基于Cauchy分布的H.264优化比特分配及码率控制算法

为了提高图像质量和码率控制精度,提出了一种H.264优化比特分配及码率控制算法.该算法首先基于Cauchy分布得出简化的宏块层码率模型,并引入复杂度系数MAD和头信息比特率,使码率模型可随视频内容复杂伸缩;同时采用线性模型对失真度进行预测,通过Lagrange率失真优化来选择每个宏块的量化参数,最小化整帧的失真度以实现宏块层的优化比特分配.实验结果表明,该算法能在降低比特数估计偏差、更好地跟踪目标码率的情况下,获得更好的PSNR性能.     

基于二项式R-D模型的多视点视频码率控制算法

针对目前尚未深入研究多视点视频编码(MVC)码率控制的状况,在分析现有视频码率控制中率失真模型的不足和多视点视频编码的特点的基础上,提出了一种基于二次率失真(R-D)模型的多视点视频编码码率控制算法。该算法的核心是先根据视差预测和运动预测的结构关系,将所有图像分成6种类型的编码帧,并改进二项式率失真模型,然后根据已编码信息进行视点间、帧层、基本单元层比特分配与码率控制。实验仿真结果表明,与目前采用固定量化参数的JVT的MVC相比,该算法能够有效地控制多视点视频编码的码率,同时保持高效的编码效率。     

基于自适应速率模型的低时延视频编码速率控制算法

针对实时视频通信具有的低时延特性,通过研究速率模型形状参数和图像内容之间存在的关系,提出了一种视频图像自适应速率模型,此模型较其它速率模型能够更好地拟合真实码率输出,使得基于该模型速率控制下的输出速率更加平稳。为了避免TMN8模型中使用宏块方差方法得到宏块量化步长所引入的计算量,在帧层一次计算得到视频图像的基本量化步长,并在宏块层对其进行简单调整,从而降低了系统的处理时延。仿真实验表明,此文提出的基于新模型的速率控制算法较TMN8在输出码率稳定性及系统时延上都具有较好的性能。     

面向ROI编码的立体图像比特分配策略分析

为了提高基于感兴趣区域(ROI)的立体图像编码的效率,从人眼视觉感知的角度提出了一种探寻合理的立体图像比特分配策略的方法.该方法设计了两个主观实验,其中实验I对各种比特分配策略下的失真立体图像进行视觉质量评价,而实验II在实验I的基础上对所有失真立体图像进行两两对比实验.实验结果表明:合理的比特分配策略对基于ROI的立...     

基于时域失真传递链的宏块级码率控制算法

x264是工业界性能优秀的H.264编码器,时域自适应码率控制算法(MacroblockTree,MBTree)对其性能提升有很大贡献.该算法通过构造时域失真传递链,估算可以反映当前宏块被参考频度的传递代价ρ.再根据传递代价计算量化偏移量δ,实现码率的时域宏块级控制.然而,MBTree算法采用的δ-ρ模型是凭经验得出的,较为粗糙.针对这一问题,提出了一种基于R-D判据寻找性能最优δ-ρ模型的方法.实验证明采用本文模型后的MBTree算法,与之前相比可以获得最高0.14dB的结构相似度提升,或在相同结构相似度下,获得最高5.8%的码率节省量.     

H.264编码模式选择的研究

研究H.264的编码模式选择方案,根据视频序列的时域相关性和空域相关性的关系,模式选择包括帧内预测和帧间预测,帧间预测基于率失真函数,在一帧图像的编码中则可以采用提前终止预测方向的方法降低编码器端的复杂度.     

H.264码率控制算法改进

码率控制技术用来调整并控制视频编码器的输出比特率,以满足带宽要求和保持平稳的输出码流,并获取在质量和带宽利用上的最佳均衡。根据编码视频帧的复杂性及其编码比特来调解量化步长,达到降低最大码率的目的。结果表明,采用的该算法在不影响PSNR的情况下,码率极值得到一定程度的控制。     

JPEG2000的一种编码前码率分配算法

针对JPEG2000推荐的码率分配算法导致的计算冗余多、编码速度慢并且编码缓存大的不足,本文提出一种编码前最优分配码率的方法以提高JPEG2000的编码速度.该方法通过对小波系数失真模型的率失真理论分析,得出在总码率限制的情况下,使得总体视觉加权失真最小的最佳码率分配准则,并根据该准则给出可实现的码率分配算法.实验表明,该方法可以实现精确有效的编码前码率预分配,做到了"所编即所需",加速了JPEG2000编码,满足高速编码和低缓存需求的要求.     

一种基于预测模式的H.264/AVC视频信息隐藏改进算法

提出了一种基于帧内预测模式调制的H.264/AVC视频信息改进隐藏算法.选择参考像素亮度值接近的帧内4×4块,通过对预测模式值进行调制以实现隐秘信息的嵌入,而预测模式调制过程是将最优预测模式变为满足嵌入条件的具有率失真开销最小的预测模式,以尽量减小预测模式的改变对视频客观质量的影响.信息的提取过程不需要原始载体视频,也...     

基于编码模式的H.264/AVC视频信息隐藏算法

本文提出一种基于编码模式的H.264/AVC信息隐藏方法,通过调制某些宏块的编码模式,分别在Ⅰ帧、P帧和B帧中嵌入隐秘信息.对帧内4x4预测模式的宏块,是通过调整宏块中某个4×4块的编码模式嵌入隐秘信息;对P帧和B帧其它类型的宏块,则是通过调整宏块的编码模式嵌入隐秘信息,模式调整后对宏块做了优化处理.在模式调制过程中引入率失真代价,取得了较好的率失真平衡,减小了隐秘信息嵌入后对视频质量和视频码流的影响.该算法可以实现隐秘信息的快速提取,满足视频实时处理的要求,实验仿真结果证明了该算法的有效性.     

Intra mode decision and frame layer Lagrange multiplier adjustment scheme for H.264 based on structural similarity

H.264 takes rate distortion optimisation (RDO) technique to perform intra and inter mode decision and achieves higher coding efficiency, but the objective distortion metric such as mean square error (MSE) is employed in traditional RDO framework, which cannot acquire optimal subjective quality. In this paper, structural similarity (SSIM)-based subjective distortion is applied to RDO-based intra mode decision in H.264 I frame video coding, and a linear SSIM distortion model is firstly proposed and SSIM-based rate distortion cost function for intra mode decision is defined. Furthermore, a content adaptive frame layer Lagrange multiplier adjustment scheme is proposed to balance the tradeoff between rate and SSIM distortion better. Experimental results show that, the proposed method encodes image structural information more effectively and thus acquires better perceptual quality and subjective RDO performance compared with objective distortion-based RDO method. Under the same perceptual quality, our scheme achieves about 8·03% I frame bit rate reduction on average for various sequences over MSE-based RDO employed in JM reference software.     

一种快速实现H.264运动估计的方法

本文提出一种快速实现H.264运动估计的算法。该算法利用视频图像中存在大量空/时域冗余这一特点,在运动估计过程中引入预判空间相关性和时域稳定性的方法,节省了大量不必要的计算步骤。试验结果表明,该算法运动估计时间仅为JM84的30.3%,峰值信噪比(PSNR)仅降低1.1%,码率平均增加3.95%。     

基于VBR视频的联合信源信道码率控制方法

VBR视频编码与传输相比于CBR具有更大的优势。VBR编码中,需要根据编解码缓冲区和网络的约束进行信源信道码率控制。本文将联合信源信道码率选择问题进行简化,针对最新的视频压缩标准H．264提出准确的码率模型,在此模型下进行VBR信源编码码率控制,并根据缓)中器状态进行信道传输速率选择来获得平滑的网络流量。实验结果表明,这种VBR码率控制方法比CBR可以获得更高和更平稳的视频质量,而且在场景切换时效果更明显。     

基于Dirichlet过程的无线视频码率变化识别算法

研究了通过对终端视频帧质量的聚类分析来识别无线视频传输中码率变化的方法,以便为无线视频传输过程中视频码率自适应调整提供参考依据.针对经典模糊C均值(FCM)算法和K均值(K-means)算法需要设定聚类数目的问题,提出一种基于荻利克雷过程(DP)的FCM算法——DP-FCM算法.该算法将Dirichlet过程和FCM算法相结合,由视频帧信息权重峰值信噪比(IWPSNR)值使用DP过程混合模型模拟估计出聚类数目,然后进行FCM模糊聚类,通过设定合理的阈值,合并聚类结果相似项,完成视频帧的聚类,从而实现视频传输码率变化的识别.以LIVE视频库为试验数据源,对该算法进行了性能测试.试验结果表明,DP-FCM算法能够在无需设定聚类数目的前提下实现视频传输码率变化的分类识别.     

H.264帧内预测与帧间块模式选择快速算法

针对H.264帧间预测时的多子块模式选择和帧内预测的多模式选择问题,提出了一种实用的基于统计门限的模式快速选择算法,通过门限设定有效限定了编码模式的选择范围.多组视频序列的实验结果表明,基于统计门限的帧内预测模式选择算法在Ⅰ帧的PSNR值有微小变化的情况下,大大降低了编码时间,Ⅰ帧的编码时间降低17%～23%,PSNR下降不到0.4%.基于统计门限的帧间块模式选择算法使得平均PSNR值下降了0.047dB(PSNR最大下降不到1%),但是相对全模式预测时,编码器速度提高了20%～30%.     

A MV-Based Steganographic Algorithm for H.264/AVC without Distortion

H.264/AVC video is one of the most popular multimedia and has been widely used as the carriers of video steganography. In this paper, a novel motion vector (MV) based steganographic algorithm is proposed for the H.264/AVC compressed video without distortion. Four modules are introduced to eliminate the distortion caused by the modifications of motion vectors and guarantee the security of the algorithm. In the embedding block, the motion vector space encoding is used to embed a (2n+1)-ary notational number into an n-dimension vector composed of motion vectors generated from the selection block. Scrambling is adopted to disturb the order of steganographic carriers to improve the randomness of the carrier before the operation of embedding. The re-motion compensation (re-MC) block will re-construct the macroblock (MB) whose motion vectors have been modified by embedding block. System block plays the role of the generator for chaotic sequences and encryptor for secret data. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can achieve high embedding capacity without stego video visual quality distortion, it also presents good undetectability for existing MV-based steganalysis feature. Performance comparisons with other existing algorithms are provided to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm.     

Dynamic resource allocation for supporting real-time multimedia applications in IEEE 802.15.3 WPANs

The IEEE 802.15.3 medium access control (MAC) protocol is an emerging standard for high-rate wireless personal area networks (WPANs), especially for supporting high-quality real-time multimedia applications. Despite defining quality of service (QoS) signalling mechanisms for interoperability between devices, IEEE 802.15.3 does not specify resource allocation algorithms that are left to manufacturers. To guarantee the QoS of real-time variable bit rate (VBR) videos and utilise the radio resource efficiently, the authors propose a dynamic resource allocation algorithm. The proposed bandwidth allocation algorithm is based on a novel traffic predictor. Recently, the variable step-size normalised least mean square (VSSNLMS) algorithm was employed for on-line traffic prediction of VBR videos. However, the performance of the VSSNLMS algorithm significantly degrades due to the abrupt traffic variation occurring at the scene boundary. To tackle this problem, the authors design a novel traffic predictor based on a simple scene detection algorithm and the VSSNLMS algorithm. Analyses using real-life MPEG video traces indicate that the proposed traffic predictor significantly outperforms the VSSNLMS algorithm with respect to the prediction error. The performance of the proposed bandwidth allocation algorithm is also investigated by comparing several existing algorithms. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed bandwidth allocation algorithm surpasses other mechanisms in terms of channel utilisation, buffer usage and packet loss rate.     

一种用于H.264数据分类的自适应的不平等错误保护策略

主要从较新的H．264视频压缩标准出发,提出了一种适用于视频流在包丢失的Internet上传输的基于数据分类的自适应不平等保护策略。实验证明,与传统方法相比,该方法实现了在一定包丢失概率下质量与码率的较好权衡,并且获得了较好的错误鲁棒性能。     

Efficient rate control scheme using modified inter-layer dependency for spatial scalability

Scalable video coding extension has been added to H.264AVC to support compression and encoding of multiple resolution video sequences, having different frame rates and fidelities in a single bit stream. The motion vectors and the residual data of the enhancement layers are derived from up-sampling the co-located macroblock (MB) of the base layer. The peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) across the enhancement layers is degraded as up-sampling introduces distortion of high-frequency components. In this paper, a spatial-resolution-ratio-based MB mode decision scheme is proposed for spatially enhanced layers. The scheme uses the motion estimated at the base layer, to encode the respective MBs in the enhancement layers. The spatial–temporal search schemes at the enhancement layers are used to derive motion vectors and residues that are encoded using a quantization parameter obtained using independent rate control (IRC) scheme. The IRC from the prior art is modified to achieve better rate control per layer by recursive updates for mean absolute difference values of each basic unit. Proposed modified inter-layer dependency shows improvement in the PSNR for enhancement layers while the updated IRC enforces better IRC for all the layers.