低温热水地板辐射采暖的Yong分析

本文建立了采暖系统的Yong分析模型，利用所建立的模型，对地板辐射采暖和传统的散热器采暖两种采暖方式进行了Yong分析。结果表明，当地板辐射采暖的供回水温度为45℃／35℃时，与传统的散热器采暖相比，其Yong效率大约高18％，地板辐射采暖所需供水温度低，可以充分利用各种低温热源及工业废热等低品位能量，是一种具有发展潜力的节能型采暖方式。     

地热采暖地板

地热采暖地板又称低温热水辐射采暖地板。低温地板辐射是一种利用建筑物内部地面进行采暖的系统。它是将整个地面作为散热器在地板结构层内铺设管道，     

低温水地板辐射采暖实例分析

通过实例分析了低温水地板辐射采暖方式与传统对流采暖方式在人体热舒适方面的差异,指出这是一种舒适节能的供暖方式,建议在新建建筑及现有供暖系统改造中大力推广。     

低温地板辐射采暖的节能分析

介绍低温热水地板辐射采暖特点,分析保温材料对保证地板采暖使用寿命和绝热层的作用。通过采暖技术的经济性分析,得出不同采暖技术的工程造价,从而得出地板辐射采暖与散热器采暖和空调系统采暖相比费用最低、热效率高,是减少建筑能耗有效方法的结论。     

太阳能采暧新方法

地板低温辐射采暖,由于利用了低温面辐射方式供暖,室内水平温度分布均匀,垂直温度梯度小,符合脚暖头凉的人体生理需要,使得热舒适感非常理想,对人体具有一定的保健作用.另外,地板辐射采暖时的实感温度比非地板采暖时的实感温度要高2℃左右,所以,其室内设计温度可比通常方式低2℃,具有明显的节能效果.     

灰铸铁翼型散热器结构性能分析

１概况 我国采暖散热器发展至今已有多种形式，按其材质可分为：灰铸铁散热器、钢制散热器、铝制散热器、低温热水地板辐射采暖和低温辐射电热膜采暖装置等。每种材质散热器又有其不同的结构形式，采暖供热系统采用最多的仍是灰铸铁散热器，约占市场份额的刀％左右。其特点是耐腐蚀，经久耐用，但其重量大、承压能力低，受到高楼使用的限制．其次是钢制散热器、铝制散热器。特点是重量轻、散热效果好、金属热强度高、承压高、外形美观，但由于内腔耐蚀性能差，使用寿命短，而得不到普及。低温辐射电热膜供暖装置近几年在黑龙江省有少量应用…     

低温地板辐射供暖节能作用分析

低温地板辐射供暖地板与外围护结构内表面存在辐射换热，散热器供暖房间的散热器附近以及散热器上部热气流与外围护结构存在热流短路。文章在低温地板辐射供暖室比散热器供暖房间室内设计温度降低2℃的情况下，分别对三个典型地区这两种供暖方式在上述情况下造成的房间热负荷和供暖季平均耗热量进行计算。结果表明此条件下，低温地板辐射供暖房间的热负荷可降低10％～15％，节能率约为15％～20％。     

国内可再生能源文献信息

低温地板辐射采暖与散热器采暖效果的对比分析，地热井常见主要问题的分析与研究，全玻璃真空管接收太阳能辐射量与其放置角度的关系，关于建立我国可再生能源发展总量目标制度的若干问题探讨，太阳能地板辐射采暖系统的实验与数值模拟分析，能量梯级利用的太阳能冷热联供系统。     

大庆地区太阳能地板辐射采暖研究与经济分析

设计了太阳能地板辐射采暖系统,给出了系统的工作原理。探讨了集热器单位面积有效利用能和集热器效率的计算方法。通过经济分析,得到大庆市某60 m2平顶民房安装太阳能地板辐射采暖的年计算费用为1 485元;安装散热器采暖年计算费用为1991元。经济分析结果表明,太阳能地板辐射采暖系统具有良好的经济效益。     

低温热水地板辐射采暖系统

结合设计实践，介绍了低温热水地板辐射采暖系统的设计特点，主要性能及构成，分析了低热水地板辐射采暖的优越性，及与其它采暖方式的经济性能比较，指出低温热水地板辐射条件具有广阔的发展空间和推广前景。     

Turkey's sectoral energy and exergy analysis between 1999 and 2000

This study analyses sectoral energy and exergy utilization in Turkey between 1999 and 2000. Total energy and exergy utilization efficiencies are calculated to be 43.24 and 24.04% in 1999, and 44.91 and 24.78% in 2000, respectively. In order to calculate these efficiency values, Turkey is subgrouped into four main sectors, namely utility, industrial, transportation and commercial‐residential. The energy efficiency values are found to be 23.88, 30.10, 68.97 and 57.76% in 1999, and 23.71, 30.11, 68.81 and 57.05% in 2000 for transportation, utility, industrial and commercial‐residential sectors, respectively. Besides this, the exergy efficiency values are obtained to be 23.80, 30.28, 35.97 and 8.12% in 1999, and 23.65, 30.47, 35.51 and 8.02% in 2000 for the same order of sectors. The present study has clearly shown the necessity of the planned studies towards increasing exergy efficiencies in the sectors studied. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

能源转换利用的火用分析概述

本文对有用能——火用的概念和起源做了简单介绍,并分别概述了化学火用和累积火用的基本理论以及在应用上的意义。指出了当前火用分析存在的问题,进而提出了“投入产出火用函数”,并以此对可再生能源、不可再生能源以及循环能源的转换利用进行了火用分析,得出了只有不断加大可再生能源在能源结构中的比例和提高转换过程的火用效率,才能减缓地球火用衰减的结论。     

工程常见输(火用)元的特性准则及其计算

输元是组成传递模型的基本单元.提出三类9项输元特性准则.研究确定传热传递、能量转换传递、传质传递三大类8种典型输元的特性准则,并给出了相应的计算式或表达式,为规范建立基本工程传递模型、简化复杂系统的工程传递分析提供了基础.     

试论工程(火用)传递的基本方式

基本Yong传递方式的科学确定,对复杂Yong传递过程或系统的研究极具价值。在分析评述现有研究成果的基础上,提出了作为基本Yong传递方式的充要条件。对多种复杂Yong传递系统的分解、分析,积累了丰富的Yong传递形式资料。据此提出四种基本Yong传递方式,作为应用列举了二个复杂Yong传递系统分解实例。     

电站锅炉传递描述

能量的传递和转换必然伴随其"质"--(火用)的传递和转换.能量在传递和转换过程中其量守恒,而炯在传递和转换过程中其量不守恒,因此(火用)必有其独特的传递和转换规律.常规(火用)平衡分析综合热力学第一定律和第二定律,以(火用)效率为评价指标,属于静态热力学研究.参照工程(火用)传递评价准则,提出了堋传递系数、(火用)流密度、(火用)损率等评价指标,并针对某台锅炉机组进行了(火用)传递分析,通过与常规的传热及(火用)平衡分析比较,提供了一些新的技术评价信息.     

Exergoeconomic analysis of a combined heat and power (CHP) system

This study deals with exergoeconomic analysis of a combined heat and power (CHP) system along its main components installed in Eskisehir City of Turkey. Quantitative exergy cost balance for each component and the whole CHP system is considered, while exergy cost generation within the system is determined. The exergetic efficiency of the CHP system is obtained to be 38.33% with 51 475.90 kW electrical power and the maximum exergy consumption between the components of the CHP system is found to be 51 878.82 kW in the combustion chamber. On the other hand, the exergoeconomic analysis results indicate that the unit exergy cost of electrical power produced by the CHP system accounts for 18.51 US$ GW^?1. This study demonstrates that exergoeconomic analysis can provide extra information than exergy analysis, and the results from exergoeconomic analysis provide cost‐based information, suggesting potential locations for the CHP system improvement. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

单元初始火用效率和火用流价值分布

分析了火用的不等价性,在此基础上提出了火用弹性系数、初始火用损耗率等概念.以火用弹性系数为计算基础,分析了在单一系统内各组元火用效率对整个系统火用效率的影响,导出了初始火用损耗率的计算方法,并以实例进行了分析计算.分析表明系统内各组元的单位火用所消耗的初始火用更能反映系统各组元的火用耗特性,从而有利于更科学地分析系统各单元的节能潜力.     

熵与yong及yong分析与yong传递

能量与能质寓于同一的客观属体——能，又分别表征能的不同的客观属性。热力学可划分为基础热力学和应用热力学两大类，相应地形成了分别以熵和yong为核心的两个热力学参数框架体系。yong理论的直接应用是，用分析法；其扩展应用是与经济学结合产生的热经济学，与传输学结合产生炯传递理论。     

Exergy analysis of a coal‐based 210 MW thermal power plant

In the present work, exergy analysis of a coal‐based thermal power plant is done using the design data from a 210 MW thermal power plant under operation in India. The entire plant cycle is split up into three zones for the analysis: (1) only the turbo‐generator with its inlets and outlets, (2) turbo‐generator, condenser, feed pumps and the regenerative heaters, (3) the entire cycle with boiler, turbo‐generator, condenser, feed pumps, regenerative heaters and the plant auxiliaries. It helps to find out the contributions of different parts of the plant towards exergy destruction. The exergy efficiency is calculated using the operating data from the plant at different conditions, viz. at different loads, different condenser pressures, with and without regenerative heaters and with different settings of the turbine governing. The load variation is studied with the data at 100, 75, 60 and 40% of full load. Effects of two different condenser pressures, i.e. 76 and 89 mmHg (abs.), are studied. Effect of regeneration on exergy efficiency is studied by successively removing the high pressure regenerative heaters out of operation. The turbine governing system has been kept at constant pressure and sliding pressure modes to study their effects. It is observed that the major source of irreversibility in the power cycle is the boiler, which contributes to an exergy destruction of the order of 60%. Part load operation increases the irreversibilities in the cycle and the effect is more pronounced with the reduction of the load. Increase in the condenser back pressure decreases the exergy efficiency. Successive withdrawal of the high pressure heaters show a gradual increment in the exergy efficiency for the control volume excluding the boiler, while a decrease in exergy efficiency when the whole plant including the boiler is considered. Keeping the main steam pressure before the turbine control valves in sliding mode improves the exergy efficiencies in case of part load operation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Exergetic performance evaluation of a combined heat and power (CHP) system in Turkey

This study deals with the exergetic performance assessment of a combined heat and power (CHP) system installed in Eskisehir city of Turkey. Quantitative exergy balance for each component and the whole CHP system was considered, while exergy consumptions in the system were determined. The performance characteristics of this CHP system were evaluated using exergy analysis method. The exergetic efficiency of the CHP system was accounted for 38.16% with 49 880 kW as electrical products. The exergy consumption occurred in this system amounted to 80 833.67 kW. The ways of improving the exergy efficiency of this system were also analysed. As a result of these, a simple way of increasing the exergy efficiency of the available CHP system was suggested that the valves‐I–III and the MPSC could be replaced by a 3500 kW‐intermediate pressure steam turbine (IPST). If the IPST is installed to the CHP system (called the modified CHP (MCHP) system), the exergetic efficiency of the MCHP system is calculated to be 40.75% with 53 269.53 kW as electrical products. The exergy consumption is found to be 77 444.14 kW in the MCHP system. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.