X70钢在鹰潭酸性土壤中的应力腐蚀行为

在不同的阴极保护电位下,采用慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)和电化学方法研究X70钢在水饱和鹰潭土壤中的应力腐蚀开裂行为,为酸性土壤地区的X70钢管线的腐蚀防护提供基础参考数据.结果表明,X70钢在实验所用的酸性土壤环境中能够发生穿晶应力腐蚀裂纹(TGSCC);SCC萌生与外加保护电位有关,外加电位较高、X70钢完全受阳极过程控制时的SCC敏感性较低;外加电位较低、X70钢受阴阳极混合电极过程控制或完全受阴极过程控制时均能发生SCC,且其敏感性随外加电位的降低而增加,且完全受阴极过程控制时的SCC敏感性大大高于其它情况.     

Effect of deteriorated microstructures on stress corrosion cracking of X70 pipeline steel in acidic soil environment

In order to investigate stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of X70 pipeline steel and its weld joint area in acidic soil environ-ment in China, two simulating methods were used: one was to obtain bad microstructures in heat affected zone by annealing at 1300°C for 10 min and then, quenching in water; the other was to get different simulating solutions of acidic soil in Yingtan in south-east China. The SCC susceptibilities of X70 pipeline steel before and after quenching in the simulating solutions were analyzed...     

Influence factors on stress corrosion cracking of P110 tubing steel under CO_2 injection well annulus environment

Stress corrosion cracking(SCC) behavior of P110 tubing steel in simulated CO_2 injection well annulus environments was investigated through three-point bent tests, potentiodynamic polarization and EIS measurements. The results demonstrate that SCC of P110 tubing steel could occur in acidulous simulated environment, and the sensitivity of SCC increases with the decrease of pH, as well as increase of sulfide concentration and total environmental pressure. Both anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement make contributions to the SCC. Adequate concentration of corrosion inhibitor can inhibit the occurrence of SCC on account of the inhibition of localized anodic dissolution and cathodic hydrogen evolution.     

关于钢的珠光体分解

一般认为，珠光体转变得到铁素体和渗碳体的机械混合物，而且存在领先相．应用系统科学的理论和方法，研究了钢中珠光体共析分解机制，否定了领先相的存在．认为，过冷奥氏体的珠光体转变以及所谓“相同沉淀”都是铁素体和碳化物两相的共析共生的分解过程，设计了新的转变模型．实验表明，珠光体分解在奥氏体晶界形核，铁素体和渗碳体具有位向关系．明确指出，钢中的珠光体和“相间沉淀”产物都是共析铁素体和共析碳化物构成的整合组织．     

复合材料结合机理的研究

在高铬铸铁——碳钢双金属复合材料组织与性能研究工作的基础上,本文用透射电子显微镜对复合层及其邻近的界面、组织形态、晶体结构进行了深入的研究,并探讨了两种金属的结合机理。试验结果表明,复合层的组织为极细的珠光体(屈氏体)组织。与钢组织的分界面为珠光体团的亚晶界面;与铸铁组织的分界面为细铁素体或渗碳体与马氏体的相界面。界面上无夹杂和缺陷,具有良好的冶金结合。     

Film-induced stress enhancing stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steel

A constant deflection device designed for use within a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to investigate the change in dislocation configuration ahead of a crack tip during stress corrosion cracking (SCO of type 310 austenitic stainless steel in a boiling MgCI2 solution, and the initiation process of stress corrosion microcrack. Results showed that corrosion process during SCC enhanced dislocation emission, multiplication and motion. Microcracks of SCC were initiated when the corrosion-enhanced dislocation emission and motion reached critical state.A passive film formed during corrosion of austenitic stainless steel in the boiling MgCI2 solution generated a tensile stress. During SCC, the additive tensile stress generated at the metal/passive film interface helps enhance dislocation emission and motion.     

X80钢焊接接头在酸性模拟液中的电化学腐蚀

采用电化学测试、金相显微镜观察,研究了X80管线钢及其焊缝组织在酸性模拟液中的电化学腐蚀行为.结果表明:X80管线钢母材的显微组织主要为针状铁素体,整体上看母材的组织较为均匀、细小,位向大致呈带状分布.焊缝的显微组织由先共析铁素体、针状铁素体和珠光体组成,焊缝的晶粒大小不均匀,整体上比母材组织粗大.在酸性模拟液中,X8...     

65Mn钢大塑性变形后的组织与力学性能

在650℃下对65Mn钢进行了C方式的等径弯曲通道变形(Equal Channel AngularPressing,简称ECAP)研究。重复挤压时试样沿轴线旋转180°再装入模具。通过光学及透射显微镜研究发现:ECAP变形后65Mn钢的累积等效真应变达到5左右,片层状的珠光体组织演变成了超细的渗碳体颗粒均匀分布于亚微晶铁素体基体组织中;变形5道次后铁素体基体为均匀的等轴晶,平均晶粒尺寸约为0.3μm。65Mn钢经ECAP变形后,硬度明显提高。     

混凝土中钢筋极化曲线特征分析

为避免极化曲线测试中平衡电位发生偏移,提出了阳极极化电流方法。根据锈蚀前后钢筋极化曲线特征分析对平衡电位发生偏移做出了合理解释,明确了相关影响因素。给出了基于阳极极化电流法的钢筋锈蚀临界极化电流密度及相应的腐蚀电流密度经验公式。试验结果表明,阳极极化电流方法能有效判别钢筋锈蚀,对应的临界极化电流密度为0.2μA/cm2。     

Corrosion Fatigue Behavior of Duplex Stainless Steel in 3.5% Sodium Chloride Solution

The corrosion fatigue behavior of duplex stainless steel (DSS) was studied at different cyclic stress levels in 3.5%NaCl (mass fraction, so as the follows) solution (pH = 7) at 50℃. The results showed that DSS was susceptible to pitting Corrosion and Corrosion fa- tigue. Both Intergranluar Corrosion cracking and transgranlular corrosion cracking initiated at the bottom of pitting holes. Furthermore, the corrosion fatigue properties of DSS in 3.5%NaCl solution may be relatived to complex electrochemical and mechanical coupling effects between the three phases (austenite, ferrite and medensite), where martensite and ferrite were anodic in the corrosion cell and could be prone to cracking under certain condition.     

Electrochemical behavior of Mg-Al-Pb alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution

An investigation on electrochemical behavior of Mg-5%Pb alloy, Mg-6%Al alloy and Mg-6%Al-5%Pb alloy(mass fraction) in 3.5% Na Cl(mass fraction) solution was conducted using electrochemical measurements and corroded morphology observation, in which solid solution and the as-aged state of each alloy were compared to discuss the influence mechanism of lead and aluminium on the electrochemical properties of alloys. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis was performed to make microstructure characterization. The electrochemical results indicate that the corrosion of Mg-5%Pb alloy is predominated by homogeneous pitting and dissolution of PbCl_2 film due to Cl ions attack, while corrosion crevice propagates along grain boundaries in solid solution of Mg-6%Al alloy and the micro galvanic corrosion also plays vital role in Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase containing experimental alloys. The co-existence of lead and aluminium in magnesium alloy increases corrosion current density and electrochemical activity as well. The comparison between solid solution and the as-aged state demonstrates that Mg_2 Pb and Mg_(17)Al_(12) somewhat increase corrosion resistance but lighten anodic polarization by facilitating corrosion product flaking off.     

耐蚀合金材料点蚀及高温高压腐蚀性能研究

研究了镍基合金材料在高温高压腐蚀环境下的腐蚀性能以及在含氧化性离子溶液中的点蚀敏感性.采用了溶液浸泡法、电化学极化曲线方法进行试验,并结合扫描电镜以及能谱分析手段对两种镍基合金的腐蚀特性进行了研究.利用高温高压釜研究了在高温高压条件以及含H2S/CO2气体介质下材料的高温腐蚀性能以及试验温度的影响关系.依据相关标准在氯化铁溶液中进行了材料的点蚀敏感性研究.试验结果表明：G3合金的耐点蚀性能优于Incoloy 825,其点蚀临界温度高于50℃;两种镍基合金材料在FeCl3水溶液中的动电位极化曲线显示不同的腐蚀状态,Incoloy 825合金极化曲线中阳极曲线部分很平缓,无钝化区出现,极化度较低,G3阳极钝化区较明显,点蚀电位相对较高;高温高压腐蚀试验显示,随着温度升高,腐蚀程度加剧,腐蚀产物主要有NiS、FeS及CrO3等金属氧化物组成.     

Electrochemical Behavior of Antimierobial Stainless Steel Bearing Copper in Sulfate Reducing Bacterial Medium

The electrochemical characteristic of antimicrobial stainless steel beating copper NSSAM3 in sulfate reducing bacterial(SRB)was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and potentiodynamic polarization.The results show that inoculation of SRB into the culture medium significantly affects the anodic polarization behavior of NSSAM3 and accelerates anodic depolarization process,however, it has little effect on cathodic polarization curves of NSSAM3.Under the same exposure time,the anodic polarization curves of NSSAM3 in culture medium with SRB are in anodic active dissolution state when anodic polarization potential value is below 0 V(SCE),whose anodic polarization current density is bigger than that of in culture medium without SRB.Moreover,when the concentration of Cu~(2 ) in SRB medium increases, anodic polarization current density of NSSAM3 decreases and polarization resistance increases with increasing time.Scanning electron microscope(SEM)observations indicate that SRB unevenly attaches on the surface of NSSAM3,and induces the sensitivity to local corrosion.     

混凝土中钢筋腐蚀过程的极化曲线分析

为了确定混凝土中钢筋锈蚀速率的控制因素,运用腐蚀极化曲线图分析活化钢筋阴阳极极化曲线和腐蚀电流随环境相对湿度的变化规律,并讨论在干湿循环过程中混凝土中钢筋的锈蚀过程.结果表明,有锈蚀产物存在时,锈蚀产物中FeOOH可以取代氧成为钢筋锈蚀过程的阴极去极化剂,钢筋的总腐蚀电流为氧去极化和锈蚀产物去极化产生的腐蚀电流的加和.钢筋的总腐蚀电流随着环境相对湿度的提高而增大,和氧在混凝土中的扩散速率的变化趋势截然相反,从而证明氧仅是混凝土内钢筋开始的锈蚀的必备条件,但却不是混凝土中钢筋锈蚀过程控制因素.     

Relativity between corrosion—induced stress and stress corrosion cracking of brass in an ammonia solution

The susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of brass in an ammonia solution with various pH values or under various applied potentials was measured at slow strain rate tests. The additive stress in the same solution was measured using two methods. The results indicate that the variation of the susceptibility to SCC with pH value or with potential is in an excellent agreement with the corrosion (passive film or dezincification layer)-induced stress. When pH≥7, the corrosion-induced tensile stress andthe susceptibility to SCC have maximum values and hardly change with increasing the pH value. However, when pH < 7, both the corrosion-induced tensile stress and the susceptibility to SCC reduce rapidly with decreasing the pH value. Both the corrosion-induced tensile stress and the susceptibility to SCC have maximum values at the open-circuit potential, decrease slightly under the anodic polarization, and reduce gradually to zero under the cathodic polarization.     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能数值模拟

采用DIANA有限元软件建立分离式钢筋混凝土梁模型,同时根据已有研究成果建立锈蚀钢筋及钢筋-混凝土界面的性能退化模型,通过试验验证了模型在锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能分析中的实用性。在此基础上,对锈蚀梁的梁拱作用转换和不均匀锈蚀梁的受力性能进行了数值模拟。结果表明：在钢筋端部锚固良好的情况下,剪弯段黏结破坏引起锈蚀梁的受力机制由梁作用向拱作用转换,且最终导致梁在使用荷载下的抗弯刚度降低34％～44％;纵向不均匀锈蚀梁的抗弯性能评价可简化为全跨均匀锈蚀梁,且计算承载力时宜取不均匀分布锈蚀率的最大值,计算刚度时宜取其平均值。     

Electrochemical Behavior of Antimicrobial Stainless Steel Bearing Copper in Sulfate Reducing Bacterial Medium

The electrochemical characteristic of antimicrobial stainless steel beating copper NSSAM3in sulfate reducing bacterial(SRB)was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and potentiodynamic polarization.The results show that inoculation of SRB into the culture medium significantly affects the anodic polarization behavior of NSSAM3 and accelerates anodic depolarization process,however,it has little effect on cathodic polarization curves of NSSAM3.Under the same exposure time,the anodic polarization curves of NSSAM3 in culture medium with SRB are in anodic active dissolution state when anodicpolarization potential value is below 0 V(SCE),whose anodic polarization current density is bigger than that of in culture medium without SRB.Moreover,when the concentration of Cu2 in SRB medium increases,anodic polarization current density of NSSAM3 decreases and polarization resistance increases with increasing time.Scanning electron microscope(SEM)observations indicate that SRB unevenly attaches on the surface of NSSAM3,and induces the sensitivity to local corrosion.     

钢筋腐蚀程度对电化学再碱化处理效果的影响

为了研究碳化混凝土板内钢筋腐蚀程度对电化学再碱化处理效果的影响,对一组钢筋轻度腐蚀和另一组钢筋重度腐蚀的碳化混凝土板进行外加电源式再碱化处理,并用粉样pH值测试法和多种电化学技术（自由电势,线性极化电阻技术,电化学阻抗技术）评估处理效果.跟踪混凝土酸碱度以及钢筋腐蚀程度效果1 a的结果显示：无论处理前钢筋的腐蚀程度如何,再碱化处理技术能够有效地将混凝土的pH提高到10.5,钢筋腐蚀速率降低到10 μm/a.但是,重度腐蚀钢筋在处理后的腐蚀活性降低量更为明显.     

20g钢珠光体球化后拉伸断裂过程组织变化

采用现场金相显微镜对珠光体球化的20g钢拉伸过程进行了原位观察,用扫描电镜分析变形组织及裂纹。结果表明：珠光体发生球化的20g钢在拉伸过程中,在某些晶粒内部首先发生变形,产生大量的滑移带,并在晶界处产生塞积。随后其它部分晶粒转动,形成对变形有利的取向,各晶粒协调变形。拉伸过程中,裂纹首先产生于试样边缘的珠光体组织。试件内部,微裂纹空洞在铁素体和珠光体的晶界处萌生,由于应力集中,产生扩展连接,呈穿晶和沿晶断裂。     

酸化缓蚀剂对N80钢在盐酸溶液中的缓蚀性能

以喹啉和氯化苄为原料合成了一种母体缓蚀剂,与增效剂炔醇和分散剂复配,制得了一种有机含氮季铵盐型酸化缓蚀剂。采用静态挂片失重法和电化学方法考察了该缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能。结果表明,该缓蚀剂在质量分数为15%的盐酸溶液中,在温度为135℃时,对N80钢片具有良好的缓蚀性能。该缓蚀剂是一种以抑制阴极过程为主的混合型缓蚀剂,在铁表面的吸附符合Bockris- Swinkels吸附等温式。采用扫描电子显微镜分析了腐蚀前、后及加入缓蚀剂后N80钢的表面形态,探讨了缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理。结果证明,缓蚀剂有效地抑制了盐酸对N80钢的腐蚀。