A Demand Management Based Crop and Irrigation Planning Using the Simulation-Optimization Approach

Coupled simulation-optimization models are useful tools for solving optimum water allocation and crop planning problems. In this study, the optimum crops pattern in the Arayez plain in the Karkheh river basin in Iran is determined by integration of a network flow programming (NFP) based simulation model and the shuffle frog leaping optimization algorithm (SFLA) in the form of a simulation-optimization approach. MODSIM applies NFP for finding water allocations which by use of its customization ability, the benefit of water supply for the agricultural crops is calculated based on the agronomic equations. The objective function is to maximize the total net benefit gained from crops production where the decision variables which are the irrigation depths and the cultivation areas are optimized by SFLA. Results show that by use of the coupled SFLA-NFP model, the net benefit increases 12% comparing the present situation in the plain. Also, the sensitivity analyses on effective parameters indicate that the potential maximum yield and the net price of the crops yield in the market have a direct impact on the crops optimum cultivation area.     

流域水资源水量水质集成管理模型研究进展

将流域水资源水量水质集成管理模型分为优化模型、模拟模型、优化和模拟相结合模型以及决策支持系统四大类,按此分类总结了目前国内外研究的相关进展,并针对模型中出现的水量水质耦合项,分析了直接求解法、大系统分解协调技术、逐步求解法和情景优选法等水量水质变量的解耦原理和技术,并展望了流域水资源水量水质集成管理模型在水资源优化配置、生态环境需水配置和水资源冲突协调领域中的应用前景。     

干旱区面向生态的水资源合理配置模型与应用

本文基于生态系统服务的动态生态价值评估的基础上,提出了内陆河流域生态用水效益的计算方法,建立了内陆河流域基于生态效益和经济效益统一度量的水资源合理配置模型。考虑内陆河流域水资源多次转化、多次重复利用的特点,将计算单元种植结构优化模型嵌套在水资源转化模拟模型中,实现模拟模型与优化模型的耦合。以甘肃省河西走廊石羊河流域为例,获得了流域水资源在不同区域间与生态用水和经济用水间的合理分配方案。为探索干旱区内陆河流域面向生态的水资源合理配置提供了新的途径。     

Basin-wide Water Resources Planning by Integrating PSO Algorithm and MODSIM

Water resources planning and management at basin scale is such a large and complex problem that makes it essential to use effective modeling tools in order to obtain an optimum plan for river basins development. In this paper, a methodology is presented for optimized design and operation of the upstream Sirvan basin in Iran. The model proposed integrates MODSIM generalized river basin network flow model, with the capability of simulating various characteristics and features of water resources in a river basin, and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. In the developed PSO-MODSIM model, the size of planned dams and water transfer systems, as design variables, and the relative priorities for meeting reservoir target storages, as operational variables, are varied and evolved using PSO algorithm. MODSIM is called to simulate the system performance and to evaluate the fitness of each set of those design and operational variables with respect to the model’s objective function. The PSO objective function is to maximize the total net benefit consisting of benefits due to supplying water to different types of water uses and construction costs of dams and water transfer and/or pumping systems. Varying the design and operational variables in MODSIM 8 is done using the MODSIM’s custom coding feature in VB.NET routine. The PSO-MODSIM model is used to size the planed water storage and transfer components of a river basin system and to allocate water resources optimally over time and space among competing demands, considering coordinated operation of the system components. The model results has been analyzed for different scenarios of water transfer from Sirvan to neighboring basins.     

闸库调度下太子河流域水量水质模拟及响应研究

鉴于太子河流域水资源调控程度高、水污染严重、河流健康状况日趋恶化等特点,在综合考虑各种因素的基础上.采用一维水量水质耦合模型,模拟了太子河典型年的水动力和水质时空分布,系统分析了水文与污染负荷耦合的环境过程.在此基础上,根据太子河流域现状提出不同库群调度方案,评估了各方案下太子河的水质响应过程及其对沿程各站点水质环境的影响.     

Multi-Objective Surface Water Resource Management Considering Conflict Resolution and Utility Function Optimization

In the present research, a multi-objective model is developed for surface water resource management in the river basin area which is connected to the lake. This model considers different components of sustainable water resource management including economic, social and environmental aspects, and simultaneously tries to resolve conflicts between different stakeholders by means of non-symmetric Nash bargaining, which is linked to the multi-objective optimization method. This study proposes a new methodology to improve Nash Conflict Resolution through finding the optimum degree of the utility function. The proposed model is examined in the Zarrineh River basin in Iran. The results show that the amount of available resources or volume of reservoirs play a significant role in determining the optimal degree of the utility function and efficiency of the proposed method in such a way that the higher amount of resources or the larger reservoirs will result in the higher optimal degree of the utility function. In the proposed multi-objective model, two different amounts of surface water inflow are considered. The first assumed amount is the long-term average flow rate and the second one is equal to 80% of the first mode, which is reduced based on the estimated impacts of climate changes. This multi-objective allocation model could supply 100 and 97.5% of the environmental demand of Lake Urmia in the first and second situations, respectively.     

探讨适合长江流域特点的水量分配研究框架

长江流域水资源相对丰富,但存在降水时空分布不均、自然灾害频繁、城市需水增长快、供求矛盾加剧、水污染加重、用水效率低下等水资源问题.三峡水库的建设运用,外流域调水工程的实施打破了长江原有的水平衡.保证流域水资源的合理开发利用与调配对流域社会经济的发展极其重要,了解流域本身的水资源特点和问题,研究河流生态用水,分析不同功能、不同区域的水量分配额度,提出区域社会经济发展的水量分配方案,是水资源管理的基础,也是保障流域水资源的合理调配和可持续开发利用,维护河流健康发展的需求和根本.对适合长江流域特点的水量分配研究框架进行了探讨.     

黑河流域水资源管理模式研究

水资源管理模式是提高水资源动态管理的有效方式,为水资源高效配置和合理利用提供技术支撑。针对黑河流域水资源利用现状与存在的问题,分析和探讨了基于生态需水、水权框架、模拟模型和水资源信息系统的黑河流域水资源管理模式,展望了未来流域水资源发展方向。指出在未来应加强人类活动影响下流域水资源污染研究,流域地表水与地下水联合调度管理和水资源合理配置与流域集成管理研究。     

和田河流域耗水现状分析

和田河流域位于干旱内陆区,降雨稀少,蒸发剧烈,水量散耗是该地区水份运动的主要形式。本文采用和田绿洲散耗型水文模型,对流域耗水现状进行综合分析。分别从河流、水库、地下水、绿洲灌区的耗水水平,流域耗水的年内分配,社会经济与自然生态系统耗水比例等方面体现耗水现状,为和田河流域今后的水土资源合理配置与管理提供参考。     

A Model for Solving the Optimal Water Allocation Problem in River Basins with Network Flow Programming When Introducing Non-Linearities

The allocation of water resources between different users is a traditional problem in many river basins. The objective is to obtain the optimal resource distribution and the associated circulating flows through the system. Network flow programming is a common technique for solving this problem. This optimisation procedure has been used many times for developing applications for concrete water systems, as well as for developing complete decision support systems. As long as many aspects of a river basin are not purely linear, the study of non-linearities will also be of great importance in water resources systems optimisation. This paper presents a generalised model for solving the optimal allocation of water resources in schemes where the objectives are minimising the demand deficits, complying with the required flows in the river and storing water in reservoirs. Evaporation from reservoirs and returns from demands are considered, and an iterative methodology is followed to solve these two non-network constraints. The model was applied to the Duero River basin (Spain). Three different network flow algorithms (Out-of-Kilter, RELAX-IV and NETFLO) were used to solve the allocation problem. Certain convergence issues were detected during the iterative process. There is a need to relate the data from the studied systems with the convergence criterion to be able to find the convergence criterion which yields the best results possible without requiring a long calculation time.     

黄河流域水资源规划优化模型

黄河流域水资源规划优化模型是一个以流域节点图为基础，以线性规划技术核心，数据驱动的通用流域水资源规划模型。它考虑了地表水地下水联合运用，梯级电站补偿调节，变动灌溉定额和防凌，渔业，环境用水等因素，以农业灌溉净效益与水力发电效益之和最大为目标，在全流域内优化水资源分配。本模型通用灵活，功能效全，是一个非常实用的分析和决策辅助工具。     

流域水资源实时调控方法和模型研究

本文采用控制论和临界调控理论，提出流域水资源实时多维临界调控的概念和方法。以黄河下游为例，通过对水资源实时调控过程和不同调控结构的特征分析，建立了黄河小浪底以下河段枯水实时调度模型，并提出了求解方法。该模型以水库调度、河段配水和流量预警控制相结合的调控方式，采用多时间步长嵌套和滚动修正，实现黄河下游水资源实时调控。应用结果表明，该模型技术可靠，具有可操作性。     

Optimal Long-term Operation of Reservoir-river Systems under Hydrologic Uncertainties: Application of Interval Programming

Long-term basin-wide reservoir-river operation optimization problems are usually complex and nonlinear especially when the water quality issues and hydrologic uncertainties are incorporated. It is due to non-convex functions in water quality modeling and a large number of computational iterations required by most of stochastic programming methods. The computational burden of uncertainty modeling can be reduced by a special combination of uncertainty modeling and interval programming, though the problem solution is still a challenge due to model nonlinearity. In this paper, an integrated water quantity-quality model is developed for optimal water allocation at river-basin scale. It considers water supply and quality targets as well as hydrologic, water quality and water demand uncertainties within the nonlinear interval programming (NIP) framework to minimize the slacks in water supply and quality targets during a long-term planning horizon. A fast iterative linear programming (ILP) method is developed to convert the NIP into a linear interval programming (LIP). The ILP resolves two challenges in NIP, first converting the large non-linear programming (NLP) into a linear programming (LP) with minimum approximation and second reducing the iterations needed in interval programming for NLP into just two iterations for the upper and lower limits of decision variables. This modeling approach is applied to the Zayandehrood river basin in Iran that has serious water supply and pollution problems. The results show that in this river basin at dry conditions when available surface water resources are below 85 % of normal hydrologic state and water demands are 115 % of current water demands, the total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration can be reduced by 50 % at the inlet of the Gavkhuni wetland located downstream of the river basin.     

黄河流域干流河段水资源调配多目标优化模型

目前黄河水资源的分配手段仍存在不少问题,用水量同比例丰增枯减不利于黄河水量的合理利用,传统的调度方式也无法使资源、社会达到协调发展。根据黄河水资源的实际情况,考虑各地区用水的公平合理性,建立黄河干流河段多目标优化配水模型,采用改进遗传算法来求解河段优化配水问题。结果表明:经过改进遗传算法的优化求解,可以将黄河干流水资源量科学合理地分配到各河段,全区缺水率控制在10%以下,并且满足河道断面的生态流量需求,符合社会、生态对于水资源开发利用的要求,最大程度地发挥了水资源的综合效益。     

基于水循环的分布式水资源调配模型开发与应用

自以水循环为基础的水资源动态配置模式提出以来,一批基于耦合分布式水文模型的水资源配置模型被先后提出,但其采用的耦合方法往往忽视了经济社会用水过程与天然水文过程之间的动态反馈作用.本文通过改进SWAT模型,并嵌合水资源配置模块,开发了基于水循环的分布式水资源调配模型(Water resources allocation ...     

适应性管理下流域初始水权配置方法研究进展

流域初始水权配置是建立健全初始水权分配制度的重要前提。但是受不确定性因素及因素间的交互耦合的影响,现有流域初始水权的配置方案与产业结构的高级化适配性低,而适应性管理是一个不确定性被辨识和降低的过程。基于此,从适应性管理视角出发,对现有的流域初始水权配置方法进行全面的梳理和动态评述;同时结合我国水资源管理方面的新要求,指出现有配置方法存在的问题,提出了近阶段的研究重点,即面向双控行动下的水资源硬约束,按照"适配性问题诊断——流域初始水权适配方案设计——方案适应性判别及进化调整"的适应性管理思路,开展流域初始水权与产业结构高级化适配研究,以利于初始水权分配制度的建立健全。     

淮河洪汝河流域“多水源—多用户”供水联合调度模型研究及应用

以洪汝河流域为研究对象,基于水库、河道、地下水、区域地表水及其他水资源5类供水水源与12个需水区、县单元的“多水源—多用户”的水资源配置方案,构建系统模拟模型,并进行可视化软件开发。模型采用流域内1997年1月至2006年12月实测降雨资料计算的分区来水成果和通过需水预测得到的2030年水平需水量进行模拟计算,通过供水保障程度等计算结果评价模拟模型和水资源配置方案的合理性,另外软件通过可调节参数的设定增加模型的适应性。结果验证表明,本模型对于研究洪汝河流域区域水资源供、需平衡关系及既有水资源配置方案的合理性,以及模拟预测各年型区域水资源配置保障程度有很好的效果。     

改进的风险决策及NSGA-Ⅱ方法在马莲河流域水资源综合管理中的应用

将马莲河流域系统概化为5个水资源分区,采用指标分析法进行2020和2030年供需水量预测和平衡分析。利用改进的决策树法进行风险分析,将专家咨询概率法引入到决策树敏感性分析中,最终得到2020、2030年的推荐水资源供需分配方案。然后,利用系统分析理论和优化技术建立了流域的大系统、多目标水资源优化配置模型,并采用优化的NSGA-Ⅱ方法进行求解,得到流域2030年推荐水资源配置方案下的最佳分配方案。最后,根据最佳分配方案和预测的流域需水量,进行了流域的水资源平衡分析,通过平衡分析的结果进行流域的综合管理研究。最佳配置方案实现了流域内水资源的最优分配,使宝贵、有限的水资源产生最大的社会、经济及环境效益,为流域经济、能源产业的快速发展提供水资源保障。     

水资源流域管理实施中的相关问题探讨

对水资源流域管理模式实施中产生的相关影响问题进行探讨,指出流域管理和区域管理相结合是水资源管理的最优模式。针对流域管理中产生的行政区域管理与流域管理的相互冲突、水功能区划分、跨流域调水、水资源系统管理以及流域机构的管理职能等问题,从现代管理学、系统论、可持续发展思想等角度,提出了解决问题的思路,并对我国水资源科学管理模式进行了探讨。     

干旱区内陆河流域地貌单元特征及地下水储水构造

对于解决干旱区内陆河流水资源的调蓄问题，人们已习惯采用“高坝大库”的工程技术方案。本文通过分析国内外地下水库的建设经验，结合干旱区内陆河流地貌单元、储水构造特征以及水资源转化特点，提出了建设山间凹陷、山前凹陷和深覆盖河谷型等三种地下水库的具体设想，并以此为基础，提出了一种以地下水库调蓄为主，地下水与地表水统一调度的流域水资源开发利用的新模式，以期使水资源的开发利用更加合理、科学、经济。这种新模式是实现干旱区内陆河流域水资源高效利用、合理配置的有益尝试，充分体现了因地制宜、人与自然和谐的治水新理念。