31例肝局灶性结节状增生的影像学检查结果对比分析

【目的】分析肝局灶性结节状增生超声、CT、核磁共振影像学结果,明确各种检查的诊断价值,提高肝局灶性结节状增生诊断的准确率,避免不必要的手术治疗。【方法】回顾性分析31例（33个病灶）经病理证实的肝局灶性结节状增生患者的超声、CT、核磁共振影像检查的结果。【结果】31例患者（33个病灶）中,二维灰阶超声诊断为良性病变18个病灶,彩色多普勒超声诊断为良性病变26仓病灶,22个病灶CT诊断为良性病变．共有26个病灶MRI诊断为肝局灶性结节状增生;其中行超声造影者9例,8例均诊断为肝局灶性结节状增生。【结论】彩色多普勒超声与MRI对肝局灶性结节状增生的良恶性诊断大体一致,但是MRI对肝局灶性结节状增生的定性诊断明显高于彩超;而超声造影是所有影像定性诊断中最准确的方法。     

超声对肝局灶性结节样增生的诊断价值

目的探讨肝局灶性结节样增生(FNH)的超声表现及其诊断价值.方法 28例均行超声及生化检查,并均经手术及病理证实.结果 28例FNH中共有30个病灶,超声全部检出.二维超声多表现为低或稍低回声(83%),多发生于近肝缘处(79%);13例彩色多普勒显示动脉频谱者占69%,呈轮辐状血流信号者占23%.生化检查发现所有病例AFP均阴性.结论常规超声结合彩色多普勒超声和AFP阴性可提高FNH的诊断准确性.     

肝局灶性结节性增生18例病理诊断和鉴别诊断

目的：分析肝局灶性结节性增生（FNH）的病理组织学分型，病理诊断和鉴别诊断。方法：报道18例肝局灶性结节性增生，主要从病理大体，光镜和免疫组化方面进行观察。结果：18例肝局灶性结节性增生以中青年居多，男女之比为2．6：1，本组18例FNH有14例为经典型，2例为毛细血管扩张型，1例为混合型，1例为伴肝细胞不典型增生型。结论：提出此病的病理诊断要点及分型，对肝局灶性结节性增生与肝腺瘤样增生性结节，肝间变性结节状增生，分化好的肝细胞癌，肝纤维板层癌及肝细胞腺瘤的鉴别诊断作了简要讨论。     

超声造影与彩色多普勒超声对肝实质性肿块诊断价值

目的比较彩色多普勒超声和实时超声造影在肝实质性肿块中的诊断价值。方法应用彩色多普勒超声及超声造影技术对常规二维超声难以定性的29例患者共33个肝实质性肿块进行检查,结果与手术及病理结果相对照。结果33个肿块中原发性肝细胞性肝癌24个,肝血管瘤3个,肝脏局灶性结节增生3个,局限性脂肪肝2个,肝孤立性坏死结节1个。彩色多普勒超声在肿块内部或肿块周边能检测到动脉血流频谱者共19例21个肿块;超声造影除一例肝孤立性坏死结节外,其余32个病灶均在不同时相出现不同程度强化现象。如以动脉相呈高回声而门脉相及延迟相呈低回声为恶性肿块的诊断标准,则超声造影对肝癌诊断的准确性为92%;如以肿块内部检测到动脉样血流频谱为诊断恶性肿块的诊断标准,则彩色多普勒超声诊断肝癌的准确性为75%,二者差别有显著性(P<0.05)。结论实时超声造影显著提高肝实质性肿块诊断的准确性,对肝脏实质性肿块良、恶性的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

彩色多普勒超声在脾结核诊断与分型中的临床价值

【目的】探讨彩色多普勒超声检查对脾结核诊断与分型的临床价值。【方法】选择经手术、穿刺活检病理证实或抗结核治疗治愈而确诊的29例脾结核,分析其彩色多普勒声像特征及临床分型。【结果129例患者中粟粒型8例,脾实质回声弥漫性增强,彩色多普勒示脾门及脾实质内血流丰富,血彩明亮;结节型11例,脾内单发或多发的弱回声结节,血流信号不丰富;脓肿型4例,脾实质内圆型低回声,内部无血流信号,周围脾实质内血管受压、推移,血流指数增高;钙化型6例,脾内散在分布多发点状或片状强回声钙化灶,血流未见明显异常。【结论】彩色多普勒超声检查能为脾结核的诊断与分型提供诊断依据。     

重度慢性放射性膀胱炎的彩色多普勒超声诊断与分型

目的：探讨重度慢性放射性膀胱炎的彩色多普勒超声声像图特点、分型及诊断价值。方法：对32例经手术、膀胱镜及病理检查证实的重度慢性放射性膀胱炎的声像图资料进行分析、归类,并结合病理机制进行分型及超声鉴别诊断。结果：本组彩超诊断符合率为78.1%（25/32例）。根据超声所见及手术、膀胱镜和病理结果,将其声像图表现分为3型,Ⅰ型：局灶性增厚型18例;Ⅱ型：结节型7例;Ⅲ型：弥漫增厚型7例。结论：彩色多普勒超声对重度慢性放射性膀胱炎的定位和定性诊断具有重要价值,在鉴别诊断上具有重要意义。     

彩色多普勒超声在肝脏占位性病变中的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在肝脏占位性病变诊断中的临床价值。方法对62例经CT或者病理检查证实的肝脏占位性病变患者（其中原发性肝癌的18例,转移性肝癌14例,肝血管瘤22例,肝硬化增生结节8例）采用彩色多普勒超声进行检查。结果原发性和转移性肝癌患者血流灌注指数（DPI）、阻力比（RR）值均显著高于肝血管瘤以及肝硬化增生结节患者（P〈0.05）,肝硬化增生结节患者门静脉充血指数（PCI）、肝总血流量（TLBF）值均显著高于其他肝脏占位性病变患者（P〈0.05）。结论彩色多普勒超声可提供多个血流参数指标,显著提高对肝脏占位性病变的诊断和鉴别水平。     

甲状腺结节病变诊断中彩色多普勒超声的应用意义分析

目的:研究并探讨甲状腺结节病变诊断中彩色多普勒超声的应用价值。方法:于2014年1月~2016年6月,选取该阶段内我院收治的135例疑似甲状腺结节病变患者作为此次研究的对象,所有患者均接受彩色多普勒超声检查,以手术病理诊断结果作为诊断金标准,计算彩色多普勒超声对甲状腺结节病变的诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。计算彩色多普勒超声对甲状腺结节良性病变、恶性病变的诊断符合率,并计算彩色多普勒超声与手术病理诊断结果之间的一致性。结果:135例疑似甲状腺结节病变患者中,共有126例患者经手术病理诊断被确诊为甲状腺结节病变。彩色多普勒超声对甲状腺结节病变的诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为92.86%、100%、93.33%、100%、50%,彩色多普勒超声与手术病理诊断结果之间的一致性Kappa=0.728。彩色多普勒超声对甲状腺结节良性病变、恶性病变的诊断符合率为93.6%、90%。结论:采用彩色多普勒超声对甲状腺结节病变进行诊断,具有较高的诊断准确性,可有效鉴别区分良性病变和恶性病变。     

肝脏局灶性结节状增生的超声表现

目的总结肝脏局灶性结节状增生的超声表现。方法62例肝脏局灶性结节增生患者共70个病灶接受了二维灰阶超声和彩色多普勒超声检查,总结病灶的灰阶超声、彩色多普勒超声特征。结果灰阶超声显示82.9%(5870)的病灶位于肝右叶,17.1%(1270)病灶位于肝左叶。74.3%(5270)的病灶为等或稍低回声,17.1%(1270)的病灶为低回声,8.6%(670)的病灶为高回声;92.9%(6570)的病灶彩色多普勒超声测得动脉血流信号。其中显示Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级及Ⅰ级血供的病灶分别为68.6%(4870)、18.6%(1370)、5.7%(470)。峰值流速14.4～113cms,其均值为46.5±24.2cms,阻力指数为0.4～0.7,其均值为0.55±0.07。结论肝脏局灶性结节状增生具有较特征性的超声表现,了解这些特点有助于诊断与鉴别诊断。     

灰阶超声造影对复发性肝癌的诊断价值

目的评价灰阶超声造影检查对复发性肝癌的诊断价值.方法对复发性肝癌46例与肝血管瘤20例、肝局灶性结节性增生16例,采用SonoVue行灰阶超声造影检查.所有病例均经手术或超声引导下穿刺活检病理证实.结果造影后82例肝肿瘤性病变均表现不同程度的增强.复发性肝癌多表现为快速消退型,如以快速消退型作为复发性肝癌的诊断指标,则超声造影诊断复发性肝癌的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为93.5%、100%和96.3%,与肝血管瘤的自周围向中心结节样快速或缓慢充填,并呈持续增强型明显不同,同样与肝局灶性结节性增生多表现为动脉相快速自中心向外周放射状的持续增强也明显不同.结论灰阶超声造影对复发性肝癌的诊断有较高的敏感性、特异性及准确性.复发性肝癌由于肝内解剖与病理的特点造成其部分病例超声造影表现不典型,可能与其血流动力学及生物学特性有关,值得深入研究.     

Natural course of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia: a long-term follow-up study with sonography

PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the natural course of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) in a long-term follow-up study with sonography. METHOD: This study comprised 30 patients (24 women and 6 men) with 34 FNHs. Diagnosis of FNH was made using color Doppler sonography, contrast-enhanced CT, or MRI in combination with needle biopsy. Patients were followed every 3 to 6 months with sonography. Regression or progression of tumor was defined as a change of over 30% in maximal diameter. Disappearance was defined as no vizualization of the tumor on at least 3 follow-up sonographic examinations. RESULTS: Thirty-four FNHs were followed over a mean period of 42 months (range, 7-95 months). Twenty-four lesions (70.6%) were stable in size, 1 (2.9%) progressed, and 9 (26.5%) regressed. Of those that regressed, 6 (17.6%) disappeared over a mean period of 59 +/- 30 months (range, 20-95 months). Older age (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.02-1.56; p < 0.05) and longer follow-up time (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.21; p < 0.05) were the independent factors associated with complete regression of FNH. CONCLUSION: Most FNHs were stable or regressed/disappeared after a long follow-up period. Based on the benign course, conservative treatment for asymptomatic FNH should be advocated.     

肝脏局灶性结节性增生的超声诊断

目的　探讨超声对肝脏局灶性结节性增生(FNH)的诊断价值。方法　对10例共10个手术及病理证实的FNH进行超声分析。结果　FNH在常规B超上多表现为低回声及均匀的实质回声,偶见低回声的星状疤痕,但总体上缺乏较特异的声像图表现;而彩色多普勒可显示一粗大的彩色血流伸入病灶中央并分支,显示率为70%,部分呈轮辐状排列(20%),有一定的特征。结论　彩色多普勒结合常规B超可提高超声对FNH诊断的准确性     

Hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia: findings with color Doppler sonography

Color Doppler sonographic images of five patients with a total of six lesions of FNH were reviewed. All cases were confirmed pathologically. All six lesions showed increased intralesional flow in comparison to surrounding liver parenchyma on color Doppler sonography. Four of the six lesions showed significant peripheral flow; two of the six lesions showed central flow radiating peripherally from a central vessel. We conclude that increased color Doppler flow may be a characteristic feature of FNH. Increased internal flow has also been reported in HCC and hepatic metastatic disease. Considerable overlap is seen in color Doppler flow patterns. However, in patients clinically at low risk for malignancy, detection of a liver mass with increased color Doppler flow should suggest the diagnosis of FNH.     

肝局灶性结节性增生的超声和CT对照分析

目的 探讨肝局灶性结节性增生（FNH）的超声和CT表现及其诊断价值。方法 15例住院病例行超声与CT检查。结果 15例FNH均经手术及病理证实,共有16个病灶,其中右叶9个,左叶6个,尾叶1个,B超和CT均全部检出,B超多表现为低或略低回声（88%）,可有浅淡暗环（44%）;彩色多普勒显示有粗大血管进入病灶内并分支（81%）,可呈轮辐状血流（19%）,脉冲多普勒均测及动脉血流,阻力指数平均为0.54。CT表现为病灶增强后,早期明显强化（100%）,星状疤痕显示率为44%,门静脉期及延迟扫描多呈等密度（75%）,常规B超联合彩色多普勒超声诊断FNH的符合率为50%;CT诊断FNH的符合率为50%。结论 常规超声联合彩色多普勒超声和CT增强结合动脉扫描可提高FNH的诊断准确性。     

肝脏局灶性结节增生的超声造影表现及相关因素

目的 探讨肝脏局灶性结节增生(FNH)的CEUS表现,分析其相关因素。方法 对49例经病理确诊的FNH患者行CEUS检查,观察三期增强模式、离心性增强、轮辐状动脉、供血动脉和中央瘢痕,并分析上述各征象与病灶大小及肝脏背景的关系。结果 49例中,三期最常见的增强模式分别为动脉期高增强(45/49,91.84%)、门脉期等增强(25/49,51.02%)及延迟期等增强(21/49,42.86%);离心性增强27例(55.10%),轮辐状血管14例(28.57%),可见供血动脉33例(67.34%),中央瘢痕13例(26.53%)。在≤3 cm和≤5 cm的FNH中分别有15例(15/21,71.43%)和25例(25/38,65.79%)检出离心性增强,在≤3 cm的FNH中未见中央瘢痕,但不同大小的FNH中轮辐状动脉(P=0.78)和供血动脉(P=0.62)的检出率差异无统计学意义。不同肝脏背景的FNH中,4种CEUS典型征象的检出率差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 FNH最常见的三期增强模式为"高-等-等";离心性增强常见于较小的FNH,而较大FNH多可见中央瘢痕。     

肝脏局限性结节性增生的超声与病理对照研究

目的：讨论肝脏局限性结节性增生（FNH）的超声表现及病理基础。方法：回顾性分析13个病理证实的FNH的超声特点并与病理对照。结果：结节大小为2．4－13．7cm,低回声8例,等回声4例,中高回声1例,5例病灶内见星状强回声区,B超显示4例结节内血管图像,多普勒超声于病灶内记录到丰富的低阻动脉频谱（能量多普勒显示全部病灶,彩色多普勒示11／13呈富血供）,7例病灶内血管呈放射状排列。结论 ;彩色多普勒和能量多普勒超声能够显示FNH的特征性血流表现,提高对FNH的诊断率。     

Hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia: findings on color Doppler ultrasound

Background: We assessed the color Doppler ultrasound (US) findings in focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH). Methods: Seven FNH lesions were imaged with color Doppler US and hepatic angiography. Results: In four lesions, color Doppler demonstrated a central stellate vascular appearance which correlated with central feeding artery with spoke-wheel sign angiographically. Except for one lesion, color Doppler US imaging correlated with angiographic findings. Conclusions: Color Doppler US is capable of demonstrating the typical findings of a central feeding artery and stellate vascular pattern in many cases of FNH. Received: 30 August 1995/Accepted after revision: 21 March 1996     

Power Doppler imaging and evaluation of the resistive index in focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver

Focal lesions of the liver represent a significant diagnostic problem for various imaging modalities. The aim of this study was to assess the value of power Doppler sonography versus conventional color Doppler imaging in the depiction of hypervascular focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) of the liver and to investigate the resistive index (RI) in the lesions' feeding arteries. Eighteen histologically proved FNHs in 14 patients were evaluated by gray-scale ultrasound, conventional color Doppler, and power Doppler sonography. With conventional color Doppler, a feeding arterial vessel could be depicted in only 4/18 lesions and hypervascularization was detected in 6/18 lesions. Power Doppler was more sensitive in detecting feeding arteries (16/18) within hypervascular lesions (15/18). RI values in the feeding arteries (mean = 0.51) significantly differed from those in the main hepatic artery or its intraparenchymal branches (mean = 0.68) in the same patient. The mean RI-difference was 0.19, suggesting hemodynamically significant arteriovenous shunting. Power Doppler sonography significantly increases sensitivity in the diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver and reliably permits the distinction of these lesions from hepatocellular carcinomas. Received: 17 January 1996/Accepted after revision: 8 May 1996     

超声造影对肝局灶性结节增生的诊断价值

目的探讨超声造影对肝局灶性结节增生（FNH）的诊断价值。方法对17例FNH的灰阶超声、彩色多普勒超声、超声造影诊断情况进行分析比较。结果灰阶超声对FNH无特异的声像图改变；彩色多普勒超声诊断为FNH6例，符合率为35．3％（6／17）；超声造影检查11例，均探测到供血动脉及动脉早期轮辐状增强，诊断符合率为100％。结论超声造影可提高对FNH的诊断水平。     

实时灰阶超声造影和螺旋CT诊断肝肿瘤的比较研究

目的比较实时超声造影和螺旋CT显示肝肿瘤血流信号的特点.方法对29例肝肿瘤(原发性肝癌16例,转移性肝癌2例,血管瘤6例和肝局灶性结节增生5例)分别进行超声造影和CT检查.结果超声造影显示肝恶性肿瘤的整体型、血管瘤的周边型及局灶性结节增生的中央型出现率显著高于其他病变(P<0.01).CT示恶性肿瘤中94.4%(17/18) 动脉期强化、门脉期低密度;血管瘤中83.3%(5/6)呈结节状强化;肝局灶性结节增生动脉期均明显强化.超声造影和CT鉴别肝肿瘤的能力无显著差异.结论超声造影和CT都能敏感地显示不同肝肿瘤的血供特征.