超亲水微纳复合结构表面热沉强化润湿与传热实验

利用碱辅助的表面氧化法在紫铜微槽群热沉表面生成了氢氧化铜纳米棒阵列结构,制备出一种全新的超亲水微纳复合结构表面热沉。并以蒸馏水为液体工质,进行了纯蒸发条件下微槽群热沉、微纳复合结构表面热沉和超亲水微纳复合结构表面热沉的润湿及传热特性的对比实验研究。实验结果表明：氢氧化铜纳米棒阵列结构使得原始亲水表面的亲水性更好,随着表面纳米棒数量的不断增多,接触角不断减小,最低为9.5°,可以进一步形成超亲水微纳复合结构表面。与无纳米结构的微槽群热沉相比,在相同输入加热功率下,微纳复合槽群热沉具有更高的液体润湿高度和更好的传热性能,而超亲水微纳复合结构表面热沉的形成会进一步提高强化润湿和传热效果,相比于紫铜微槽群热沉,超亲水微纳复合结构表面热沉内液体的润湿高度提高了300%,表面温度降低了15℃左右。     

电场对竖直微槽润湿及毛细流动特性影响

竖直微槽群毛细结构广泛应用在重力热管、蒸发器等散热设备内,但受重力等因素影响易达到毛细极限。引入电场的主动强化方式来提高竖直微槽的毛细极限,并通过实验和建立数学模型研究电场对竖直微槽内液体润湿及毛细流动特性的影响。结果表明,电场可以提高竖直微槽内液体润湿高度,当电场为5.0 kV时与无电场时相比,润湿高度强化比可达到30.0%。同时,电场作用下流体在微槽道内的毛细润湿流动呈分段效应：润湿流动初期,润湿高度与时间的1/2次方呈线性关系,即h-t^1/2,润湿速率与润湿高度的倒数呈线性关系,即v-1/h;润湿流动中后期,润湿高度与时间的1/3次方呈线性关系,即h-t^1/3,润湿速率与润湿高度平方的倒数呈线性关系,即v-1/h²,且润湿速率随时间呈下降趋势。     

电场对竖直微槽润湿及毛细流动特性影响

竖直微槽群毛细结构广泛应用在重力热管、蒸发器等散热设备内,但受重力等因素影响易达到毛细极限。引入电场的主动强化方式来提高竖直微槽的毛细极限,并通过实验和建立数学模型研究电场对竖直微槽内液体润湿及毛细流动特性的影响。结果表明,电场可以提高竖直微槽内液体润湿高度,当电场为5.0 kV时与无电场时相比,润湿高度强化比可达到30.0%。同时,电场作用下流体在微槽道内的毛细润湿流动呈分段效应：润湿流动初期,润湿高度与时间的1/2次方呈线性关系,即h-t^1/2,润湿速率与润湿高度的倒数呈线性关系,即v-1/h;润湿流动中后期,润湿高度与时间的1/3次方呈线性关系,即h-t^1/3,润湿速率与润湿高度平方的倒数呈线性关系,即v-1/h²,且润湿速率随时间呈下降趋势。     

电场作用下矩形微槽群润湿特性数值分析

以预测电场作用下竖直矩形微槽群热沉内液体润湿特性为目的,基于自适应理论,建立一维轴向模型,研究了电场强度、热通量以及微槽尺寸对润湿特性的影响。结果表明：电场作用下润湿长度随热通量增加逐渐降低。当热通量较低时,电场强度对润湿长度的强化较大,但随着热通量的增大强化程度减弱。电场强度对矩形微槽群热沉适应长度的强化较小,而对于边角流动区域长度的强化较为显著。电场作用下润湿长度随槽深和槽宽的增加分别呈增加和下降的趋势。与较小槽深槽宽相比,当槽尺寸较大时,电场强度对微槽内液体润湿强化更为显著。     

电场对竖直矩形微槽群润湿及表面温度的影响

微槽群在热流密度较大时会达到其毛细极限，可通过主动换热方式之一——电水动力学效应对其进行强化。本文为了研究电场对微槽群表面润湿特性和温度分布的影响，采用平板电极提供电场，蒸馏水作为工质，使用高速相机拍摄微槽内液体润湿长度，测量误差为2.97%～7.46%；使用红外热像仪拍摄电场作用下微槽群表面温度分布，测量误差为2.1%～2.39%。热流密度测量误差范围是9.66%～11.11%。结果表明：电场通过驱动微槽内流体向加热区域流动而提升其润湿性能，且较低热流密度下提升更好。因润湿性能的提升，微槽表面温度得以下降。随着电场增强，微槽横向温度分布的“波峰”、“波谷”差别加大，微槽纵向温度明显降低。当热流密度加大时，温降更为显著，1.4W/cm²热流密度、6kV电压下温降可达到30℃以上。温降的增加反映了电场对微槽的强化润湿进一步提升了微槽换热性能，且电场对较高热流情形下的微槽换热有着更为显著的强化效果。     

微槽道脉动热管的启动及传热特性

对竖直和水平放置情况下微槽道脉动热管(当量直径2.82mm)的启动及传热性能进行了实验研究,并与内径分别为3.4mm(1^#)、4.0mm(2^#)和4.8mm(3^#)的3个光管脉动热管进行了比较。实验工质为去离子水,充液率为50%。实验结果表明,竖直放置(底部加热)时,微槽道结构可以显著降低脉动热管的最小启动功率和启动温度,在约305W的加热功率下其热阻分别比1^#、2^#和3^#光管脉动热管下降41.7%、35.6%和30.9%,蒸发段壁面平均温度分别下降12.1、11.8和7.6℃;水平放置时,微槽道脉动热管在一定加热功率下能够正常启动,光管脉动热管难以有效运行。使用微槽道结构后,脉动热管显热和潜热传热能力的提高以及微槽道毛细作用利于冷凝液向蒸发段回流可认为是实现热管传热强化的主要原因。     

不同温度下纳米流体对微槽群热沉毛细性能的强化差异研究

基于一维的自适应理论,采用经典的毛细上升法,在室温、40℃、60℃情况下比较分析温度对Fe3O4水基纳米流体强化微槽群热沉毛细性能的影响.结果表明:3个温度下,纳米流体所产生的强化效果随颗粒体积分数的变化规律是一致的,并存在统一的最佳体积分数.纳米流体对热沉毛细性能的平均强化比例随温度的提高呈现先减小后增大的趋势.低体...     

电场作用下矩形微槽群润湿特性数值分析

以预测电场作用下竖直矩形微槽群热沉内液体润湿特性为目的,基于自适应理论,建立一维轴向模型,研究了电场强度、热通量以及微槽尺寸对润湿特性的影响。结果表明:电场作用下润湿长度随热通量增加逐渐降低。当热通量较低时,电场强度对润湿长度的强化较大,但随着热通量的增大强化程度减弱。电场强度对矩形微槽群热沉适应长度的强化较小,而对于边角流动区域长度的强化较为显著。电场作用下润湿长度随槽深和槽宽的增加分别呈增加和下降的趋势。与较小槽深槽宽相比,当槽尺寸较大时,电场强度对微槽内液体润湿强化更为显著。     

多尺度复合毛细芯环路热管的传热特性

为解决环路热管在蒸发腔不同区域对于毛细芯孔径尺度和热导率的不同需求, 制备了一种多尺度复合毛细芯环路热管, 并在不同加热功率、放置角度和冷却方式下对环路热管进行了热性能测试。实验发现该环路热管具有较好的传热性能, 在200 W加热功率下, 蒸发腔壁面中心温度T_c最低仅为64℃。与风冷方式相比, 冰冷方式可以显著强化环路热管的传热性能, 降低T_c和热阻。热阻最低为0.19 K·W^-1。同时冰冷方式也有利于改善均温性。当加热功率不同时, 放置角度对环路热管温度及热阻的影响有所不同。另外, 多尺度复合毛细芯的应用有效地降低了热泄漏。随着加热功率的增加, 放置角度不同的LHP的热泄漏变化趋势不同。     

微槽道脉动热管的启动及传热特性

对竖直和水平放置情况下微槽道脉动热管(当量直径2.82 mm)的启动及传热性能进行了实验研究,并与内径分别为3.4 mm(1~#)、4.0 mm(2~#)和4.8 mm(3~#)的3个光管脉动热管进行了比较。实验工质为去离子水,充液率为50%。实验结果表明,竖直放置(底部加热)时,微槽道结构可以显著降低脉动热管的最小启动功率和启动温度,在约305 W的加热功率下其热阻分别比1#、2#和3#光管脉动热管下降41.7%、35.6%和30.9%,蒸发段壁面平均温度分别下降12.1、11.8和7.6℃;水平放置时,微槽道脉动热管在一定加热功率下能够正常启动,光管脉动热管难以有效运行。使用微槽道结构后,脉动热管显热和潜热传热能力的提高以及微槽道毛细作用利于冷凝液向蒸发段回流可认为是实现热管传热强化的主要原因。     

Surface microstructure evolution of Cf/SiC ceramic matrix composite microgrooves processed by ultrafast laser

Modern aviation components have higher requirements for high temperature resistance, high strength and lightweight materials, and ceramic matrix composites have superior overall performance. However, its high brittleness and anisotropy lead to a challenge for manufacturing. In order to understand the formation conditions and the evolution of surface microstructures of the C_f/SiC microgrooves processed by ultrafast laser comprehensively, we designed a single-factor experiment and performed sensitivity analysis. The experiment results showed that the pulse energy had great effects on the depth of the microgroove, and the intense ablation caused more active oxidation of SiC to occur, generating more SiO(g). However, too much pulse energy may cause the material removal mechanism to be more due to the photothermal effect rather than the plasma effect. Low repetition frequency caused a large number of laminated connections in the microgroove and the oxide gradually changed from lumpy to flocculent as the repetition frequency increased. The more scanning times, the more ablation products sputtered onto the sample surface, including unablated carbon fibers. Shallow depth and ablation residues remained in the microgroove occurred under few scanning times. Although too fast scanning speed leaded to a rapid decrease in the microgroove depth, too slow scanning speed also generated more unablated carbon fibers sputtering out of the microgrooves. The microgroove depth had the highest sensitivity to the repetition frequency, followed by the pulse energy and scanning speed. The pulse energy and scanning speed had a greater effect on the oxide layer height, the repetition frequency affected the oxide layer width, and the scanning speed affected the microgroove width significantly. According to the processing requirements and the hot spot map, the processing parameters that can be adjusted effectively will be able to be obtained.     

Gravity–capillary evaporation regimes in microgrooves

The gravity–capillary evaporation phase change in microgrooves inside a heat pipe is experimentally investigated by a visualization system. The evaporation regime, startup temperature response, and evaporation thermal resistance for gravity–capillary evaporation are evaluated and compared with those for capillary evaporation. The results identify oscillatory motion of vapor–liquid interface for gravity–capillary evaporation in rectangular microgrooves arising from the competition between gravity, the capillary force, and the shear force. In addition, the presence of gravity introduces the transition from fin–film evaporation regime to corner–film evaporation regime in rectangular microgrooves, and hence results in an overshoot startup and temperature oscillation during the process of gravity–capillary evaporation. Interestingly, the corner–film evaporation improves the evaporation phase change performance in the microgrooves. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 1119–1125, 2019     

两相流载气蒸发研究和传热数据关联

两相流载气蒸发是在蒸发器的垂直加热管中引入一种惰性气体,使液体的蒸发在气液两相界面上进行的过程.本文研究了载气蒸发的流型区域和传热规律,对载气蒸发的特性进行了机理分析,并以叠加模型关联了实验数据,获得了准数方程式.     

Study of dynamic multi-dimensional temperature and concentration distributions in liquid-sprayed fluidized beds

A physically based model was developed for heat and mass transfer processes in liquid-sprayed fluidized beds. Such fluidized beds are used for granulation, coating and agglomeration. The complex correlations of a number of microprocesses, spraying, wetting, drop deposition, heat transfer, drying and mass transfer were studied, and transient three-dimensional distributions of air humidity, air temperature, particle wetting efficiency, liquid film temperature, particle temperature, local liquid loading and local evaporation rate were calculated. For the evaluation of the model, the stationary spatial air temperature distributions were measured at a fluidized bed pilot plant of the institute. The fluidized bed of monodisperse wood- or glass beads was sprayed with clear water. Conclusions are drawn on the relevance of particle dispersion, spraying and drying to simulating temperature and concentrations distributions.     

受限微结构对低表面张力液滴合并弹跳的影响

设计并制备了CuO纳米结构和矩形微槽相结合的层级微槽超疏水表面,采用去离子水、质量分数为8%和16%的乙醇溶液为工质,研究了三种表面张力的单个液滴在微槽内的受限生长特征以及槽内变形液滴与槽外正常液滴的合并弹跳行为,探讨了受限微结构对较低表面张力液滴合并弹跳的影响。结果表明,在Laplace压力差的驱动下,微槽内受限变形的水滴发生自弹跳行为,随着溶液中乙醇浓度的提升,液体表面张力减小,表面对液滴的吸附增强,乙醇质量分数为8%和16%的槽内变形液滴不发生自弹跳,而是爬升并悬浮于微槽上方。受限微结构对液滴合并弹跳的强化作用随液体表面张力的减小而减弱,与去离子水相比,乙醇质量分数为8%和16%的受限变形液滴与槽外正常液滴的合并弹跳速度分别降低了26.7%和75.9%,能量转化效率分别降低了17.8%和90%。