明：优化前后叶片的气动性能变化不大,总压损失仅在端壁处略有差别;优化后涡轮叶片的壁面温度分布更加均匀,壁面的最高温度降低,温度梯度减小,最大相对温差降低10%左右;在降低叶片热应力的同时相对冷却效率提高1.0%。     

A parametric study of coupled‐mode flutter for MW‐size wind turbine blades

With the increasing size of offshore wind turbine rotors, the design criteria used for the blades may also evolve. Current offshore technology utilizes three relatively stiff blades in an upwind configuration. With the goal of minimizing the mass, there is an interest in the lightweight rotors that instead utilize two flexible blades oriented downwind. These longer blades are more flexible and thus susceptible to experience flow‐induced instability. Coupled‐mode flutter is one of the destructive aeroelastic instabilities that can occur in flexible structures subjected to aerodynamic loading. Because of variation in one of the system parameters, e.g., flow velocity, structural modes coalesce at a critical flow velocity, and coupled‐flutter occurs. In the present work, a parametric study is conducted in order to study the influence of the natural frequencies in the torsional and flapwise directions on the critical flutter speed for wind turbine blades. Three MW‐size wind turbine blades are studied using a three‐dimensional blade model, which includes coupled flapwise and torsional displacements. The results show that the three blades have very similar behavior as the system parameters vary. It is shown that the first torsional natural frequency and the ratio of the first torsional natural frequency to the first flapwise natural frequency are the most critical parameters affecting the onset of instability. Critical flutter speeds even lower than the blade rated speed can be observed for blades with low torsional natural frequencies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

分形尾缘叶片气动性能及流场数值模拟

针对风力机存在尾流效应问题,通过在垂直轴风力机叶片尾缘布置分形孔的方法,建立分形叶片三维实体造型,进行了分形叶片和原始叶片三维非定常不可压流动的分析,得出叶片绕流流场数值模拟结果,重点研究具有分形特征的尾缘对叶片尾流流场及叶片气动特性的影响。结果表明:分形叶片对改善叶片尾流流场有较显著作用。在8°~18°攻角范围内,分形叶片升、阻力系数随攻角变化波动性小于原始叶片;当攻角大于原始叶片失速攻角时,这种波动性差距更大。分形孔的存在使叶片周围流场结构及气动参数对攻角变化敏感性降低:在攻角大于原始叶片失速攻角时,分形叶片阻力系数随攻角变化标准差仅为原始叶片的0.6倍,升力系数标准差仅为原始叶片0.4倍。研究结果将改善垂直轴风力机叶片尾流互相干扰及水平轴风力机叶尖脱落涡情况。