MIMO-OFDM技术

多进多出(MIMO)系统在发射端和接收端分别设置多副发射天线和接收天线,采用MIMO技术可以提高信道容量和信道可靠性,降低误码率。正交频分复用(OFDM)是一种特殊的多载波传输方案,各子载波在整个符号周期上正交,各子载波信号频谱可以互相重叠,子载波正交复用技术大大减少了保护带宽,提高了频带利用率。MIMO-OFDM技术是OFDM与MIMO技术结合形成的一种新技术,该技术是在OFDM传输系统中采用阵列天线实现空间分集,提高了信号质量。MIMO-OFDM技术将成为下一代移动通信核心技术的解决方案。文中全面介绍了MIMO技术和OFDM技术及两者的结合,分析了实现MIMO-OFDM技术的关键,展望了发展前景。     

发射分集OFDM系统中子载波频域均衡接收机设计

针对发射分集下的OFDM系统,提出了一种子载波频域均衡接收机设计方法。在保持子载波数恒定的条件下减少循环前缀的长度,并推导出最优分集合并系数。仿真结果表明,在发射分集条件下,本文提出的子载波频域均衡器有效地抑制了OFDM系统中由于循环前缀小于信道最大时延扩展所造成干扰和各个信道信号之间的互干扰,获得了较好的系统性能。     

OFDM系统中的迭代并行子载波间干扰消除技术

由于实际信道的时变性，OFDM系统中每一子载波上的接收信号受到其它子载波上所传输信号的影响，形成载波间干扰(ICI)并造成误码性能降低。本文提出了适用于OFDM系统的迭代并行子载波间干扰消除接收技术，分析和仿真结果表明此方法可以有效地消除载波间干扰，在归一化多普勒频移为0．1和0．001时，分别提高接收机的性能0.8dB和0．5dB。     

基于高阶累积量的OFDM子载波盲识别探讨

正交频分复用（OFDM）技术作为一种特殊的多载波调制技术,以其高效的频谱利用率、较强的抗码间干扰能力等优点成为第四代宽带技术的核心技术之一。同时,OFDM的广泛应用也为信息对抗、无线频谱资源管理等领域带来了一系列新的任务与挑战。因此,对非合作OFDM信号侦收技术的研究,意义深远。 由于OFDM调制方式的特殊性,在完成宽带多载波与单载波信号分类之后,接收系统有必要对OFDM信号的子载波类型进行进一步判断。文中采用基于高阶累积量的子信道调制盲识别算法作为技术路线,通过提取特征向量实现对子信道调制方式的盲识别。 在基带OFDM信号子载波调制类型识别部分,结合OFDM系统的等效标量模型,利用每个子载波上符号序列的统计特性,提取序列的高阶累积量作为识别分类特征构造算法,能够有效地抑制多径衰落所引起的功率衰减以及相位旋转对子载波调制类型识别性能的影响,结合仿真实验,我们分析了所提出算法的高效识别性能。     

基于高阶累积量的OFDM子载波盲识别探讨

正交频分复用（OFDM）技术作为一种特殊的多载波调制技术,以其高效的频谱利用率、较强的抗码间干扰能力等优点成为第四代宽带技术的核心技术之一。同时,OFDM的广泛应用也为信息对抗、无线频谱资源管理等领域带来了一系列新的任务与挑战。因此,对非合作OFDM信号侦收技术的研究,意义深远。
　　由于OFDM调制方式的特殊性,在完成宽带多载波与单载波信号分类之后,接收系统有必要对OFDM信号的子载波类型进行进一步判断。文中采用基于高阶累积量的子信道调制盲识别算法作为技术路线,通过提取特征向量实现对子信道调制方式的盲识别。
　　在基带OFDM信号子载波调制类型识别部分,结合OFDM系统的等效标量模型,利用每个子载波上符号序列的统计特性,提取序列的高阶累积量作为识别分类特征构造算法,能够有效地抑制多径衰落所引起的功率衰减以及相位旋转对子载波调制类型识别性能的影响,结合仿真实验,我们分析了所提出算法的高效识别性能。     

ZP-CI/OFDM：一种高功率效率的无线传输技术

针对传统正交频分复用（OFDM）系统的功率效率问题,文章给出一种新的基于添零方式的载波干涉正交频分复用（ZP-CI/OFDM）无线传输技术。ZP-CI/OFDM通过载波干涉码将发射符号扩展到所有OFDM子载波上,在有效消除传统OFDM面临的峰值平均功率比问题的同时,充分利用多载波的频率分集增益;同时,ZP-CI/OFDM通过在发射端添零,采用先进的接收机技术进一步利用频率分集增益,提高系统的功率效率。     

OFDM调制信号数据帧信号形式及其动态仿真

依据OFDM论坛所提出的技术框架，将待发射的数字码流经信号交织、符号映射、16QAM调制后，得到OFDM系统射频发射前的数据帧信号。给出了OFDM帧信号表达式，试推导了OFDM系统的频带利用率，得到其与载波数量基本无关的结论。并利用PSPICE软件，在显示了各子路数据振幅调制波形的基础上，生成了OFDM系统的一帧信号。     

应用于接入网段的低成本OFDM射频信号光传输系统的研究

应用于接入网段的OFDM射频信号光传输系统宜采用直接调制降低成本和技术复杂度,但射频信号直接调制方式对激光器性能和光纤色散提出更大的挑战。研究了OFDM射频信号直接调制的光传输系统(OFDM直调RoF系统)的传输特性,定量分析了直接调制激光器性能、光纤色散、载波频率及OFDM子载波数等关键参数对OFDM直调RoF系统性能的影响,提出了对OFDM直调RoF系统设计及关键参数设置的建议,研究结果对低成本和低技术复杂度的RoF接入网设计有参考价值和指导意义。     

一种基于相位轨迹的OFDM信号盲分析方法

随着第五代移动通信技术、低轨卫星互联网等通信系统的发展，正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM)技术凭借良好的频谱效率得到日益广泛的应用。但OFDM系统信号参数复杂，对非合作条件下的盲信号分析带来了较大困难，需要在尽可能少的先验信息下，判定信号参数。为此，提出了一种基于相位轨迹特征的OFDM信号盲分析方法，利用OFDM信号固有的循环周期性，粗估计子载波数及子载波间隔，在此基础上通过非线性变换等处理获取子载波间及符号间的相位变化轨迹，基于相位变化轨迹分析其反映的采样定时误差、载波频率偏差等参数信息并修正估计值，最终通过信号接收误码率进行估计参数正确性验证，实现了对OFDM信号盲分析。仿真分析结果表明，在信噪比(SNR)大于8 dB时，即可实现参数准确估计，优于利用先验信息的相关处理方法。     

64DAPSK-OFDM与64QAM-OFDM系统性能比较

针对OFDM系统中的MQAM和MDAPSK两种子载波高阶调制技术,介绍了64QAM和64DAPSK信号的比特软输出解调方法,比较了64DAPSK-OFDM和64QAM-OFDM系统的误码性能。仿真结果表明,在频率选择性和时间选择性衰落信道下,若信道相邻子载波或相邻OFDM符号的相关性能得到保证,采用64DAPSK调制可以用较少的信噪比损失换取OFDM系统复杂度的大大降低。     

Adaptive detection of statistical signals in noise

This paper deals with the forms and properties of a detector operating in an environment in which little statistical information about either the signal or noise field is or can be available. An adaptive detector based on the theory of nonparametric statistics has been designed for this purpose. The detector uses amplitude samples taken from two distinct receivers, only one of which may contain signals from a target. The detector maintains a constant false alarm rate despite any nonstationarity of the noise. The theory of nonparametric statistics suggests that the data from the two sources be ranked in order of amplitude, that a linear weighting (a correlator) be applied to the ranking, and the result be applied to a threshold. In this study, we have considered an adaptive detector of this form. The adaptation mechanism selects the weight (correlating) function on the basis of the past observed data. This class of adaptive detectors is shown to have excellent performance in terms of signal detectability for signals of adequate strength. However, for a given detector design, signals weaker than a certain critical threshold cannot be detected regardless of the amount of data available. Thus, in contrast to the kind of signal suppression effect which characterizes conventional passive detection schemes, the adaptive detector has a sharp minimum detectable signal threshold.     

一种针对失配信号的可调自适应检测器

针对有用信号存在失配条件下的自适应检测问题,该文提出了一种新的参数化自适应检测器.对失配信号稳健的自适应匹配滤波器,或对失配信号敏感的双归一化自适应匹配滤波器都可以作为该检测器的一种特例,并可以利用参数控制检测器对失配信号的检测能力和对干扰信号的抑制能力.推导了该检测器的虚警概率和对失配信号的检测概率.计算机仿真分析表明,通过选择合适的参数,可以保证该检测器对少许失配的有用信号的检测性能,以及对严重失配的干扰信号的抑制性能.      

Blind multiuser detection: a subspace approach

A new multiuser detection scheme based on signal subspace estimation is proposed. It is shown that under this scheme, both the decorrelating detector and the linear minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) detector can be obtained blindly, i.e., they can be estimated from the received signal with the prior knowledge of only the signature waveform and timing of the user of interest. The consistency and asymptotic variance of the estimates of the two linear detectors are examined. A blind adaptive implementation based on a signal subspace tracking algorithm is also developed. It is seen that compared with the previous minimum-output-energy blind adaptive multiuser detector, the proposed subspace-based blind adaptive detector offers lower computational complexity, better performance, and robustness against signature waveform mismatch. Two extensions are made within the framework of signal subspace estimation. First, a blind adaptive method is developed for estimating the effective user signature waveform in the multipath channel. Secondly, a multiuser detection scheme using spatial diversity in the form of an antenna array is considered. A blind adaptive technique for estimating the array response for diversity combining is proposed. It is seen that under the proposed subspace approach, blind adaptive channel estimation and blind adaptive array response estimation can be integrated with blind adaptive multiuser detection, with little attendant increase in complexity     

Space-time turbo equalization in frequency-selective MIMO channels

A computationally efficient space-time turbo equalization algorithm is derived for frequency-selective multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channels. The algorithm is an extension of the iterative equalization algorithm by Reynolds and Wang (see Signal Processing, vol.81, no.5, p.989-995, 2001) for frequency-selective fading channels and of iterative multiuser detection for code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems by Wang and Poor (see IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.47, p.1046-1061, 1999). The proposed algorithm is implemented as a MIMO detector consisting of a soft-input-soft-output (SISO) linear MMSE detector followed by SISO channel decoders for the multiple users. The detector first forms a soft replica of each composite interfering signal using the log likelihood ratio (LLR), fed back from the SISO channel decoders, of the transmitted coded symbols and subtracts it from the received signal vector. Linear adaptive filtering then takes place to suppress the interference residuals: filter taps are adjusted based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion. The LLR is then calculated for adaptive filter output. This process is repeated in an iterative fashion to enhance signal-detection performance. This paper also discusses the performance sensitivity of the proposed algorithm to channel-estimation error. A channel-estimation scheme is introduced that works with the iterative MIMO equalization process to reduce estimation errors.     

Decision-feedback equalization using multiple-hyperplanepartitioning for detecting ISI-corrupted M-ary PAM signals

A decision-feedback equalizer scheme is derived based on multiple-hyperplane partitioning of signal space for detecting M-ary pulse amplitude modulation symbols transmitted through a noisy intersymbol interference channel. The proposed scheme is based on the fact that the optimal Bayesian decision boundary separating two neighboring signal classes is asymptotically piecewise linear and consists of several hyperplanes, when the signal-to-noise ratio tends to infinity. An algorithm is developed to determine these hyperplanes, which are then used to partition the observation signal space. The resulting detector can closely approximate the optimal Bayesian detector, at an advantage of considerably reduced detector complexity     

Multiscale detection of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions

This paper presents a unified approach to multiscale detection of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs). Using statistical detection theory, it is shown that the optimal detector involves a time windowing operation where the window can be estimated from ensemble correlation information. The detector performs adaptive splitting of the signal into different frequency bands using either wavelet or wavelet packet decomposition. A simplified detector is proposed in which signal energy is omitted. The results show that the simplified detector performs significantly better than existing TEOAE detectors based on wave reproducibility or the modified variance ratio, whereas the detector involving signal energy does not offer such a performance advantage.     

Blind adaptive reduced-rank detection for DS-CDMA signals inmultipath channels

Blind adaptive multiuser detection for direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) signals over static and time-varying intersymbol interference (ISI) limited channels is considered. Blind adaptive detectors must be robustified for ISI channels, when there is significant mismatch between the received signature vector and the transmitted code (assumed known at the receiver). A new low-complexity detector is presented that improves on some previously proposed methods without explicit estimation of the ISI channel. The key innovation is a reduced-rank detector architecture combined with an efficient subspace tracker that yields direct accurate estimation of the desired user's received signature. Several representative simulation examples of detector output signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio (SINR) for fading channels are provided in support of our claims of improved efficacy of the method     

Adaptive signal detection over fast frequency-selective fading channels under class-A impulsive noise

The problem of adaptive detection of signals contaminated with Middleton's class-A impulsive noise and transmitted over a fast time-varying frequency-selective fading channel is addressed. Adaptive algorithms are derived to update the estimate of the channel parameters to the detector. A theoretical performance evaluation of the detector is provided. Computer simulations are performed to validate the theoretical developments.     

Protection of a Narrow-Band BPSK Communication System with an Adaptive Array

This paper describes the performance of an adaptive array when used with narrow-band BPSK communication signals; A previous paper [11] described the performance of an adaptive array with a standard BPSK signal when the array bandwidth is several times the signal bandwidth. These earlier results are extended to the case where the array bandwidth is as small as possible, equal to the desired signal symbol rate. To realize such a bandwidth reduction, it is necessary to reshape the BPSK signaling waveform before transmission to prevent intersymbol interference. This is done by passing the BPSK signal through a pulseshaping filter at the transmitter. The performance of the optimal detector for the narrow-band BPSK signal is determined when this detector operates behind an adaptive array that is subjected to CW interference. The bit error probability is obtained as a function of the desired signal and interference powers and arrival angles as well as the array bandwidth.     

On Optimum and Suboptimum Coherent Detection of Continuous Phase Modulation on a Two-Ray Multipath Fading Channel

In this paper, the performance of continuous phase modulation (CPM) transmitted on a two-ray fading channel and received in white Gaussian noise is studied. The optimum coherent maximum likelihood (ML) detector and approximations thereof and their performance are studied by means of minimum Euclidean distance and simulated symbol error probability. A linear detector optimum at large signal-to-noise ratios is also studied and the performance is given by means of error probability. It is assumed that measurements on the channel provide information about the channel parameters. It is found that the loss in signal power due to the channel is small when an ML detector or an approximation thereof is used for binary schemes with modulation indexh =1/2. The loss for these schemes with a linear detector becomes significantly larger, especially when MSK is transmitted. The performance for this linear detector can, however, be improved significantly by using decision feedback, but still, the performance of the ML detector is superior.