解析型Winkler弹性地基梁单元构造

该文采用Winkler弹性地基梁理论确定了弹性地基梁的挠度方程解析通解; 根据最小势能原理建立了解析型Winkler弹性地基欧拉梁及铁摩辛柯梁的单元刚度及等效节点荷载; 得到了解析型弹性地基欧拉梁单元AWFB-E及铁摩辛柯梁单元AWFB-T。同时,论文还采用传统里兹法求得了相应的Winkler弹性地基欧拉梁及铁摩辛柯梁单元刚度矩阵,得到了里兹法弹性地基欧拉梁单元RWFB-E及铁摩辛柯梁单元RWFB-T。对该文构建的两类单元与一般梁-基体系有限元分析结果及理论解析解进行了对比。对比结果表明,传统里兹法由于其多项式形函数无法精确模拟弹性地基梁变形,因此其结果与理论解析解有误差,但随着单元数量增多其误差减小; 采用解析型单元进行计算时,无论单元数量多少,得到的均为“真实”解,说明解析试函数法求得的位移形函数比一般的多项式形函数精确,得到的弹性地基梁单元具备解析型、精确性的特点,可应用于解决实际工程问题。     

On the effect of the backup plate stiffness on the brittle failure of a ceramic armor

The present investigation enquires the role of the backup plate mechanical properties in the brittle failure of a ceramic tile. It provides a full-field solution for the elastostatic problem of an infinite Kirchhoff plate containing a semi-infinite rectilinear crack (the tile) resting on a two-parameter elastic foundation (the backup plate) and subjected to general transverse loading condition. The backup plate is modeled as a weakly non-local (Pasternak type) foundation, which reduces to the familiar local (Winkler) model once the Pasternak modulus is set to zero. The same governing equations are obtained for a curved plate (shell) subjected to in-plane equi-biaxial loading. Fourier transforms and the Wiener–Hopf technique are employed. The solution is obtained for the case when the Pasternak modulus is greater than the Winkler modulus. Superposition and a two-step procedure are employed: First, an infinite uncracked plate subjected to general loading is considered; then, the bending moment and shearing force distribution acting along the crack line are adopted as the (continuous) loading condition to be fed in the solution for the cracked plate. Results are obtained as a function of the ratio of the Pasternak over the Winkler foundation stiffness times the tile flexural rigidity. It is established that the elastic foundation significantly affects the mechanical behavior of the elastic plate. In particular, the Winkler model substantially underestimates the stress state near the crack tip. Stress-intensity factors are determined, and they are employed as a guideline for increasing the composite toughness. The analytical solution presented in this paper may serve as a benchmark for a more refined numerical analysis.     

变速移动荷载作用下的弹性地基板的动力反应分析

利用三维Fourier积分变换法,本文推导出了在变速移动荷载(加速或减速)作用下, 弹性地基上无限大板动态挠度和应力的解析表达式.在分析过程中把弹性地基视为文克尔地基, 分别讨论了移动荷载的速度、加速度以及地基刚度等参数对板的动态挠度和应力的影响.根据文中所给出数值算例表明,移动荷载的速度、加速度和地基的反应模量是主要影响因素.板的动态挠度和应力随着车辆荷载速度和加速度的变化而变化.     

Whirling frequencies of thin spinning cylindrical shells surrounded by an elastic foundation

In this paper, the whirling frequencies of simply supported and clamped rotating cylindrical shells surrounded by an elastic foundation are investigated. The Love’s shell theory is used along with the Winkler foundation to obtain the governing equations of motion. An exact power series solution is obtained for arbitrary boundary conditions and the results are verified with the literature. Several case studies are performed, and the effect of spinning speed, foundation stiffness, and geometrical dimensions of the cylinder on the whirling frequencies are investigated.     

弹性地基上空间巨型框架结构的简化振动分析

对软土地基上的超高层建筑空间巨型框架的振动分析建立了一种新的简化分析模型,即弹性地基—空间杆系—层模型。也就是将空间巨型框架中的辅助框架柱只考虑其轴向刚度,沿巨型框架梁的轴线方向连续化后,作为巨型梁单元的文克弹性地基,把巨型梁按照文克弹性地基梁来处理,然后将巨型柱和巨型文克弹性地基梁组成空间巨型框架,在考虑了地基(半无限大弹性地基)的弹性变形后,按空间刚架进行刚度分析;将建筑物的质量集中于巨型梁的楼层,进行自由振动分析。算例计算结果表明,新的简化模型是合理的、可行的。     

Winkler地基上有限长梁非线性自由振动

基于经典Winkler地基模型及Euler-Bernoulli梁理论,考虑梁的几何非线性效应,运用Newton 第二定律建立了弹性地基上有限长梁的非线性运动方程.采用Galerkin 方法对运动方程进行一阶模态截断,进而利用多尺度法求得了该系统自由振动的一阶近似解.揭示了两端简支梁的非线性自由振动特性,分析了弹性模量、长细比及地基刚度系数等参数对系统固有频率的影响.并通过该系统的位移时程曲线,分析了阻尼对弹性地基上梁运动特性的影响.     

Delamination of layered structures on elastic foundation

This study presents an interface fracture mechanics analysis of delamination of a layered beam resting on a Winkler elastic foundation subject to general mechanical loads. A crack tip element on elastic foundation model is established first, through which, two concentrated forces existing at the crack tip are determined in closed-form. Then total energy release rate of the crack can be expressed in term of these two forces. By using available numerical results in the literature, the phase angle of the total energy release rate is also obtained. To verify the validity and accuracy of the solutions, debonding of a bonded overlay from the base structure resting on a Winkler elastic foundation is analyzed using the present solution. Comparisons with the baseline results obtained by finite element analysis suggest that the present analytical solution provides an excellent estimation of the total energy release rate and its phase angle for interface cracks in layered structure on elastic foundation. This study provides an approximated analysis of the debonding of a thin overlay debonding from the concrete pavement, where the effect of the base structure is simplified by a Winkler elastic foundation. This solution can also be used to analyze other similar delamination problems, such as local delamination in laminated composites, and face sheet delimitation in sandwich beams.     

基于Winkler弹性地基梁模型的半刚性轻钢柱脚底板受力分析

为建立半刚性轻钢柱脚底板压力分布计算模型, 基于Winkler弹性地基梁模型及其变形和内力初参数表达式, 给定边界条件, 利用Maple软件, 获得了两端自由弹性地基梁在任意集中力和任意梯形线荷载作用下的挠度解析公式, 将半刚性方钢管柱脚底板简化为支承在混凝土基础上的弹性地基梁, 根据力的等效原则, 建立了偏心受压时柱脚底板受力模型, 得到了柱脚底板压力分布解析解, 通过算例与数值摸拟结果对比, 结果表明二者吻合较好, 且半刚性轻钢柱脚底板压力分布与常用线性压力分布模型差别较大, 采用线性压力分布模型将过高估计柱脚刚度。研究成果为半刚性轻钢柱脚设计提供理论参考。     

Longitudinal varying elastic foundation effects on vibration behavior of axially graded nanobeams via nonlocal strain gradient elasticity theory

In this research, vibration characteristics of axially functionally graded nanobeams resting on variable elastic foundation are investigated based on nonlocal strain gradient theory. This nonclassical nanobeam model contains a length scale parameter to explore the influence of strain gradients and also a nonlocal parameter to study the long-range interactions between the particles. The present model can degenerate into the classical models if the material length scale parameter and the nonlocal stress field parameter are both taken to be zero. Elastic foundation consists of two layers: a Winkler layer with variable stiffness and a Pasternak layer with constant stiffness. Linear, parabolic and sinusoidal variations of Winkler foundation in longitudinal direction are considered. Material properties are graded axially via a power-law distribution scheme. Hamilton's principle is employed to derive the governing equations that are solved applying a Galerkin-based solution for different boundary edges. Comparison study is also performed to verify the present formulation with those of previous papers. Results are presented to investigate the influences of the nonlocal and length scale parameters, various material compositions, elastic foundation parameters, type of foundation and various boundary conditions on the vibration frequencies of AFG nanobeams in detail.     

Thermal buckling analysis of nanoplates based on nonlocal elasticity theory with four-unknown shear deformation theory resting on Winkler–Pasternak elastic foundation

The thermal buckling analysis of nanoplates is based on nonlocal elasticity theory with four-unknown shear deformation theory resting on Winkler–Pasternak elastic foundation. The nanoplate is assumed to be under three types of thermal loadings, namely uniform temperature rise, linear temperature rise, and nonlinear temperature rise through the thickness. The theory involves four unknown variables with small-scale effects, as against five in the case of other higher-order theories and first-order shear deformation theory. Closed-form solution for theory was also presented. Results are presented to discuss the influences of the nonlocal parameter, aspect ratio, side-to-thickness ratio, and elastic foundation parameters on the thermal buckling characteristics of analytical rectangular nanoplates.     

考虑有限深度土体运动的Winkler地基梁1/2次谐波共振响应分析

土-结构相互作用系统动力响应的基本特征之一是有限范围内弹性地基与其支承结构共同运动,将土体运动引入系统的动力学方程可体现其对系统动力学特性的影响。基于考虑有限深度土体运动影响的Winkler地基上有限长梁的非线性运动方程,利用Galerkin法和多尺度法,求得弹性地基梁1/2次谐波共振的幅频响应方程和位移的二阶近似解。进而通过数值计算,得到了梁1/2次谐波共振的幅频响应曲线,研究了地基深度、质量、弹性模量、Winkler参数和阻尼等对弹性地基梁1/2次谐波共振响应的影响。研究结果表明:有限深度土体运动对Winkler地基梁1/2次谐波共振响应影响显著。运动方程中引入土体运动的影响后,梁1/2次谐波共振区间明显减小。随地基深度、质量和弹性模量改变,弹性地基梁1/2次谐波共振的幅频响应曲线偏转程度、共振区间和响应幅值等均发生定量改变。当弹性地基刚度增大到一定程度,Winkler地基参数变化对系统1/2次谐波共振响应的影响明显减弱。阻尼对系统动力响应起抑制作用,当参数η增大到一定值后将不会出现1/2次谐波共振响应的非平凡解。     

考虑装配间隙的双搭接螺栓连接剪切刚度的解析求解方法

螺栓的连接刚度是复合材料连接设计中的重要参数,装配间隙对其有明显的影响。针对弹性基刚度k_c^*,引入Liu Cai-Shan的内圆接触模型,推导了考虑装配间隙的解析表达式,发现k_c^*随着装配间隙增加而降低。针对钉头约束系数k_<i>r,基于应力假设和应变能方法,给出了估算表达式。在获得k_c^*和k_r基础上,建立弹性基剪切梁模型并推导了双搭接螺栓连接刚度的解析解,并采用3-D细节有限元模型对解析方法进行了验证。最后,通过有限元方法分析了间隙对连接刚度产生影响的力学机制,并用解析方法定量给出了1~300 μm的装配间隙对连接刚度影响的大小。     

A general finite element for beams or beam-columns with or without an elastic foundation

A general finite element is derived for beams or beam-columns with or without a continuous Winkler type elastic foundation. The need to discretize members into shorter elements for convergence towards an ‘exact’ solution is eliminated by employing in the derivation of the element exact shape functions obtained from the equation of the elastic line. Inter-nodal values of deflections, bending moments and shear forces are obtained using the exact shape functions and trigonometric series. The effect of heavy compressive or tensile axial forces on bending stiffness is treated as a linear problem by considering the axial force as a constant parameter affecting the stiffness. FORTRAN subroutines to compute the stiffness matrix, equivalent nodal forces, deflected shape, bending moments and shear forces are provided and verified by an example.     

弹性地基上四边自由矩形薄板的自由振动

将弹性地基用Winkler模型来代替。首先把弹性地基上矩形薄板的动力学方程表示成为Hamilton正则方程，然后采用辛几何方法对全状态相变量进行分离变量，并利用得到的共扼辛正交归一关系，求出弹性地基上四边自由矩形薄板的固有频率和振型的解析解表达式。由于在求解过程中不需要事先人为的选取挠度函数，而是从弹性地基上矩形薄板的动力学基本方程出发，直接利用数学的方法求出可以满足四边自由边界条件的固有频率和振型的解析解表达式，使得问题的求解更加合理化。文中的最后还给出了计算实例来验证本文所采用的方法以及所推导出公式的正确性。     

Postbuckling Analysis of Shear-Deformable Composite Laminated Plates on Two-Parameter Elastic Foundations

Postbuckling analysis is presented for a simply supported, shear-deformable, composite laminated plate subjected to uniaxial compression and resting on a two-parameter (Pasternak-type) elastic foundation. The initial geometric imperfection of the plate is taken into account. Two cases of in-plane boundary conditions are considered. The formulations are based on Reddy’s higher-order shear-deformation plate theory, including plate–foundation interaction. The analysis uses a deflection-type perturbation technique to determine buckling loads and postbuckling equilibrium paths. Numerical examples are presented that relate to the performance of perfect and imperfect, antisymmetric angle-ply and symmetric cross-ply laminated plates resting on Pasternak-type elastic foundations from which results for Winkler elastic foundations are obtained as a limiting case. The effects played by foundation stiffness, transverse shear deformation, the character of the in-plane boundary conditions, plate aspect ratio, total number of plies, fiber orientation, and initial geometric imperfections are studied.     

弹性地基上加热弹性圆板的热过屈曲及临界屈曲模态跃迁

基于von Kármán薄板理论建立了Winkler弹性基础上弹性圆板在均匀升温下的轴对称热过屈曲控制方程。这是一组以中面位移为基本未知量的非线性常微分方程,其中包含了温度载荷和弹性地基刚度两个参数。采用打靶法数值求解相应的非线性两点边值问题,获得了周边不可移简支圆板的热屈曲及热过屈曲响应。绘出了前三阶屈曲模态对应的临界温度载荷随地基参数连续变化的特性曲线,获得了反映临界热屈曲模态跃迁特性的地基参数值。给出了弹性圆板按一阶模态失稳后的热过屈曲平衡路径和平衡构形,分析了地基刚度参数对临界屈曲温度载荷以及过屈曲平衡构形的影响。     

Dynamic response of finite sized elastic runways subjected to moving loads: A coupled BEM/FEM approach

The transient response of a finite elastic plate, resting on an elastic half-space, and subjected to moving loads is considered here. Both the cases of an elastic foundation alone, as well as a finite sized elastic plate resting on an elastic foundation are considered. The numerical methods employed are: (1) the time-domain boundary element method for the elastic foundation and (2) a combination of the time-domain boundary element method for the soil and the semi-discrete finite element method for the finite sized elastic plate. Both constant as well as linear-time-interpolation schemes are included in the BEM. The integration is carried out analytically in time. The analytical solution for a moving point load on an infinite elastic plate resting on an elastic half-space is derived here. This is used as a benchmark against which the present numerical solution is compared with. The accuracy of the numerical method is also verified by comparing the solutions with some existing numerical results; the comparison with the solutions based on a Winkler foundation model reveals the limitations of the applicability of such a model, especially in the cases of high velocities of the moving load. This is because neither the inertia of the foundation, nor the behaviour of the foundation as a continuum, can be properly accounted for in Winkler's model. A parametric study is conducted, and the influences of velocity of the moving load, load distribution, etc. on the dynamic response of the soil/runway system are investigated. Furthermore, the present computational method is applied to the problem of a transport airplane taxiing on a concrete pavement resting on a typical soil. The responses of pavements are presented for different taxiing velocities.     

考虑水平摩阻效应的土工格室加筋体受力分析

视土工格室加筋体为置于Winkler弹性地基上的连续有限长梁,考虑荷载作用下格室体与其上下表面土体之间摩阻力影响,基于传统的弹性地基梁理论,建立出相应的格室加筋体挠曲变形控制微分方程。引入Galerkin法,导出具有对称荷载作用下格室加筋体的挠曲变形、转角、剪力及弯矩的非线性解析解。进而进一步分析探讨了格室体与土体之间的摩阻效应对土工格室加筋体内力及位移的影响。结果表明:水平摩阻效应对土工格室加筋体内力及位移有一定程度的影响。     

Thermal Postbuckling of Imperfect Shear-Deformable Laminated Plates on Two-Parameter Elastic Foundations

Thermal postbuckling analysis is presented for a simply supported, shear-deformable composite laminated plate subjected to uniform or nonuniform parabolic temperature loading and resting on a two-parameter (Pasternak-type) elastic foundation. The initial geometric imperfection of the plate is taken into account. Reddy's third-order shear-deformation plate theory with von Karman nonlinearity is used. The governing equations also include the plate-foundation interaction and thermal effects. The analysis uses a mixed Galerkin-perturbation technique to determine thermal buckling loads and postbuckling equilibrium paths. Numerical examples are presented that relate to the performances of perfect and imperfect, symmetric cross-ply laminated plates resting on Pasternak-type elastic foundations from which results for Winkler elastic foundations are obtained as a limiting case. The influence played by a number of effects, among them foundation stiffness, transverse shear deformation, plate aspect ratio, fiber orientation, thermal load ratio, and initial geometric imperfections, is studied. Typical results are presented in dimensionless graphical form.     

求解多层地基上变截面基础梁的链杆法

本文在计算多层地基上变截面基础梁时,对梁和地基分别采用解析解,用混合法建立基本方程,给出了多层地基沉陷系数和变截面梁在集中力、集中力偶、均布力和变温荷载作用下梁挠度的解答。由于充分利用了解析解精度高和链杆法未知数少的特点,使得一般工程问题都能在微型计算机上解决。计算结果表明,采用多层地基上变截面基础梁的计算模型比传统的文克勒地基和半无限地基上等截面基础梁的计算模型更为合理。该计算方案还可以推广应用于双铰底板和分缝浇筑底板的计算中去。