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1.
基于Stackelberg博弈的变质物品分销网络设计模型   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
黄松  杨超  杨珺 《中国管理科学》2009,17(6):122-129
研究了一类短销售期的变质物品的分销网络设计问题.假定零售商的缺货成本依赖于分配给为其提供服务的分销中心的库存成本,供应商在销售期末给零售商提供第二次订货机会,供应商根据零售商的订货决策确定分销中心的最优选址和确定每个分销中心为哪些零售商提供服务,从而最小化总的运作成本(选址成本,运输成本,库存成本和变质成本),其中分销中心的运输成本和库存成本依赖于零售商确定的订货数量;而零售商则根据供应商的决策确定自身的最优订货决策,利用Stackelberg博弈分析的方法,建立了一类变质物品的分销网络设计模型,并使用拉格朗日松弛算法求解,最后通过数值算例分析了模型最优解对于参数的敏感性.  相似文献   

2.
随机需求下联合选址-库存模型研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
黄松  杨超 《中国管理科学》2009,17(5):96-103
研究了一类具有季节性需求特性的商品的联合选址-库存模型。在传统的无容量限制的固定费用设施选址问题中考虑了分销中心的运作库存和安全库存的影响,以及规模经济效应和风险分摊效应,同时考虑了季节性商品未来需求的不确定性,将订货决策作为模型的决策变量,建立了一类随机需求下以期望销售收益最大化为目标函数的联合选址-库存模型,拓展了已有的联合选址-库存模型。该模型是一个混合整数规划问题,给出了求解该问题的基于拉格朗日松弛算法的两阶段算法,最后通过随机生成四组不同规模的数值算例,得到的计算结果表明拉格朗日松弛算法可以有效地求解该问题。  相似文献   

3.
本文在现有连续近似(CA)模型的基础上,从供应商管理库存(VMI)角度出发,引入了PowerofTwo(POT)周期配送策略,构建了VMI环境下分销网络设计的CA模型。该模型的目标函数不仅包括了分销中心的建设 运营费用、运输费用,而且引进了实际中关注的存储费和订货费;该模型在确定分销网络结构的同时,也确定了各分销中心的库存策略和对其客户的配送策略。文中给出了模型的解法,利用此解法对算例进行求解,并分析了求解的结果,得出各参数变化对解的影响。  相似文献   

4.
通货膨胀下的联合库存选址模型研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
唐凯  杨超  杨君 《管理学报》2009,6(1):24-30
研究了通货膨胀对涉及一个供应商、多个候选配送中心和零售商的三级分销网络设计的影响.不同于传统的联合库存选址模型,所研究的模型考虑了整个系统的相关成本的时间价值,其目标是使在一定的通货膨胀率下总的选址、运输和库存成本之和的现值最小.为此,建立了一个非线性的整数规划模型,该模型为无容量约束问题的扩展模型,属于NP-hard问题.提出了3种基于不同编码形式的遗传算法用于求解该模型,并通过不同规模的算例对3种算法进行了有效性的分析和对比.最后,通过对各算例的计算结果的分析,发现随着通货膨胀率的增长,为了使这个分析网络的总成本现值最小,需要增加建立的DC的数量.  相似文献   

5.
供应链中二级分销网络的优化设计模型   总被引:42,自引:8,他引:34  
赵晓煜  汪定伟   《管理科学》2001,4(4):22-26
从供应链的集成和协调的角度出发 ,提出了在多工厂、多产品、多客户环境下 ,考虑需求分配的二级分销网络优化设计模型 .模型体现了在设计分销网络时 ,根据制造企业各分厂的生产能力和各客户区 (需求地 )对不同产品的需求情况 ,合理的将对产品的需求分配到各个分厂 ,制定相应的生产计划 ,以降低生产和分销环节的总费用 .文中还讨论了采用启发式算法同传统的分枝定界法相结合以提高问题的求解速度 ,并给出了一个数值例子 .  相似文献   

6.
分销网络优化模型及算法研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了优化网络结构,寻求最佳配送策略,最终找出成本最小的供应链,针对需求拖动式供应链中,多供应商、多产品、多客户分销配送网络的优化设计问题,在考虑需求分配的情况下,提出了分销配送网络的优化模型。为了求解优化模型,提出了基于混合遗传算法求解混合0-1整数规划问题的算法,它是用遗传算法搜索0-1变量的最优解,将其他算法融入遗传算法中,对非0-1变量进行求解的一种算法。最后通过两个算例进行了仿真实验,初步验证了优化模型和算法的有效性。  相似文献   

7.
基于双层规划的供应链二级分销网络优化设计模型   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
从供应链集成的角度出发,利用双层规划模型描述了二级分销网络优化问题,充分考虑了网络决策部门及客户双方的自身及共同利益。同时设计了启发式求解算法,最后用一简单实例验证了模型及其算法的有效性。  相似文献   

8.
企业分销物流网络节点布局属于企业物流战略规划层次的问题,其合理与否直接影响到企业的运作成本和客户服务水平,从而对其市场竞争能力产生重要影响。本文正是基于此背景下,对企业物流系统的一个主要分枝—分销物流网络系统的期成绩节点布局问题进行分析研究。文中从定性和定量两个方面提出了企业分销物流网络体系节点布局的设计方法。  相似文献   

9.
考虑上游生产和下游需求不确定性,研究了由工厂、分销中心及终端市场构成的生产-分销网络优化设计问题。针对上游生产不确定性,考虑产生故障和无故障两种状态;针对下游市场需求不确定性,考虑其具有低、中和高三种状态。由于生产发生故障可能导致不合格品的产生,进一步考虑了在上游生产环节是否实施产品监测问题。综合网络运作成本和由不确定性导致的绩效风险,建立了由风险厌恶水平和悲观系数刻画的基于均值-条件风险值(CVaR)准则的生产-分销网络两阶段随机规划模型。特别地,针对由网络潜在节点数众多所导致的不确定情景规模过大的问题,采用情景缩减技术进行了情景筛选,降低了所建模型的求解难度。最后,进行了数值计算,分析了相关参数对网络运作绩效的影响,并给出了期望成本和条件风险值两个目标权衡的帕累托有效前沿。进一步,通过回归试验设计检验了决策者风险厌恶水平和悲观系数对所设计的生产-分销网络绩效的影响程度。结果表明,相对于决策者的风险厌恶程度,悲观系数对网络运作绩效的影响更大。  相似文献   

10.
11.
服务水平保证下应急抢修点选址模型及求解算法研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文研究了一类故障率低但重要性较高设备的应急抢修点选址问题。设备的故障发生过程和从应急抢修点到故障设备的通行时间是随机的,每个设备被分配给一个应急抢修点进行抢修,并且整个应急抢修系统的服务水平要大于给定标准。本文以应急抢修点总开设成本最小作为目标,同时考虑了设备覆盖约束、抢修分配关系约束和抢修系统服务水平约束,在合理的假设下证明设备发生故障且应急抢修小组迟到的总次数服从泊松分布,最终将应急抢修点选址问题描述为一个0-1整数规划模型。通过对模型中的覆盖约束和抢修系统服务水平约束进行松弛,设计了相应的拉格朗日启发式算法。最后通过对大量随机算例进行计算,证明了该模型和算法的有效性。  相似文献   

12.
    
Pre‐positioning emergency inventory in selected facilities is commonly adopted to prepare for potential disaster threat. In this study, we simultaneously optimize the decisions of facility location, emergency inventory pre‐positioning, and relief delivery operations within a single‐commodity disaster relief network. A min‐max robust model is proposed to capture the uncertainties in both the left‐ and right‐hand‐side parameters in the constraints. The former corresponds to the proportions of the pre‐positioned inventories usable after a disaster attack, while the latter represents the demands of the inventories and the road capacities in the disaster‐affected areas. We study how to solve the robust model efficiently and analyze a special case that minimizes the deprivation cost. The application of the model is illustrated by a case study of the 2010 earthquake attack at Yushu County in Qinghai Province of PR China. The advantage of the min‐max robust model is demonstrated through comparison with the deterministic model and the two‐stage stochastic model for the same problem. Experiment variants also show that the robust model outperforms the other two approaches for instances with significantly larger scales.  相似文献   

13.
    
Stochastic scenario trees are a new and popular method by which surveillance systems can be analyzed to demonstrate freedom from pests and disease. For multiple component systems—such as a combination of a serological survey and systematically collected observations—it can be difficult to represent the complete system in a tree because many branches are required to represent complex conditional relationships. Here we show that many of the branches of some scenario trees have identical outcomes and are therefore redundant. We demonstrate how to prune branches and derive compact representations of scenario trees using matrix algebra and Bayesian belief networks. The Bayesian network representation is particularly useful for calculation and exposition. It therefore provides a firm basis for arguing disease freedom in international forums.  相似文献   

14.
    
We consider the retail planning problem in which the retailer chooses suppliers and determines the production, distribution, and inventory planning for products with uncertain demand to minimize total expected costs. This problem is often faced by large retail chains that carry private‐label products. We formulate this problem as a convex‐mixed integer program and show that it is strongly NP‐hard. We determine a lower bound by applying a Lagrangian relaxation and show that this bound outperforms the standard convex programming relaxation while being computationally efficient. We also establish a worst‐case error bound for the Lagrangian relaxation. We then develop heuristics to generate feasible solutions. Our computational results indicate that our convex programming heuristic yields feasible solutions that are close to optimal with an average suboptimality gap at 3.4%. We also develop managerial insights for practitioners who choose suppliers and make production, distribution, and inventory decisions in the supply chain.  相似文献   

15.
We study Connected Facility Location problems. We are given a connected graph G=(V,E) with nonnegative edge cost c e for each edge eE, a set of clients DV such that each client jD has positive demand d j and a set of facilities FV each has nonnegative opening cost f i and capacity to serve all client demands. The objective is to open a subset of facilities, say , to assign each client jD to exactly one open facility i(j) and to connect all open facilities by a Steiner tree T such that the cost is minimized for a given input parameter M≥1. We propose a LP-rounding based 8.29 approximation algorithm which improves the previous bound 8.55 (Swamy and Kumar in Algorithmica, 40:245–269, 2004). We also consider the problem when opening cost of all facilities are equal. In this case we give a 7.0 approximation algorithm.  相似文献   

16.
层次型应急设施布局模型及其应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
应急设施的特殊性决定了应急设施布局作为特殊的设施布局问题,必须更加注重及时性。应急服务的级别决定应急布局模型的考虑因素,现实中往往同时布局多个层次的应急设施,本文基于一个p-中心重心的混合模型,建立了层次型应急设施布局模型。根据应急服务的真实情况,该模型对距离的测算进行了改进,以交通网络距离代替欧氏距离。最后,将其应用于上海市上海某区的医疗设施布局。  相似文献   

17.
    
We consider two capacity choice scenarios for the optimal location of facilities with fixed servers, stochastic demand, and congestion. Motivating applications include virtual call centers, consisting of geographically dispersed centers, walk‐in health clinics, motor vehicle inspection stations, automobile emissions testing stations, and internal service systems. The choice of locations for such facilities influences both the travel cost and waiting times of users. In contrast to most previous research, we explicitly embed both customer travel/connection and delay costs in the objective function and solve the location–allocation problem and choose facility capacities simultaneously. The choice of capacity for a facility that is viewed as a queueing system with Poisson arrivals and exponential service times could mean choosing a service rate for the servers (Scenario 1) or choosing the number of servers (Scenario 2). We express the optimal service rate in closed form in Scenario 1 and the (asymptotically) optimal number of servers in closed form in Scenario 2. This allows us to eliminate both the number of servers and the service rates from the optimization problems, leading to tractable mixed‐integer nonlinear programs. Our computational results show that both problems can be solved efficiently using a Lagrangian relaxation optimization procedure.  相似文献   

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