鲶鱼骨酶解产物抑菌活性的酶解工艺优化

试验以鲶鱼头、鱼骨为原料,通过先匀浆后高压、先高压后匀浆、直接匀浆3种不同的预处理方法.以蛋白质含量为指标,选出一种最优的预处理方法.利用中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶5种酶分别在各自最适条件下对其进行水解,采用正交试验设计,以大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌和藤黄色葡萄球菌为供试菌种,以抑菌性为测定指标确定酶解的最佳用酶以及酶解的工艺条件.试验结果表明:对鲶鱼头、鱼骨先高压后匀浆的预处理方法得到的蛋白质含量最高;胃蛋白酶为酶解鲶鱼骨的最佳用酶;胃蛋白酶的最佳酶解工艺条件为:底物浓度为1:4,酶添加量为2000U/g,酶解时间2.5 h,酶解温度37℃,最适pH值7.0.     

鲶鱼骨酶解物抑菌性能研究

以大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和藤黄微球菌3种菌为受试菌,研究了鲶鱼骨酶解物的抑菌性能,并初步探讨了鲶鱼骨酶解物抑菌作用的稳定性。结果表明,鲶鱼骨酶解物对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和藤黄微球菌都有明显的抑制作用,其中对藤黄微球菌抑制作用最强,其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)分别是6 mg/mL和8 mg/mL,鲶鱼骨酶解物的抑菌活性具有较好的热稳定性和pH不稳定性。     

具免疫活性的鲶鱼胶原多肽酶解工艺研究

以鲶鱼头、骨为原料,以感官评价等为指标,探索了较好的脱脂方法,并以蛋白酶种类(木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶)、底物浓度、酶解时间、加酶量为实验因素,以脾淋巴细胞的转化程度为观察指标,设计了四因素五水平的正交实验,对具有免疫活性的鲶鱼胶原多肽的酶解条件进行了筛选.研究结果显示:采用异丙醇-乙酸乙酯法对前处理后鲶鱼头、骨泥的脱脂效果最好;获得具有较高免疫活性鲶鱼胶原多肽的最佳酶解工艺条件为:以木瓜蛋白酶水解鲶鱼头、骨,加酶量1600U/g、水解时间为4h、底物浓度为1:4.5(W/W);实验结果同时显示,在本研究条件下,酶的种类是影响酶解物活性的主要因素.     

鲶鱼发酵香肠的研制

为了获得质量、口感较好的鲶鱼发酵香肠,通过发酵剂适应性试验,选择用戊糖片球菌,植物乳杆菌和木糖葡萄球菌按1:1:1比例混合生产鲶鱼发酵香肠,在接种量、温度、相对湿度单因素试验的基础上结合正交实验,通过感官评价,确定鲶鱼发酵香肠的最佳生产工艺。试验结果表明:鲶鱼发酵香肠的最佳生产工艺为:三种菌的接种量为106cfu/g,发酵温度为25℃,发酵相对湿度为90%。     

白萝卜澄清汁的酶解工艺

以白萝卜为原料,采用双酶法酶解工艺,在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交实验设计,研究白萝卜澄清汁的酶解工艺.结果表明,白萝卜澄清汁的最佳酶解工艺为:果胶酶添加量0.2g/kg,纤维素酶添加量0.6g/kg,pH5.0,酶解温度45℃,酶解时间80min.在此工艺条件下生产的白萝卜澄清汁的出汁率为80.13％,透光率为89.2％.     

鲶鱼骨蛋白酶解物中抗菌活性物质的初步分离纯化

用胃蛋白酶酶解鲶鱼头、鱼骨,酶解得到抑菌活性较高的鲶鱼骨酶解液,然后对酶解液进行初步分离与纯化。鲶鱼骨蛋白抑菌活性最强的酶解物经过超滤(MW3 000 u)和Sephadex G-15凝胶层析分离纯化,采用比浊法和滤纸片法测定其抑菌活性。结果表明,分离纯化后,酶解混合物对大肠杆菌、藤黄微球菌以及枯草杆菌的抑菌活性都有一定的提高,其中层析后峰2的抑菌活性最强,峰2对大肠杆菌、藤黄微球菌以及枯草杆菌的抑菌活性要比酶解粗品提高1倍左右,且各组分的平均分子质量均在1 500 u以下。峰2经反相高效液相色谱分析得出,组分由70多种物质组成,要想得到纯的抗菌活性物质还需要进一步深入研究。     

低分子量鲶鱼蛋白肽的酶解工艺优化及氨基酸分析

以鲶鱼酶解液多肽含量为指标,采用响应面分析法优化鲶鱼的酶解条件,继而对在此条件下得到的酶解液进行氨基酸组成分析和多肽分子量的分布测定。结果表明:最佳酶解工艺条件为料液比1∶2.7(g/mL)、pH 6、酶解温度57℃、酶解时间300min。氨基酸分析结果也符合FAO/WHO所提出的蛋白评价标准。最后通过GPC凝胶质谱分析后可确定样品中多肽的相对分子质量主要集中在700.0～2800.0g/mol之间。该成果可为后续鲶鱼相关的新型调味发酵制品的开发提供一定的理论依据。     

木瓜蛋白酶水解羊乳酪蛋白的工艺研究

目的:研究木瓜蛋白酶酶解羊乳酪蛋白的最优工艺条件,以获得具有抗菌活性的酶解物.方法:以山羊乳为原料制备酪蛋白,以木瓜蛋白酶为水解酶对其进行水解,通过单因素试验和正交试验,以酶解液中氨基态氮含量为指标,优选木瓜蛋白酶酶解山羊乳酪蛋白的最佳工艺条件,并用该酶解物做抑菌活性试验.结果:木瓜蛋白酶酶解山羊乳酪蛋白的最佳酶解工艺:酶与底物比4 000 U/g,底物质量浓度85 g/L,初始pH 6.0,在温度60 ℃下酶解150 min.抗菌试验结果表明,酶解液氨基氮质量浓度为0.2889 g/100 mL时,对Ecoli.O157有一定的抑菌活性.结论:用木瓜蛋白酶酶解山羊乳酪蛋白,可得到具有一定抑菌活性的酶解物.这是获得抗菌肽的良好来源.     

鲶鱼肌浆蛋白对鲶鱼鱼糜凝胶性的影响

采用等电点方法(pH3.0~7.0)从鲶鱼鱼糜漂洗水中提取鲶鱼肌浆蛋白,将得到的鲶鱼肌浆蛋白(含水量16.1 g/100 g)按不同添加量(1对照组:鱼糜+0%鲶鱼肌浆蛋白+2%食盐+0.2%磷酸盐;2~7实验组:鱼糜+0~5%鲶鱼肌浆蛋白+2%食盐+0.2%磷酸盐+0.5%TG酶)添加到鲶鱼鱼糜当中。研究7组鲶鱼鱼糜的质构剖面分析值、剪切力、凝胶强度和色差等各项指标的变化情况。实验结果表明:随着鲶鱼肌浆蛋白添加量的增加,鲶鱼鱼糜凝胶的硬度、弹性、咀嚼度和凝胶强度不断上升,在添加量为4%时各值达到最大值,添加量为5%时各值出现下降趋势。添加鲶鱼肌浆蛋白对鲶鱼鱼糜的的黏聚性影响不大(P0.05),同时对鱼糜凝胶的色差无明显影响(P0.05)。     

腌制和烘烤工艺对中式香肠品质的影响

主要研究了腌制和烘烤工艺对中式香肠品质的影响.实验结果表明,腌制和烘烤工艺对中式香肠品质有重要影响,腌制和烘烤工艺最佳参数为:腌制温度4℃,腌制时间32h,亚硝酸钠用量0.12g/kg,抗坏血酸钠添加量0.15g/kg,烘烤温度60℃,烘烤时间30h.在此最佳腌制和烘烤工艺条件下,中式香肠品质最佳.     

EFFECT OF MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING ON THE QUALITY OF SMOKED CATFISH

Smoked catfish were inoculated with Listeria ivanovii then packaged under 80% CO₂/20% N₂ (M₁) and 40% CO₂/30%O₂/130% N₂ (M₂) and stored at 2 and 8C. Noninoculated samples packaged under air (A) served as controls. Fillets stored under M₂ at 8C showed the fastest growth of L. ivanovii. L. ivanovii counts in samples stored under M₁ at both temperatures decreased significantly over time. Listeria growth was observed in samples stored under air at 2 and 8C after 2 weeks. APC results were similar to that of Listeria The highest TBA values were observed in M₂-stored samples followed by air-stored samples. Lightness ("L" values) increased significantly, whereas "a" (redgreen) and "b" (blue/yellow) values decreased in all atmospheres at both temperatures over time. The combined use of M₁ and 2C improved the quality of smoked catfish by inhibiting microbial growth and minimizing the extent of lipid oxidation.     

OXIDATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CATFISH LIPIDS AS AFFECTED BY THE MICROENVIRONMENT OF ASCORBIC ACID

The predominant site of lipid oxidation in frozen channel catfish has previously been attributed to both triacylglycerols and phospholipids. This study was designed to delineate the extent to which the microenvironment of ascorbic acid might alter the oxidative susceptibility of lipid classes. Modification in microenvironment was achieved by administering ascorbic acid in two different ways: metabolic absorption of dissolved ascorbate by live catfish, or tumbling of fillets in the presence of an ascorbic acid solution. Fillets from both treatments were subjected to frozen storage (-6C) for up to 6 months and their oxidative stability compared to untreated fillets stored under similar conditions. Oxidative products in vacuum tumbled fillets were generated sooner but at a slower rate than metabolically absorbed fillets suggesting that the oxidative substrate differed. Further characterization of stored fish samples for lipids, tocopherol, and ascorbic acid led to the conclusion that intercellularly distributed ascorbic acid (vacuum tumbled fillets), while capable of regenerating tocopherol and protecting membrane phospholipids, simultaneously accelerated oxidation of the triacylglycerols. Application of ascorbic acid via metabolic absorption, on the other hand, did not lead to an acceleration in triacylglycerol oxidation.     

EVALUATION OF A RIBOFLAVIN-METHIONINE MIXTURE TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF AQUACULTURED CATFISH FILETS DURING THE CHILLING PROCESS

An optimized riboflavin-methionine (RM) mixture with Escherichia coli (target organism) was evaluated for improving the quality of catfish filets during the chilling process. The RM mixture (pH 7.2) containing riboflavin (10μM), methionine (20 mM) and EDTA (1 mM) was photoactivated. E. coli cells grew in a medium containing l-methionine when exposed to fluorescent light and grew in a RM mixture in the dark. However, the activated RM mixture injured and killed E. coli cells. As the concentration of riboflavin increased, the number of survivors decreased. The concentration of methionine did not significantly decrease the survival rate of E. coli. As pH increased, the number of killed and injured E. coli cells increased. The RM mixture injured and/or killed a low load of E. coli cells faster than a high load. Methionine solution or RM mixture added to the suspension in phosphate buffer (15 mM, pH 7.2) and photoactivated at 0 and 24C for 8h to simulate the chilling water significantly reduced the total coliform counts but not the standard plate counts. However, when the catfish filets were suspended in a RM mixture at 0 and 24C for 2h to simulate the chilling process, there was no reduction in standard plate or total coliform counts.