不同来源的小豆品种在中泰之间的遗传差异与聚类分析

通过对来自中国北部、中部和南部不同纬度地区的114个小豆品种在江苏南京和泰国农业大学的农艺性状进行研究。研究结果表明：与栽培在江苏相比，小豆品种在泰国热带地区表现为株高降低、生育期缩短，百粒重、每荚粒数、和单株产量均有所降低，但分枝数和每荚粒数变化不大。从不同来源的群体来看，来自中国北部的品种的农艺性状在泰国的变异系数大于中部品种，而南部品种引种至泰国后农艺性状的变异系数最小。通过对产量因子的相关分析表明，单株荚数对产量的相关系数最大（0．75）。而其它性状如分枝数（0．30）和每荚粒数（0．21）与产量的相关系数不大，而百粒重（0．07）对产量的相关系数最小。聚类分析的结果表明，以上114个小豆品种可划分为中国北部1、中国北部2、中部、南部4个大类。显示了北部品种之间有较大的遗传差异。     

黄淮海地区夏大豆农艺性状的遗传变异、相关及主成分分析

以黄淮海地区87个大豆常规栽培品种为材料,对12个产量相关的农艺性状进行了遗传变异、相关及主成分分析。结果表明:在所有供试品种中,变异系数最大的是有效分枝数,最小的是生育期;亚有限型夏大豆底荚高度、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重和百粒重的变异系数(18.38%～27.56%)较大;有限型夏大豆株高、底荚高度、单株荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重的变异系数(21.02%～28.04%)较大。在亚有限型夏大豆品种中,产量与每荚粒数、单株粒重、百粒重呈极显著正相关,与有效分枝数呈极显著负相关,与生育期呈显著负相关。在有限型夏大豆品种中,产量与茎粗呈极显著正相关,与底荚高度呈显著正相关,与其它农艺性状相关性不显著。亚有限和有限结荚习性的大豆性状主成分分析中,前4个主成分对变异的累计贡献率分别为79.92%和79.50%。对以亚有限和有限型为主的黄淮海地区夏大豆在进行单株选择时,应根据其不同的结荚习性而有所侧重。对于亚有限型品种,应选择株高和生育期适中,有效分枝数较少,而每荚粒数、百粒重均较大的品种。对于有限型品种,应选择茎基部较粗,株高和底荚高度较高,主茎节数较多,单株荚数、单株粒数较多的品种。     

套作大豆农艺性状与产量的关系研究

通过模拟"玉米-大豆"带状套作,分析了133份大豆材料的农艺性状与产量的关系。结果表明:参试大豆材料表型性状的变异系数为6.44%~52.49%,各性状平均遗传多样性指数达到1.929 3,说明参试大豆材料存在比较丰富的表型多样性。相关分析表明,产量与主茎节数、有效分枝数、单株荚数、每荚粒数、分枝粒重、分枝粒重占比、营养生长期、生育期呈极显著正相关关系。多元线性逐步回归得到7个与产量呈极显著的农艺性状,正效应因子排序为:每荚粒数分枝粒重百粒重主茎节数单株荚数营养生长期,负效应因子为株高。对这7个农艺性状的通径分析表明,综合效应排名为:分枝粒重单株荚数主茎节数营养生长期每荚粒数株高百粒重。根据主成分得分并借助权重计算的综合得分把133份大豆材料聚类成4类,其中第Ⅳ类大豆分枝数、单株荚数、每荚粒数和主茎节数较多,营养生长期和生育期较长,株高适中,百粒重较小,底荚较高,适宜在套作模式中推广。     

四川小豆地方品种资源的形态多样性研究

对47份来自四川的小豆地方品种资源进行了形态多样性的调查研究,结果表明:⑴参试品种资源群体中,与产量密切相关的株高、主茎分枝数、单株荚数、单荚粒数和百粒重等性状的变异系数均较大,依次为单株荚数(24.68%)、百粒重(23.71%)、株高(21.06%)、主茎分枝数(19.75%)、单荚粒数(14.13%);⑵四川小豆地方品种资源具有丰富的形态多样性,平均多样性指数为1.490;⑶依据14个形态性状的鉴定数据,应用非加权配对法聚类,将参试品种划分为三个类群,这三个类群的划分与生长习性、生育期、粒重、粒色等性状关系密切。     

辽宁省大豆更替品种主要农艺性状研究

本文研究了建国以来辽宁省大豆更替品种主要农艺性状的遗传改进及主要农艺性状与更替品种产量的关系。总的趋势是13个性状中除了分枝数以外其余性状均有不同程度的增长，其中三粒英数、分枝英数、单株粒重、粒茎比、株高及主茎节数的增长量较大，生育期变化量最小。相关与通径分析结果表明，单株粒重与单株荚数、主茎荚数、分枝荚数、百粒重和粒茎比有直接相关效应。单株荚数对单株产量的直接效应最大，是影响单株产量的主要因子。     

西南夏大豆种质资源的筛选与鉴定

通过对136份夏大豆种质资源的12项农艺性状及产量性状进行综合分析与评价,筛选出适宜西南地区的夏大豆种质。结果表明:参试品种表型性状的变异系数为6.30%~47.06%,说明参试种质资源有着比较丰富的表型多样性。通过对12项性状的相关分析表明,单株粒重与有效分枝数、主茎节数、单株荚数、每荚粒数、营养生长期和生育期呈极显著正相关,与最低分枝高度呈极显著负相关。对产量和其他性状进行多元线性逐步回归表明,单株荚数、每荚粒数、百粒重和最低分枝高度可以解释89.9%的因变量变异。通径分析表明,每荚粒数对产量的直接正效应最大,最低分枝高度的直接作用和综合作用均表现为负,综合效应排列次序为:单株荚数每荚粒数百粒重最低分枝高。利用主成分分析可以提取出3个主成分来反映这12项性状指标的信息,累计贡献率达65.08%。根据主成分得分并借助权重计算的综合得分把136份大豆品种聚类成4类,其中第Ⅰ类的8个大豆材料表现为株高较高、底荚较高、最低分枝高较低、主茎节数较多、单株荚数和每荚粒数较多、百粒重较小,生育期较长,适宜作为西南地区的育种材料。     

辽宁省杂交育成大豆品种主要农艺性状的遗传改进

辽宁省从１９６７年到１９９３年杂交育成大豆品种主要农艺性状遗传改进的趋势是：单株粒重、单株荚数、每荚粒数、单株粒数、百粒重、分枝荚数、分枝粒数、分枝粒重、茎粗增加，生育期、株高、倒伏度减少，其中单株粒重、单株荚数、单株粒数、生育期、株高、茎粗先期变化大而后期变化小，每荚粒数、百粒重、分枝荚数、分枝粒数、分枝粒重先期变化小而后期变化大；主茎节数、主茎荚数、每节荚数、主茎粒数、主茎粒重、生育后期、粒茎比呈先增后减趋势；节间长度、分枝数、生育前期、干茎重呈先减后增趋势     

黑龙江省大豆主栽品种主要性状灰色关联度分析

为了寻求对黑龙江省三江平原地区大豆产量影响较大的主要农艺性状,从而为龙江地区大豆育种工作提供理论依据.应用灰色关联度分析方法,分析黑龙江省大豆品种主要性状对其产量的影响.结果表明:产量与主要性状的关联度大小依次为单株粒数＞单株荚数＞结荚层数＞有效分枝＞株高＞主茎节数＞百粒重＞单株粒重＞底荚高度,对黑龙江省大豆产量影响最大的是单株粒数,影响较大的是单株荚数、结荚层数,影响中等的是有效分枝＞株高＞主茎节数＞百粒重,影响较小的是单株粒重和底荚高度.     

云南省适宜与玉米间作大豆品种的筛选与鉴定

为了筛选和鉴定适宜云南省与玉米间作的大豆品种,本研究在玉米与大豆间作条件下,采用灰色关联度和系统聚类分析方法对44个大豆品种(系)的10个农艺及产量性状进行综合分析及评价。结果表明:参试品种各性状的变异系数的变异范围为7.3%~51.2%,说明各地大豆资源的表型多样性比较丰富。灰色关联分析表明影响间作大豆产量的性状依次为单株粒数、主茎节数、百粒重、单株荚数、分枝数、倒伏性、株高、节间长度、每荚粒数。利用系统聚类法将44个大豆品种分为了3大类,各类群性状之间的差异较明显,其中单株荚多、单株粒多、分枝多、百粒重适中的第一类是比较适宜与玉米间作的大豆品种(系)。     

夏大豆单株产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析

应用灰色系统理论中灰色关联度分析的方法对山东省新育成的18个大豆新品种的主要农艺性状与单株产量进行了关联度分析，结果表明：有限结英习性的大豆品种单株产量与主要农艺性状的关联度从大到小的排列顺序依次为：主茎节数、百粒重、单株英数、株高、单株粒数、底荚高、分枝数；而亚有限结英习性的大豆品种单株产量与主要农艺性状的关联度从大到小依次为：单株粒数、单株荚数、主茎节数、株高、百粒重、底荚高、分枝数。明确了夏大豆主要农艺性状对单株产量的影响关系，为选育高产夏大豆品种提供参考依据。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。