大黄鱼肌原纤维结合型丝氨酸蛋白酶的克隆、表达及性质

为探究大黄鱼肌原纤维结合型丝氨酸蛋白酶(MBSP)的性质,实验采用生物信息学方法对大黄鱼MBSP进行基因检索与筛选,通过分子克隆得到大黄鱼MBSP编码区全长cDNA并构建毕赤酵母表达系统得到重组蛋白质(Lc-rMBSP),分析Lc-rMBSP的酶学性质和二级结构并通过同源建模分析Lc-MBSP的三级结构。结果显示,大黄鱼肌原纤维蛋白中存在MBSP,在55°C下活性最高。大黄鱼基因组中注释为类胰蛋白酶的基因有16条,对这些基因与淡水鱼MBSP进行系统进化树分析和多序列比对,得到同源性较高的基因序列(Lc-MBSP)。Lc-MBSP编码区全长735 bp,共编码244个氨基酸残基。通过毕赤酵母重组表达,分离纯化得到分子量约28 ku的重组蛋白质Lc-rMBSP。表达蛋白的最适温度和pH分别为50°C和8.0。圆二色谱分析表明,温度对Lc-rMBSP二级结构具有较大的影响。Lc-rMBSP在较宽的温度范围内(40～60°C)对MHC具有较高的水解活性。Lc-rMBSP的最适底物为Boc-Leu-Lys-Arg-MCA,并且特异性切割羧基侧的精氨酸残基,而不分解赖氨酸残基。通过同源建模得到Lc...     

嗜水气单胞菌J-1株丝氨酸蛋白酶基因克隆与序列分析

根据已发表的气单胞菌胞外蛋白酶基因核苷酸序列，设计和合成了一对引物，以嗜水气单胞菌AhJ—1的基因组DNA为模板，通过PCR技术，扩增到约900bp的丝氨酸蛋白酶基因片段，并克隆到质粒载体pGEM—T中进行测序和分析，结果表明扩增的丝氨酸蛋白酶基因片段与已发表的嗜水气单胞菌丝氨酸蛋白酶Ahe2的同源性有87％，扩增片段编码343个氨基酸，推测的分子量为35700，计算机软件分析表明编码的氨基酸有较高的抗原性，可作为核酸疫苗的侯选基因片段。     

克氏原螯虾丝氨酸蛋白酶类似物部分基因的克隆与鉴定

设计简并引物,PCR扩增了克氏原螯虾(Procam barus clarkii)丝氨酸蛋白酶类似物基因的部分序列,通过与GenBank登录的序列进行比对,结果显示该序列编码的氨基酸与其他物种的丝氨酸蛋白酶类似物氨基酸序列有较高的同源性。SMART软件分析发现其催化三联体结构中的丝氨酸被甘氨酸取代,不具备蛋白酶水解活性。     

鳜胃蛋白酶原基因cDNA全长的克隆与序列分析

利用RT–PCR和cDNA末端快速扩增法(RACE)克隆鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)胃蛋白酶原基因cDNA全长序列，并对该基因的结构特征和系统进化关系进行了分析。鳜胃蛋白酶原基因cDNA序列全长1367 bp，5′端非翻译区43 bp，3′端非翻译区187 bp，开放阅读框(ORF)1137 bp，共编码378个氨基酸。鳜胃蛋白酶原氨基末端存在信号肽和激活肽序列，序列中含有催化活性必需的2个天冬氨酸残基和构成二硫键的6个半胱氨酸残基。鳜胃蛋白酶原氨基酸序列与其他脊椎动物胃蛋白酶原氨基酸序列的同源性为59.9%～91.2%，表明胃蛋白酶原基因在脊椎动物的长期进化中比较保守。鳜胃蛋白酶原基因的成功克隆不仅为进一步研究该基因的时空表达奠定基础，而且为鱼类胃蛋白酶原的分子特征和进化提供了新的资料。     

螯虾免疫相关基因的检出及丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制物基因分析

通过对抑制性差减杂交和cDNA芯片技术分离的 2 0 1个阳性克隆的测序 ,得到螯虾 (Procambarusclarkii)免疫相关基因 4 8个 ,其中正向克隆中 4 2个 ,反向克隆 6个 ,除正向克隆中SNAP - 2 5 (synatosome-associatedproteinof2 5ku)已报道外 ,其余均为新基因 ,均在GenBank登录。正向克隆中的同源基因有微管蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶前体、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制物Ⅰ、精氨酸激酶、70kD伴侣蛋白同类物等。进一步用DotNorthernblot对克隆号PCI188进行鉴定 ,结果攻毒组的杂交信号是对照组的 3.2 4倍 ,与cDNA芯片结果相符。用快速扩增cDNA末端技术扩增克隆号PCI188基因的 5’端片段和 3’端片段 ,全长共 112 8bp ,编码的蛋白质有 2 77个氨基酸 ,分子量为 30 .2 7kD。与GenBank序列号X795 12软尾太平剌蛄 (P .le niusculus)的蛋白酶抑制物Ⅰ (为丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制物 )的基因同源性为 5 8.7% ,氨基酸同源性为 6 9.7%。该蛋白质有 5个重复的结构域 ,与丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制物Kazal家族的结构域相似     

海带cbbX基因序列特征及在雌、雄配子体之间的差异表达

根据海带雄配子体抑制消减cDNA文库中筛选出的克隆18序列设计基因特异性引物,利用cDNA末端快速扩增技术(rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RACE),克隆了一条长2087bp的cDNA序列(GenBank登陆号:EF490312),其中开放阅读框1275bp,5′-非翻译区(untranslated region,UTR)长118bp,3′-UTR长694bp且具有明显的polyA尾巴。蛋白同源搜索显示,它编码的蛋白与Guillardiatheta这种隐藻核型体编码的CbbX蛋白(GenBank登录号:CAB65663)具有66%同源性。推测的海带配子体cbbX基因编码一个含有424个氨基酸的前体蛋白,前19个氨基酸为信号肽序列。酶切后的成熟蛋白由405个氨基酸组成,分子量为45.26ku,等电点为5.28。海带配子体cbbX基因被8个内含子隔离开,它们的剪切位点都遵循GT-AG规则。无论在cDNA或者DNA序列上,雌、雄配子体cbbX基因都没有差异。自编码蛋白的第184位Gly开始,具有一个典型的Walker ATP-结合motif。通过与其它物种共14个CbbX蛋白序列...     

黄鳍鲷肌肉中弹性蛋白酶基因全长克隆及生物信息学

研究表明弹性蛋白酶(elastase, Ela)参与调控嗜水气单胞菌引起的细菌性溃疡病,对控制鱼类养殖中免疫疾病有重要作用。本研究根据已报道脊椎动物的Elas基因序列设计特异性引物,通过RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆获得黄鳍鲷Ela基因(AlEla)cDNA序列全长,并对其进行生物信息学分析。结果显示,AlEla基因全长为946 bp,包含807 bp的开放阅读框,编码269个氨基酸,含有16个氨基酸信号肽的亲水性稳定膜外蛋白,定位于细胞外基质,具有3个O-糖基化和15个磷酸化的潜在位点。编码的成熟AlEla蛋白预测相对分子质量27 509 u,等电点为6.05。氨基酸序列同源性比对发现,AlEla与鲷和鲆的Elas2的同源性为84.76%～99.26%,处于系统进化树上同一分支,表明它们的亲缘性相近。AlEla具有Elas的保守结构,如Tryp-SPc结构域、丝氨酸蛋白酶催化三联体、保守的半胱氨酸残基以及在C端含有GDSGGPL序列等,揭示该酶有丝氨酸蛋白酶的催化活性。对AlEla蛋白的二级结构分析显示,α-螺旋、β-转角、β-折叠和无规则卷曲所占的比例分别为17.84%、7.06%、24.54%和50.56%。三级结构分析推测α-螺旋和β-折叠对于AlEla蛋白的空间构象可能有着重要作用。本研究从黄鳍鲷肌肉中成功克隆AlEla基因并分析其生物信息学特征,为后续研究AlEla参与调控鱼类免疫疾病的机制提供理论基础。     

异育银鲫P450家族CYP3A136基因的克隆与表达

根据5种硬骨鱼已知CYP3A序列保守区设计兼并引物,以异育银鲫cDNA为模板扩增得到CYP3A基因片段,根据得到片段序列设计特异引物并利用cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)获得全长cDNA。得到异育银鲫CYP3A基因全长为1 769 bp,开放阅读框为1 545个核苷酸,编码514个氨基酸。其预测蛋白质分子量为58.624 ku,理论等电点为6.30。将异育银鲫CYP3A序列理论编码氨基酸序列提交细胞色素P450命名委员会(Cytochrome P450 Nomenclature Committee)并由其命名为CYP3A136。氨基酸序列分析显示,其与稀有鮈鲫、草鱼、鲦同源性较高,并且具有高度保守的血红素结合区域FXXGXXXCXG。异育银鲫CYP3A基因的半定量RT-PCR显示,在肝和肠组织中转录水平最高,在肾和鳃中次之,其余组织较低。     

鲤脂肪酸合成酶基因的克隆与表达分析

脂肪酸合成酶(FASN)是动物体内脂肪酸合成的关键酶。本研究利用逆转录PCR和RACE技术获得鲤Cyprinus carpio FASN全长cDNA序列为8 927bp,开放阅读框7 533bp,编码2 511个氨基酸。FASN蛋白质相对分子量274 145.67D,理论等电点(PI)为6.10。氨基酸同源性分析结果显示:鲤FASN基因与其他鱼类同源性为75.13%~95.34%,与人同源性为61.81%。系统进化树结果显示:鲤FASN氨基酸序列与金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus grahamia聚为一支,同源性最高。实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测结果表明:FASN基因鲤脑组织中表达量最高,肝脏次之,血液中最低。鲤FASN基因的获得为进一步深入研究鲤脂肪酸的合成途径及脂肪发育分子调控机制奠定了基础。     

三角帆蚌β-肌动蛋白基因的cDNA全长克隆及表达分析

采用RTPCR和快速扩增cDNA末端(rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RACE)技术首次克隆了三角帆蚌β-肌动蛋白基因的cDNA全序列,该序列全长为1 483 bp,由长92 bp的5′非翻译区(untranslated region,UTR),257 bp的3′非翻译区,和1 134 bp的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)组成。阅读框共编码377个氨基酸,推算的分子量约为41.9 ku,理论等电点为5.3。三角帆蚌β-actin氨基酸序列中Met178,Ser305,Ser321,Pro325,Val331,Pro346等6个氨基酸残基具有特异性,此外还发现3个特殊的氨基酸残基位点以及2个软体动物特有的氨基酸残基。三角帆蚌β-actin氨基酸序列与软体动物、节肢动物、脊椎动物的相似性高达98%~99%。NJ法系统进化分析显示三角帆蚌首先与软体动物聚在一起,然后与节肢动物聚在一起,再依次与鱼类、两栖类、哺乳类聚在一起。RT-PCR显示β-actin基因在外套膜、血液、肝、肾、胃、肠、鳃、斧足共8个组织的表达基本一致,具有良好的稳定性。     

Partial characterization and activity distribution of proteases along the intestine of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.)

A series of studies based on biochemical assays and electrophoretical observations has been conducted in order to investigate activity distributions and partially characterize various types of proteinases in the digestive tract of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.). The casein digestion assays revealed that the presence of acidic proteinase had the highest activity at pH 2.5–3.0 and the alkaline proteinases at pH 10.0. The acidic proteinase activity distribution was found to decrease gradually from the oesophagus to the anus. Pepstatin A and EDTA inhibited the acidic proteinases activity. The SDS‐substrate‐PAGE showed that crude extraction of grass carp intestine contained an acidic proteinase active component with molecular mass of 28.5 ku. The substrate‐PAGE at neutral pH condition showed the presence of two acidic proteinase active components. The activity distribution of alkaline proteinase was found to slightly fluctuate along the intestine. And the whole intestine had very high activity. The inhibition assays and substrate specificity assays showed that trypsin was the main active component of the alkaline proteinases. The SDS‐substrate‐PAGE further showed that the crude extraction of grass carp intestine had four types of alkaline proteinase with molecular mass of 26.4, 30.8, 43.0 and 105.0 ku respectively. They were characterized to be trypsin (26.4, 30.8 and 43.0 ku) and un‐serine proteinase (105.0 ku) respectively. No chymotrypsin was detected.     

草鱼TLR9基因全长cDNA的克隆及特征分析

采用同源克隆及快速扩增cDNA末端技术,从草鱼鳃组织中克隆了Toll样受体9(Toll-like receptor 9,TLR9)基因的cDNA全长。序列分析表明,草鱼TLR9 cDNA全长3 468 bp,编码1 058个氨基酸,其中包括18个氨基酸组成的信号肽、16个富含亮氨酸重复结构域(leucine rich repeat,LRR)、1个跨膜区和1个TIR结构域(Toll/IL-1 receptor)。该蛋白的分子量为121 921 u,等电点为8.80。氨基酸序列的同源性分析显示,草鱼TLR9与鲤TLR9的同源性最高(85%),依次为斑马鱼(82%)、大西洋鲑(55%)、虹鳟(55%)。在系统发生树上,草鱼TLR9首先与鲤科的鲤和斑马鱼聚类。通过半定量RT-PCR检测可知,草鱼TLR9在被检测的15个组织中都有表达,其中在鳃中的表达最高,其次为血、头肾等。这些结果为进一步深入研究TLR-9的功能及开发草鱼免疫增强剂奠定基础。     

Occurrence of two distinct molecular species of cathepsin B in carp Cyprinus carpio

ABSTRACT:   We purified cathepsins B₁ and B₂ from the ordinary muscle of carp Cyprinus carpio . The N-terminal amino acid sequences (12 residues) of 29 kDa bands of cathepsins B₁ and B₂ are the same and showed high homology of 75% and 83%, respectively, with the heavy chain of rat and human cathepsins B. Based on conserved sequences of other cathepsins B and the N-terminal amino acid sequences of 29 kDa bands, we cloned carp cathepsin B cDNA. The nucleotide sequence of carp cathepsin B cDNA consists of 1470 bp including a 993 bp open reading frame, encoding a deduced protein of 330 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of carp cathepsin B has similarity of 80% to rainbow trout cathepsin B and of 76–78% to other vertebrate cathepsins B. The sequence of its isoform was also determined during molecular cloning, which has 94.8% similarity with first cloned cathepsin B. They are completely same in N-terminal amino acid sequence of heavy chain, active site and potential N-glycosylation site. This indicates there are at least two kinds of cathepsin B functioning in vivo in carp.     

A serine proteinase from the sarcoplasmic fraction of red sea bream Pagrus major is possibly derived from blood

Collagen degradation is known to be involved in the post mortem tenderization of fish muscle. A serine proteinase that is assumed to be related to collagen degradation after fish death was purified from the sarcoplasmic fraction of red sea bream Pagrus major by ammonium sulfate fractionation and column chromatography on Sephacryl S-300, Q Sepharose and Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B. The enzyme hydrolyzed gelatin and was obtained as a protein band of approximately 38 kDa upon sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was determined for 32 residues. A protein that had the same N-terminal amino acid sequence as the enzyme for ten residues was purified from the serum of red sea bream and showed the same characteristics as the enzyme. Therefore, it is suggested that the serine proteinase migrates from the blood to muscle and degrades muscle proteins after the death of the fish.     

cDNA cloning and characterization of the warm-temperature-acclimation-associated protein Wap65 from carp, Cyprinus carpio

We determined full-length cDNA of carp warm-temperature-acclimation-associated 65-kDa protein (Wap65). It encoded 439 amino acid residues with a signal peptide of 22 residues and showed an amino acid sequence identity of 88% to that of goldfish reported before (J. Biol. Chem. 1995. 270: 17087–17092). The number of potential N-linked glycosylation sites of carp Wap65 was two in contrast to three for goldfish. In addition, molecular mass determined by SDS-PAGE was apparently different from that of goldfish. These results suggest that the amount of oligosaccharide is different between the carp and goldfish protein. As in goldfish, carp Wap65 mRNA showed marked accumulation in hepatopancreas of the 30 °C- acclimated fish, which was 8-fold higher than that of the 10 °C-acclimated fish. Carp Wap65 showed 30% amino acid identity to mammalian hemopexins, which appeared to be considerably low in comparison with those among mammalian hemopexins (72 to 80%), or among carp Wap65 and rainbow trout hemopexin-like protein (70%). However, although mammalian hemopexins contain residues comprising the heme binding pocket, carp Wap65 lacked one of the two histidine residues to serve as heme axial ligands in hemopexins. Our data on carp protein substantiates the previous observation for goldfish and indicates that Wap65 might have some important functions in warm-temperature-acclimation of fish.     

草鱼ghrelin基因的分子克隆与组织分布及其摄食调控作用分析

ghrelin是一种在脊椎动物摄食调节过程中起重要作用的脑肠肽,具有明显的摄食促进作用。实验利用同源克隆技术获得了草鱼ghrelin基因的cDNA序列和DNA序列,其中cDNA序列全长506 bp,包括90 bp的5′端非编码区(5′-untranslated region,5′UTR),312 bp的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF),以及104 bp的3′端非编码区(3′-untranslated region,3′UTR)。开放阅读框编码的103个氨基酸的ghrelin前体肽,经剪切加工后形成含有19个氨基酸的成熟肽。氨基酸序列分析结果显示,草鱼ghrelin与硬骨鱼类ghrelin相似度最高,而与其他脊椎动物相似度较低,同时草鱼ghrelin成熟肽N端的"活性中心"(active core)为鲤科鱼类中常见的GTSF形式。与大多数硬骨鱼类的ghrelin基因结构相同,草鱼ghrelin基因也包括4个外显子和3个内含子。荧光定量PCR检测到ghrelin mRNA大量分布于草鱼的前肠和脾,脑、肾、肝、肌肉、皮和鳔等组织也有ghrelin mRNA分布。草鱼脑和肠中的ghrelin表达水平在摄食后下降,随着饥饿时间的延长表达水平逐步升高,最后维持在较高水平,表明ghrelin作为摄食启动信号对草鱼的摄食活动起到了促进作用。     

Cloning, characterization and expression of the LECT2 gene in grass carp

An expressed sequence tag of grass carp leukocyte cell–derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) gene was screened from an established intestinal cDNA library. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends gave rise to a full-length LECT2 cDNA (gcLECT2) with a complete open-reading frame of 474 bp, encoding 158 amino acids about 17.9 kDa. Homology search and sequence alignment showed that this deduced protein sequence shared a high identity with LECT2 from other vertebrates. Western blotting indicated immunological cross-reactivity occurs between grass carp and human LECT2 protein. This gcLECT2 genomic sequence is 1,868 bp in size, which consists of five exons and four introns. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that gcLECT2 gene is ubiquitously expressed in different tissues of healthy grass carp including brain, gut, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle and heart, while the expression levels were significantly increased in liver and spleen followed by Aeromonas salmonicida infection. 992 bp 5′-flanking region sequence was cloned and analyzed, where one CAAT box and one GC island were found. Our results showed that the LECT2 is suggested to be most possibly involved in the grass carp’s immune response.     

仿刺参性别相关基因P450c17的克隆与序列分析

本研究克隆了仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)P450c17基因的全长cDNA,结果表明其cDNA的5′端UTR为256 bp,3′端UTR为250 bp,ORF为1 530 bp。在3′端有特殊序列ATTTA、终止密码子TAA和polyA加尾。其全长cDNA编码509个氨基酸的前体蛋白,预测蛋白分子量57.6 kD,理论等电点5.5。P450c17的氨基酸序列存在长度为25个氨基酸的信号肽,1个长度为22个氨基酸的跨膜区,1个糖基结合位点NHS,1个P450特有的结构域,其氨基酸序列具有明显的细胞色素P450基因家族的特征。结构域中亚铁血红素结合域中的精氨酸R和发挥活性所必须的半胱氨酸C都是保守的。这些结构组成了血红素结合环、质子传递槽和K螺旋及绝对保守EXXR基序。蛋白前体二级结构中无规则卷曲占41.22%,延伸链占12.77%,α–螺旋占46.01%,不含–折叠。氨基酸序列与其他物种氨基酸序列的同源性在35%～41%之间。系统进化树表明仿刺参与长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)及文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri)聚为一支,黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)、鲇(Clarias gariepinus)、日本鳗鲡(Anguillajaponica)及白斑角鲨(Squalus acanthias)聚为一支,三刺鱼(Gasterosteus aculeatus)、金眼门齿鲷(Stenotomus chrysops)、斑马鱼(Danio rerio)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)、牙鲆及青鳉(Fundulus heteroclitus)聚为一支。研究结果为进一步探讨仿刺参P450c17在性激素调控性别分化方面的功能提供参考。     

Molecular characterization and expression pattern of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in common carp, Cyprinus carpio

A full-length cDNA encoding the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) was cloned from the liver of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by RT-PCR. The IGFBP-3 cDNA sequence is 1,680 bp long and has an open reading frame of 882 bp encoding a predicted polypeptide of 293 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence contains a putative signal peptide of 25 amino acid residues resulting in a mature protein of 268 amino acids. A single band of approximate 1.9 kb was found in liver by Northern blot analysis. IGFBP-3 mRNA was observed in all regions of brain with high levels. In peripheral tissues, high levels of IGFBP-3 mRNA were found in retina, red muscle, liver, heart, posterior intestine, spleen, and testis. Relatively lower levels were found in white muscle, kidney, thymus gland, and ovary, while in head kidney, blood, skin, gill, middle intestine, and anterior intestine, the IGFBP-3 mRNA levels were much lower. IGFBP-3 mRNA was first detected in the blastula stage with significantly high level. The level sharply decreased in gastrula stage, and it became to increase in the following stages. During the reproductive cycle, the abundance of IGFBP-3 mRNA significantly decreased between the recrudescing stage and the matured stage in ovary, although in testis, IGFBP-3 mRNA expression level did not exhibit a significant change. The mRNA expression profiles in the present study imply that the IGFBP-3 may play important physiological functions in common carp development and reproduction.     

黄颡鱼cGnRH基因的筛选鉴定及生物信息学分析

本研究在前期已获得的黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco转录组基础上,利用BLAST程序从中筛选获得黄颡鱼c Gn RH基因的候选序列,再通过氨基酸序列分析从中筛选获得c Gn RH的全长c DNA为261bp,编码86个氨基酸,其核心十肽的序列为QHWSHGWYPG,相对分子质量为9 755.5、理论PI值为9.02。序列同源比对发现:黄颡鱼与斑马鱼Danio rerio、草鱼Ctenopharyngodon idella、鲤Cyprinus carpio中c Gn RH氨基酸的相似性分别高达70.93%、68.60%和67.44%。用MEGA构建的黄颡鱼与其他27种硬骨鱼c Gn RH的Neighbour-joining进化树发现,黄颡鱼c Gn RH先与脂鲤科的墨西哥丽脂鲤Astyanax mexican共聚类,再依次与鲤科的斑马鱼、草鱼、黑头呆鱼Pimephales promelas、稀有鮈鲫Gobiocypris rarus等鱼的c Gn RH序列聚类。本研究首次筛选获得黄颡鱼的c Gn RH序列,并利用生物信息学软件进行鉴定分析,为后续的基因表达和c Gn RH调节生长生殖作用的研究提供序列资源及基础。