心房扑动患者复律后心房顿抑与脑利钠肽的关系

目的探讨心房顿抑与脑利钠肽(BNP)的关系。方法采用超声心动图检测63例房扑患者复律后2小时、1天、1周和1月的舒张晚期血流速度(A峰)和心房充盈分数(AFF),以A峰小于50cm/s作为心房顿抑的标准,测定上述时间点血浆BNP,并与20例对照组对比分析。结果房扑患者复律后2h心房顿抑的发生率为39.68%,复律后A峰和AFF至1周恢复正常;复律后1天和1周时BNP与A峰有显著的相关性(P<0.05),复律后1天和1周时仍然存在心房顿抑的患者BNP显著高于无心房顿抑的患者(P<0.01),心房顿抑消失后,BNP迅速下降。结论房扑复律后BNP与心房顿抑关系密切,较高的血浆BNP水平可能提示心房顿抑的持续存在。     

组织及血流多普勒联合心尖搏动图评价心房颤动复律后心房顿抑和心房功能的临床研究

目的应用心肌组织多普勒成像(TDI)技术结合M型超声、脉冲多普勒及心尖搏动图测定房室环运动速度及幅度、跨瓣血流速度及压力变化,评价心房颤动(房颤)复律后心房功能的恢复及心房顿抑的发生.方法正常对照组20例,为窦性心律的正常健康者,男11例,女9例,平均年龄(51±6)岁.复律成功的房颤患者34例,男18例,女16例,平均年龄(51±12)岁,于复律后1小时、1天、1周及1个月行心脏超声检查.采用TDI技术测量房室环游离壁舒张晚期即心房收缩期心肌组织运动峰速(Am),舒张早期即心室主动舒张期心肌组织运动峰速(Em)并计算Am/Em值;M型超声测量房室环游离壁舒张晚期心肌最大运动幅度(DAD),舒张早期心肌最大运动幅度(DED)并计算DAD/DED值;脉冲多普勒测量A峰血流速度、E峰血流速度并计算A/E值;心尖搏动图记录心房收缩压力波.心房顿抑定义为Am、A峰及DAD波均为零,且心尖搏动图a波消失.结果复律后左右心房功能均低于正常(P＜0.05),左右心房功能均随时间逐渐恢复,至复律后1周右房功能基本恢复正常,复律后1个月左房功能恢复正常.心房顿抑的发生率在左房复律后1h时为20.6%,1天为11.76%,1周6.5%;右房则在复律后1小时和1天均为14.7%,1周3.2%,1个月时左右心房均无心房顿抑.结论房颤复律后左右心房功能均低于正常,且均有心房顿抑发生.左房功能恢复正常晚于右房.     

高敏C反应蛋白与心房顿抑关系的临床研究

目的探讨高敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）与心房顿抑的关系。方法将冠脉造影排除冠心病的患者分为慢性房颤组68例和窦律组103例。将房颤患者进行复律。比较房颤组复律前与窦律组、以及复律前后血浆hsCRP水平。结果房颤组患者复律前较窦律患者hsCRP升高，分别为（6．3±1．2）mg／L和（2．3±0．4）mg／L；复律后hsCRP为（13．6±3．7）mg／L，较复律前升高。结论慢性房颤患者hsCRP升高，且hsCRP与心房顿抑相关，是心房顿抑的独立预测因子。     

复律后左心房功能恢复与心房颤动持续时间相关性的临床研究

目的:应用心肌组织多普勒技术结合M型超声、脉冲血流多普勒和心尖搏动图评价心房颤动(房颤)复律后心房功能的变化及其相关因素。方法:正常对照组20例,房颤复律患者34例。根据房颤持续时间分成短期房颤组(n=18)和长期房颤组(n=16),于复律后1小时、1天、1周和1个月行超声检查。采用心肌组织多普勒技术测量二尖瓣环侧壁心房收缩期心肌组织运动峰速(Am)和舒张早期运动峰速(Em)并计算Am/Em比值,M型超声测量瓣环侧壁舒张晚期心肌最大运动幅度(DAD)和舒张早期最大运动幅度(DED)并计算DAD/DED比值,脉冲血流多普勒测量心房收缩期跨瓣血流最大流速(A)和心室舒张早期血流最大流速(E)并计算A/E比值,心尖搏动图记录心房收缩压力波。并筛选出与复律后1小时、1天、1周左心房心肌组织运动速度有关的临床变量。结果:复律后1小时、1天、1周与Am相关的临床变量均为房颤持续时间。左心房功能与房颤持续时间的关系:复律后1小时及1天,Am、Am/Em,A/E,DAD、DAD/DED在两房颤组均低于正常对照组(P<0.05);长期房颤组低于短期房颤组(P<0.05);复律后1周,长期房颤组仍低于正常对照组和短期房颤组(P<0.05);短期房颤组与正常对照组无差异(P>0.05)。复律后1个月,除长期房颤组DAD/DED仍低于正常对照组(P<0.05),其余指标3组间无差异(P>0.05)。复律后左心房顿抑仅发生于长期房颤组,其发生率于1小时为43.8%,1天为25%,1周为12.5%。结论:房颤复律后左心房功能的恢复及左心房顿抑的发生与房颤持续时间有明显相关性。     

血浆脑钠肽在心房纤颤患者中应用的临床意义分析

目的 观察心房纤颤(房颤)对血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平的影响并探讨其临床意义.方法 采用美国博适-Triag干式快速定量(心力衰竭/心肌梗死)诊断仪床旁测定86例心功能正常房颤患者及30例无器质性心脏病窦性心律患者BNP水平.对房颤患者进行药物复律,测定复律前后血浆BNP水平.结果 房颤患者BNP水平显著高于无器质性心脏病窦性心律患者(P＜0.01).房颤组中,复律成功组复律后的BNP水平显著下降(P＜0.01);复律成功组复律前BNP水平明显低于未复律成功组(P＜0.01).结论 房颤是影响BNP分泌的重要因素,BNP水平是预测房颤复律效果的重要指标,复律后BNP水平显著下降.     

血浆脑利钠肽与房颤病人复律和复发的临床研究

目的研究阵发性或持续性房颤(Af)病人转复窦性心律时,血浆脑利钠肽(BNP)水平及其临床意义。方法选取62例心功能(1~3)级病人,采用放免法测定房颤及窦性心律时病人血浆中BNP的浓度,观察两组BNP水平、房颤发作次数。结果病人房颤发生时BNP浓度为(88.36±22.32)pg/mL,比复律后窦性心律时(57.48±20.32)pg/mL明显增高(P<0.05),高BNP水平病人组房颤发生次数较低BNP水平病人多。多因素分析显示血浆BNP水平与Af持续时间是转律后窦性心律维持的独立影响因子。结论血BNP浓度增高是发生心房颤动的预告因子,高水平的BNP更容易复发房颤,血浆BNP水平低或Af持续时间短者转律后窦性心律较易维持。     

心房颤动复律前后左房结构和功能变化的超声心动图研究

目的应用超声心动图观察心房颤动(简称房颤)患者复律前后左房结构和功能的变化。方法选择房颤患者20例,按心脏复律的方式分为直流电复律组7例,药物复律组13例,分别于复律前、复律后第1天、第3天、第7天、第1个月时应用超声心动图测定左房内径和容积,记录二尖瓣血流频谱A峰流速(VA)、A峰速度时间积分(A-VTI)、心房充盈分数(AFF)和左房射血力(LAEF)。分析左房内径、容积变化与左房收缩功能的关系。应用心房肌超声组织定征技术在左房后壁心肌和心包处测量背向散射积分值(IBS)及背向散射积分周期变异幅度(CVIB)评价心肌组织的声学特征。结果房颤时所有患者均存在左房扩大,而恢复窦性心律后直流电复律组和药物复律组的左房上下径均显著降低(P<0.05或0.01)。恢复窦性心律后第1天、第3天直流电复律与药物复律组比较,左房最大和最小容积显著增大(P<0.05或0.01),VA、A-VTI、AFF和LAEF明显降低。房颤时左房心肌标化IBS较健康对照组增大,而CVIB则降低(P均<0.01),直流电复律组恢复窦性心律后第1天、第3天左房心肌标化IBS及CVIB与房颤时比较无差异(P>0.05),而药物复律组左房IBS%与房颤时和直流电复律组比较显著降低,CVIB则显著增大。恢复窦性心律后第7天、第1个月时,两组左房IBS%与房颤时比较均显著降低,CVIB显著增大(P均<0.01),两组无差异。结论两种复律方式成功复律后随时间推移均可改善房颤患者的左房结构重构和功能。     

阵发性心房颤动病人血浆脑利钠肽含量的意义

目的：研究阵发性心房颤动病人血浆脑利钠肽（BNP）含量在房颤发作时的变化，探讨房颤发作与BNP水平的关系。方法：测51例阵发性房颤病人在房颤发作时血浆脑利钠肽的含量，复律后48h复查脑利钠肽。所有病人随访三个月，记录房颤发作次数。根据BNP水平分为两组，比较两组病人房颤次数，进行统计学分析。结果：房颤发生时BNP水平高于复律后，BNP水平较高组房颤发生次数较BNP水平较低组为多。结论：阵发性房颤病人中BNP水平在房颤发生时较高，高BNP水平的房颤病人更易房颤复发。     

脑钠肽在心房颤动患者复律和复发中的水平变化

目的探讨血浆脑钠肽（BNP）与心房颤动的关系。方法检测心功能正常的心房颤动成功复律者60例复律前和复律后24 h血浆BNP、心钠肽（ANP）的水平。随访至1年,测定复发者和未复发者24 h血浆BNP、ANP的水平。结果 60例房颤复律患者复律后血浆BNP和ANP水平较复律前明显下降（P均〈0.01）。1年后1,6例患者发生了房颤。房颤复发组血浆BNP、ANP水平较窦性心律组明显升高（P均〈0.01）。多因素回归分析发现房颤复律前高BNP和ANP水平增加房颤患者的复发危险度。结论心房颤动患者复律前血浆BNP和ANP水平较高可以用来预测房颤的复发。     

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后心房颤动复律患者血浆中利钠肽和脑钠肽的变化

目的:观察经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术(PBMV)后心房颤动(房颤)成功复律与未复律患者血浆中心房利钠肽(ANP)和脑钠肽(BNP)的变化,并探讨与血流动力学参数的关系.方法:选择成功PBMV的风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴持续房颤律患者48例,其中成功复律组20例,未复律28例,获得外周静脉血及血流动力学完整资料.分别用放射免疫法和酶链免疫法测定血浆中ANP、BNP值,由超声心动图测左房内径(LAD)、二尖瓣口面积(MVA)、二尖瓣跨瓣压差(MPG)、左室舒张末径(LVEED).结果:随访至PBMV后1年,复律组患者血浆中ANP和BNP逐步下降,而未复律组BNP呈下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05), 复律组LAD和MPG较未复律组显著缩小(P<0.05).ANP、BNP与血流动力学指标之间相关性比较显示:复律组,术后1年与术前比较△LAD与△ANP下降仍呈正相关性(r=0.774;P<0.05),而△BNP与△MPG有相关(r=0.574;P<0.05).结论:PBMV后,房颤复律可进一步改善血流动力学,缩小LAD,降低血浆中ANP和BNP水平,复律后ANP和BNP的变化,仍是间接反映LAD和MPG变化趋势的有效指标.     

Concomitant recovery of atrial mechanical and endocrine function after cardioversion in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate left atrial mechanical function recovery and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release following successful cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation is characterized by functional deterioration, loss of atrial contraction, and elevation of plasma ANP levels. The response of ANP release toward atrial mechanical function after cardioversion of AF has not been fully examined. METHODS: We examined 29 patients with successfully cardioverted persistent AF in whom sinus rhythm was maintained for at least 30 days after cardioversion. We assessed mechanical function of the left atrium at 24 h and 7 and 30 days after cardioversion and evaluated plasma ANP level at the same time. Atrial mechanical function was assessed during echocardiographic examination by means of the peak velocity of the transmitral A-wave, early transmitral to atrial flow velocity ratio, and atrial filling fraction (AFF). The plasma ANP level was determined by the radioimmunoassay method. RESULTS: Plasma ANP levels were significantly reduced from 59.4 +/- 16.6 pg/ml to 31.1 +/- 9.2 pg/ml at 24 h after successful cardioversion. Within 30 days, we noted progressive improvement of atrial systolic function (increase in AFF from 21% to 31%, p < 0.05). At the same time, plasma ANP levels gradually increased from 31.1 +/- 9.2 pg/ml at 24 h to 36.9 +/- 12.8 pg/ml on day 30 following cardioversion (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma ANP levels significantly decreased in patients with persistent AF after successful cardioversion. In the 30 days after cardioversion, gradual elevation of plasma ANP concentration was observed concomitantly with an increase of AFF. Plasma ANP release after successful cardioversion of persistent AF might be due to recovery of atrial mechanical function.     

血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂、胺碘酮联用对预防心房颤动的影响

目的观察厄贝沙坦联用胺碘酮在持续性心房颤动转复后维持窦性心律的作用及对左心房功能的影响。方法98例持续性心房颤动(持续超过7d)患者,药物或电复律后随机分为两组,Ⅰ组50例给予胺碘酮0.2g,1次/d;Ⅱ组48例给予厄贝沙坦150mg,1次/d,胺碘酮0.2g,1次/d;两组均连服6个月。分别于治疗后第1周、2周、1个月、2个月、4个月及6个月复查心电图或动态心电图,观察心房颤动复发情况;复律后次日及6个月后做超声心动图(UCG)检查,观察左心房功能变化。结果共87例完成治疗。随访6个月,心房颤动复发Ⅰ组为34.9%(15/43),Ⅱ组为13.6%(6/44),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Ⅱ组复律后次日及治疗6个月后,超声测量左心房内径由(42±12)mm缩小为(34±11)mm,治疗前与治疗6个月后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而Ⅰ组上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论厄贝沙坦联用胺碘酮在持续性心房颤动转复后维持窦性心律,较单用胺碘酮更有效,长期服用厄贝沙坦可逆转左心房扩大,降低左心房压,有利于消除心房颤动复发的基础。     

环肺静脉隔离术对阵发性心房颤动患者左心房大小和功能的影响

目的:探讨环肺静脉隔离术对阵发性心房颤动(Af)患者左心房大小和功能的影响。方法:28例阵发性Af患者择期行环肺静脉隔离术,根据Af复发与否分为复发组(5例)和未复发组(23例);同期选择窦性心律患者30例作为对照组。应用超声心动图对所有患者在窦性心律下于术前、术后24h、1个月和3个月时测量左心房最大容积(LAVmax)、左心房最小容积(LAVmin)、二尖瓣环晚期运动峰值速度(A峰)、肺静脉收缩期波(S峰)、舒张期波(D峰)、心房血流逆向波(PVa峰),并计算左心房射血分数(LAEF)。结果:①左心房大小:复发组和未复发组患者消融术前LAVmax和LAVmin均较对照组增加(均P<0.05),在术后24hLAVmin均增加(均P<0.01),LAVmax无明显变化;未复发组术后1个月时LAVmax、LAVmin均减小至正常(均P<0.05),术后3个月时未再进一步减小,而复发组术后1个月和3个月恢复至术前大小。②左心房功能:复发组和未复发组消融术前LAEF和A峰值均较对照组降低(均P<0.05),术后24h左心房功能指标均较术前明显降低(均P<0.05);术后1个月时复发组和未复发组左心房功能指标较术后24h均明显增加(均P<0.01),2组PVa峰、S峰和D峰值均恢复至术前正常水平(均P<0.05),LAEF和A峰在未复发组增加至正常水平(P<0.05),而在复发组仅恢复至术前水平;术后3个月时左心房功能指标较术后1个月时均未再有明显变化。结论:环肺静脉隔离术可以逆转阵发性Af造成的左心房大小和功能异常,而且长期对左心房大小和功能无负面影响。     

脑钠肽对老年人心房颤动复律和复发的评价作用

目的 通过测定老年人窦性心律（窦律）患者和心房颤动（房颤）患者复律前后的血清脑钠肽（BNP）浓度，探讨其对老年房颤患者的评价作用及在房颤复律前后中的应用价值。方法 选择心功能正常的老年患者102例，其中阵发性房颤28例，持续性房颤40例，窦律34例，采用放射免疫方法测定窦律患者血清BNP浓度，同时对房颤患者进行复律，测定复律前、复律后24h及30d的血清BNP浓度。结果 老年房颤患者的血清BNP浓度显著高于窦律患者，并在复律后显著降低，差异有统计学意义。窦律维持组的血清BNP浓度低于房颤复发组[（238．24±97．45）pg／ml vs（323．24±62．78）pg／ml，P〈0．05]。单因素分析显示年龄、左心房内径、房颤持续时间及BNP浓度与房颤的复发有关，多因素回归分析显示BNP浓度和年龄是复律后房颤复发的独立影响因子。结论 BNP的检测可能对老年人房颤的诊断和评估、预测复律的疗效及房颤的复发具有重要的临床价值。     

Effect of sinus rhythm restoration on plasma brain natriuretic peptide in patients with atrial fibrillation

Plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was evaluated before and after sinus rhythm restoration in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) who had underlying hypertension or coronary heart disease and normal left ventricle function. Twenty-four hours after successful cardioversion, plasma BNP decreased significantly to levels that had been measured in controlled subjects: from 95 to 28 pg/ml in 24 patients in the paroxysmal AF group and from 75 to 41 pg/ml in 36 patients in the persistent AF group. This indicates that AF affects BNP secretion in patients with AF and that some BNP may be atrially delivered.     

Atrial stunning and pharmacologic cardioversion in idiopathic atrial fibrillation of recent onset

BACKGROUND: Normal atrial mechanic function may not return immediately after the successful cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. It has been suggested that the delayed recovery of atrial contraction (atrial stunning) might be due to: 1. the energy delivered during direct current cardioversion 2. the time from the onset of atrial fibrillation 3. the left atrial size 4. the associated cardiac disease. This study evaluates "atrial stunning" in patients pharmacologically treated, with atrial fibrillation of recent onset, normal atrial size and without heart disease. Doppler echocardiography is well suited for assessment of atrial function due to the ability of recording the peak velocity of atrial contraction (A wave). METHODS: Twenty-five patients with no evidence of heart disease and M-mode left atrial dimension less than 40 mm underwent successful pharmacologic cardioversion (pro-paphenon or flecainide 2 mg/kg/10 min) of atrial fibrillation of recent onset (less than 48 hours). After cardioversion an echocardiographic study was performed within 12 hours (ECO 1), on day 3 (ECO 2), on day 12 (ECO 3), and on day 30 (ECO 4). RESULTS: No significant difference of both left atrial size (37 +/- 3.9 mm; 38.22 +/- 3.8 mm; 38.02 +/- 4.7 mm; 38.2 +/- 4.14 mm) and peak E velocity (57.97 +/- 18.3 mm/sec; 59.4 +/- 18.3 mm/sec; 59.0 +/- 16 mm/sec; 59.07 +/- 16.7 mm/sec) was demonstrated among serial echocardiographic evaluations. Both peak A velocity (mm/sec) and E/A ratio were significantly different in ECO 1 (60.29 +/- 12.3-1.0 +/- 0.37) than in ECO 2 (73.1 +/- 10.7, p < 0.005-0.82 +/- 0.27, p < 0.05); no statistical difference was found between ECO 2 and ECO 3 (76.31 +/- 12-0.78 +/- 0.24 mm/sec)--ECO 4 (76.91 +/- 14.8-0.78 +/- 0.21 mm/sec). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that patients with atrial fibrillation of recent onset have a delayed recovery of normal atrial systolic function after pharmacologic cardioversion.     

Transthoracic echocardiography for precardioversion screening during atrial flutter/fibrillation in young patients

BACKGROUND: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is reliable for detection of thrombi in the left ventricle and right atrium, but not in the left atrial appendage. Therefore, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is routinely performed in adults prior to electric cardioversion for atrial flutter/fibrillation (AFF). Whether young survivors of congenital heart disease repair with AFF need routine TEE prior to electric cardioversion is unknown. HYPOTHESIS: Electric cardioversion for AFF is safe in survivors of congenital heart disease repair/palliation if an intracardiac thrombus is not suspected on TTE imaging. METHODS: This study reports the outcome of patients in a pediatric tertiary care cardiac unit where electric cardioversion was performed if no intracardiac thrombus was suspected on TTE. We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients treated with electric cardioversion for AFF at Children's Hospital of Michigan during 1997-2002. RESULTS: Of 35 patients who presented with 110 episodes of AFF requiring electric cardioversion during the study duration, 32 (age 3 months-49 years, median age 20.5 years, 104 AFF episodes) had previously undergone palliative surgery or repair of their congenital heart disease. Of these 32 patients, 18 were survivors of a Fontan palliation (for a single-ventricle variant) and the remaining 14 were survivors of other defects and repairs (septal defects, valve replacements, and tetralogy of Fallot). During 81% of the episodes, patients were receiving aspirin, warfarin, or heparin for anticoagulation at presentation. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in 74 AFF episodes; of these, 10 TTE studies were suspicious for atrial thrombi. Transesophageal echocardiography confirmed the presence of a thrombus in 3 of these 10 patients. These patients received warfarin for 2 weeks and then underwent electric cardioversion. No thromboembolic events occurred immediately after or on follow-up in any patient. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that TTE may be an effective imaging tool for precardioversion screening in young patients with AFF.     

Short-term effects of sinus rhythm restoration in patients with lone atrial fibrillation: a hormonal study

It is well known that atrial fibrillation can lead to heart failure, and is attributed to rapid ventricular rate (tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy). Some recent studies suggest the possible existence of an intrinsic left-ventricular factor related to atrial fibrillation, irrespective of other elements. In order to demonstrate the implication of this factor, we measured B-type Natriuretic Peptide, known as a functional marker of left-ventricular dysfunction, in 40 consecutive patients with chronic non-valvular atrial fibrillation, with low ventricular rate and absence of clinical heart failure or echocardiographic left-ventricular dysfunction. In all patients, Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) plasma level was high and dramatically decreased 24 h after external electrical cardioversion (61.4 pg/ml before cardioversion, 23.5 pg/ml 1 day after cardioversion, P<0.002). Our study demonstrates that atrial fibrillation, in absence of high ventricular rate, induces an asymptomatic cardiac alteration that is not detectable by echocardiography.     

非瓣膜病心房颤动患者电转复前后左心耳功能的经食管超声心动图研究

目的阐明左心耳功能对非瓣膜病心房颤动（ＮＶＡＦ）患者电转复成功率的预测价值,且对电转复后左心耳收缩功能恢复过程进行观察。方法应用经食管超声心动图对６０例ＮＶＡＦ患者电转复前及转复后２４小时、３天和１周左心耳血流频谱模式、峰值血流速度（ＬＡＡＰＥＶ）及左房自发显影的检测。结果（１）电转复前左心耳ＬＡＡＰＥＶ≥２０ｃｍ／ｓ者,转复成功率为７５％;反之,ＬＡＡＰＥＶ＜２０ｃｍ／ｓ,成功率为３０％;（２）电转复后左心耳血流频谱变成规则收缩与舒张的频谱模式,ＬＡＡＰＥＶ为２３±１０ｃｍ／ｓ,低于转复前３０±１２ｃｍ／ｓ（Ｐ＜０００１）;转复后左房新出现自发显影者８例,自发显影密度增加者１１例。结论ＮＶＡＦ患者电转复前左心耳收缩功能与窦性心律的维持高度相关;转复后左心耳“顿抑”,出现了血栓易于形成的条件,故对此类患者电转复后应给予足够的抗凝治疗,预防左房与左心耳血栓形成。